Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Anacyclus Pyrethrum (L) Link and Corrigiola Telephiifolia Pourr. From the Middle Atlas Region-Morocco

Aqueous extracts of Corrigiola telephiifolia and Anacyclus pyrethrum were studied in vitro for their antimicrobial properties. These plants were collected from the Central Middle Atlas region. Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr. and Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link are widely used as a natural drug for the treatment of various infectious diseases. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and alkaloids. The determination of the polyphenols in the aqueous extract of the two plants revealed the presence of significant amounts of polyphenols (58.5 ± 0.76 mg equivalent of gallic acid (GEA) per gram of extract for C. telephiifolia, and 97.57 mg equivalent of gallic acid (GEA) per gram of extract of A. pyrethrum). The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extracts against three bacterial strains was evaluated on the basis of the inhibition zone using the disk diffusion assay. The aqueous extract of Corrigiola telephiifolia is slightly active on E. coli. At a concentration of extract 100 μg mL-1, the size of the inhibition zone equal to 9 ± 0.06 mm. Whereas S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed a sensitivity to the macerate of Anacyclus pyrethrum at the concentration 100 μg mL-1 of extract with an inhibition zone 16.55 ± 0.6 mm, 14.95 ± 1.25 mm and 10.83 ± 0.96 respectively

Activite Antifongique Des Extraits Aqueux De Calendula Officinalis L, Urginea Maritima (L.) Baker Et Chenopodium Ambrosioides L.

Fungi are the cause of many human, animal and plant diseases. In the context of valorization of aromatic and medicinal plants of the Central Middle Atlas of Morocco, three plants were selected, based on the results of an ethnobotanical survey in this region, to evaluate their antifungal activity against five Fungi, namely Fusarium oxysporum sp. albedinis, Alternaria sp, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Rhizopus stolonifer. A quantification of the total polyphenols was mesured out for the aqueous extracts of the studied plants Urginea maritima (L.) Baker of the Liliaceae family, Chenopodium ambrosoides L. of the Chenopodiaceae Family and Calendula officinalis L of the Asteraceae family, to choose the form in which the tests will be performed. According to the results, Aspergillus brasiliensis was found sensitive to the macerate of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker at a concentration of 10.71 mg / ml. The percent of inhibition (PI) of mycelial growth was 43.33%. At the same concentration, Fusarium oxysporum showed a slight sensitivity with PI = 19.25%. Furthermore the Chenopodium ambrosoides L decoctate was active against Aspergillus brasiliensis, Alternaria sp and Fusarium oxysporum with PI respectively equal to 41.11%, 40.37% and 27.77%. However, the infusion of Calendula officinalis L showed no effect on the strains tested

Composition Chimique Et Activité Antimicrobienne Des Huiles Essentielles De Deux Espèces De Lavande : Lavandula Dentata Spp. Dentata Et Lavandula Peduncultata Spp. Pedunculata

The aim of the present work is to compare the chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activity of two spontaneous species of lavender "Lavandula stoechas L." and "Lavandula dentata L." in Morocco. A phytochemical screening was performed on the aerial part of invested plants. The qualitative variation was revealed in the secondary metabolites of the species studied. Subsequently, the dosage of the crude organic extracts showed that the polyphenol content was higher in the methanol fraction, with an important yield in L. dentata. Also, the essential oils of the aerial part, obtained by hydrodistillation gave higher yields in L. dentata than L. pedunculata. Finally, tests of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oils of the two species were performed on four strains of bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus "Gram+," and Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis which are Gram-), and three phytopathogenic fungi : Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Penicillium expansum, The results obtained showed that the essential oil of L. dentata showed a strong antibacterial activity against the studied strains, particularly against S. aureus. While the antifungal activity revealed that L. pedunculata has a remarkable antifungal power against the fungi tested in comparison with L. dentata

BIOACTIVITY OF Anvillea radiata COSS & DUR. COLLECTED FROM THE SOUTHEAST OF MOROCCO

The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Anvillea radiata (Asteraceae) were investigated. Antibacterial activity was tested against six pathogenic strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Salmonella abony (NCTC 6017), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and by using Disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). Total antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH (1.1 diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing power (FRAP) and ABTS (2.2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical cation scavenging activity. Total phenolic contents were measured by Folin- Ciocalteu assay. Among the extracts tested, methanolic extract showed promising antibacterial activity against bacteria and reasonable antioxidant properties, and they can therefore be potentially used as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries

