7 research outputs found

    Fréquence des néphropathies congénitales au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Donka à Conakry: Frequency of congenital nephropathies in the University Hospital of Donka in Conakry

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    Context and objective. The real extent of congenital nephropathies is little known in Africa and in particular in Guinea. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital nephropathies in the University Hospital of Donka. Methods. This was a descriptive retrospective study enrolling patients admitted for congenital nephropathy at both pediatric and pediatric surgery departments of Donka, between January 1st, 2007 and June 30th, 2012. The parameters of the study were epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical data.  Results. Of 34,448 patients recorded during the period studied, 26 had congenital nephropathies. They encompassed nephroblastoma (n=17), SJPU (n=6), hydronephrosis on left multikystic kidney (n=1), multikystic kidney in ptosis (n=1) and renal ectopia (n=1). Male sex was preponderant (21/26) with a sex ratio of 4.2/1. The 29 day-old to 2 year-old children were more affected. Conclusion. Congenital nephropathies appear less frequently in this hospital probably due to the absence of optimal facilities. The early diagnosis of congenital nephropathies should be made during the antenatal time, which would be a key to a better management of these conditions in affected children. Contexte et objectif. L’ampleur rĂ©elle des nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales est peu connue en Afrique et notamment en GuinĂ©e. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer la frĂ©quence des nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales rencontrĂ©es. MĂ©thodes. Cette Ă©tude documentaire de type descriptif sur la nĂ©phropathie congĂ©nitale, a Ă©tĂ© conduite entre les 1er janvier 2007 et 30 juin 2012, dans les services de pĂ©diatrie et de chirurgie pĂ©diatrique de Donka. Les paramètres d’interet englobaient les donnĂ©es Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques et paracliniques