ETUDE ETHNOBOTANIQUE AU MOYEN ATLAS CENTRAL

The present study should be set in the frame work of valorization of medical plant and traditional knowledge’s from middle Atlas of Morocco. Using 1047 survey forms ethnobotanical study was conducted during seven months (january- july 2013) in the seven city (Meknès, Elhajeb, Azrou, Ifrane, Khénifra, Mrirt and Timehdit), this phase revealed the occurrence of 125 medicinal species which are divided into 50 families and 111 genera, with a dominance of Asteraceae. Also species with very high frequency of use are Akir karha (Anacyclus pyrethrum DC.) (4.41%), Bereztam (Aristolochia longa L.) (3.07%), Hariga (Urtica sp) (2.97%), Serguina (Corrigiola telephiifolia L.) (2.87%). The leaves are the most used part (39.3%) and the majority of remedies are prepared as a decoction (44%). In terms of the treated disease, disorders of the digestive system ranks first with a rate of 29.31%% with Bereztam (Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel.) et Carum carvi

Chemical characterisation and the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial properties of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Date fruit, Phoenix dactylifera L. has traditionally been used as a medicine in many cultures for the treatment of a range of ailments such as stomach and intestinal disorders, fever, oedema, bronchitis and wound healing. Aim of the review: The present review aims to summarise the traditional use and application of Phoenix dactylifera date fruit in different ethnomedical systems, additionally the botany and phytochemistry are identified. Critical evaluation of in vitro and in vitro studies examining date fruit in relation to anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antimicrobial activities are outlined. Key Findings: The ethnomedical use of Phoenix dactylifera in the treatment of inflammatory disease has been previously identified and reported. Furthermore, date fruit and date fruit co-products such as date syrup are rich sources of polyphenols, anthocyanins, sterols and carotenoids. In vitro studies have demonstrated that date fruit exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activity. The recent interest in the identification of the numerous health benefits of dates using in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that date fruit and date syrup have beneficial health effects that can be attributed to the presence of natural bioactive compounds. Conclusions: Date fruit and date syrup have therapeutic properties, which have the potential to be beneficial to health. However, more investigations are needed to quantify and validate these effects

Quelle place de l’éducation à l’environnement et au développement durable dans les programmes scolaires au Maroc ? Cas de l’éducation familiale dispensée au secondaire collégial

Protecting the environment and sustainable use of natural resources is everyone's responsibility; therefore, environmental education for sustainable development is an obvious instrument for awareness-raising throughout society, in all fields and especially in schools medium, supposed help learners acquire knowledge and develop skills, values and attitudes necessary for positive and responsible citizenship.In the Moroccan education system, Family Education (FE) is one of the school disciplines taught at the middle school level, which promotes environmental education; however, the non-generalization of this discipline, the absence of textbooks and teaching aids are major challenge of maximizing learning and developing best teaching practice.This paper analyzed the official instructions and scholar program of FE to highlight the place of the Environmental Education; then, a survey was conducted among teachers of that matter in the region of Fes-Meknes.The results show that, although Environmental Education is one of its main vocations, the FE suffers from serious needs Environmental teaching methods and didactic tools, mainly in terms of biodiversity. Almost 89% of the teachers surveyed expressed that they have a high level of need for professional training and teaching aids, to improve environmental life skills for sustainable development

Evaluation of antioxidant, antihemolytic and antibacterial potential of six

The research aimed to examine the antioxidant, anti-hemolytic and antimicrobial activities of six Moroccan date fruit varieties. Estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents revealed that, Bousrdoun (537.07 mg GAE/100 g DW) and Jihl (208.53 mg RE/100 g) had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Among the date fruit varieties tested for antioxidant activities, Jihl had the highest activity compared to other varieties. It had an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.05 g/L for DPPH scavenging activity and a ferric reducing power of (860.89 μmol TE/100 g DW). As well as a high protective effect against AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis with a hemolysis half-time of 210.99 min. The antibacterial capacity of various extracts was investigated against Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella abony NCTC 6017). The Bousrdon and Jihl extracts were found to be more potent inhibitory activities with MIC values ranging between 2.5 mg mL−1 and 10 mg mL−1 for all bacterial strains tested. These results suggested that date fruit extract, especially Jihl and Bousrdon extract, is not only an important source of antioxidants, which possess a high protective effect of membrane against free radical, but also a potential source of antibacterial components

Experimental study in microcosms of the effect of fire on the characteristic vegetation of Mediterranean temporary ponds / Étude expérimentale en microcosmes de l’effet du feu sur la végétation caractéristique des mares temporaires méditerranéennes

Fire is an important disturbance factor of ecosystems. Its impact on temporary ponds remains poorly documented. In Morocco, temporary ponds are numerous and mostly found in forested and agricultural environment. Forest fire has been increasingly frequent over the last years eventually spreading to the temporary pools. In addition, some farmers light fire to get rid of the biomass of crop residues. No assessment of the impact of fire on the plant biodiversity of temporary ponds was made. We tested the impact of fire on soil samples in an experiment in controlled conditions. Soil samples were taken from five ponds in the Middle Atlas divided into four series of 25 samples each. The first series served as a control while those of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th series were subjected respectively to a blowtorch flame sent for 30, 120 and 600 seconds. We measured the temperature of the soil surface for each treatment after fire using an infrared thermometer. We put all soil samples in germination conditions by watering them daily. During the second year, we manually disturbed the soil samples and then germinated them by watering them daily. Unlike low-intensity fires (fires of agricultural land), high-intensity fires (forest fires) significantly reduced the total density of seeds, those of annuals and aquatic annuals, as well as the species richness of the same groups. The effect of fire also varied according to the species and the duration of exposure. Natural restoration of the vegetation of the temporary ponds even after an intense fire is still possible but probably slow. Improved environmental conditions after fire and the presence in the soil of a long-lived seed bank are relevant indicators of restoration success.Le feu est un agent important de perturbation des écosystèmes. Son impact sur les mares temporaires reste très peu documenté. Au Maroc, les mares temporaires sont nombreuses et majoritairement concentrées soit dans un environnement forestier soit agricole. Le feu de forêt y est devenu fréquent ces dernières années. En plus, certains agriculteurs pratiquent le feu pour se débarrasser de la biomasse des restes des cultures. Dans ce pays, aucune évaluation de l’impact du feu sur la biodiversité des mares temporaires n’a été faite. Nous avons testé dans une expérimentation en conditions contrôlées, l’impact du feu sur des échantillons de sol prélevés à partir de 5 mares du Moyen Atlas et répartis en 4 lots de 25 échantillons chacun. Le premier a servi de témoin tandis que les 2e, 3e et 4e lots ont été soumis respectivement à une flamme de feu envoyée d’un chalumeau pendant 30, 120 et 600 secondes. Nous avons mesuré la température de la surface du sol des échantillons de chaque traitement après feu par un thermomètre infrarouge. Les échantillons ont été mis en germination et arrosés chaque jour. Durant la deuxième année, nous avons perturbé manuellement les mêmes échantillons de sol puis les avons mis en germination en les arrosant quotidiennement. Contrairement aux feux de faible intensité (feux de terrains agricoles), les feux de forte intensité (feux de forêt) ont diminué significativement la densité totale des semences, celles des annuelles et des aquatiques annuelles ainsi que la richesse en espèces des mêmes groupes. L’effet du feu a varié aussi en fonction des espèces et la durée d’exposition. La restauration de la végétation des mares temporaires après un feu de forte intensité est possible mais probablement lente. L’amélioration des conditions environnementales après feu et la présence dans le sol d’une banque de semences longévives sont des indicateurs pertinents du succès de la restauration.Ben Bammou Mohamed, Rhazi Mouhssine, El Madihi Mohammed, Moukrim Said, Rhazi Laïla. Experimental study in microcosms of the effect of fire on the characteristic vegetation of Mediterranean temporary ponds / Étude expérimentale en microcosmes de l’effet du feu sur la végétation caractéristique des mares temporaires méditerranéennes. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 47 n°2, 2021. pp. 27-40

Ruta chalepensis L. Essential Oil Has a Biological Potential for a Natural Fight against the Pest of Stored Foodstuffs: Tribolium castaneum Herbst

Chemical pesticides used against insect pests of stored food have adverse effects on both health and the environment. So, the present study aims to evaluate the insect repulsive and insecticidal power of Ruta chalepensis L. essential oil (EO) from the region of Oulmes (Central plateau of Morocco); the ultimate objective is to develop a biological and ecological control strategy against pests. Thus, the EO obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L. was identified by GC-MS; its repellent and fumigant toxicity effects on adults of Tribolium castaneum Herbst were, respectively, investigated by the preferential area method on a filter paper and the inhalation test. The insecticide power was estimated by determining the percentage of mortality as a function of the duration of exposure and concentration of the EO. The essential oil obtained is characterized by the dominance of 2-undecanone (64.35%), piperonyl piperazine (11.9%), 2-decanaone (5.12%), 2-dodecanone (4.52%), decipidone (3.9%,) and 2-tridecanone (2.36%). This EO is endowed with a very repulsive power belonging to class V, which is strongly due to its majority compound 2-undecanone. The dose 0.038 μl/ml gave a repellent power of 100% after 15 min. The tests also revealed a considerable insecticidal effect, which reached 100% after 48 hours at a dose of 0.62 μl/ml. The calculation of the lethal dose causing 50% mortality (LD50) and the lethal times after which there is 50% mortality (LT50) allowed deducing that the insecticidal effect of Ruta chalepensis L. is time- and dose-dependent. Hence, the effectiveness of Ruta chalepensis L. EO attests that it can constitute a healthy alternative to fight against Tribolium castaneum Herbst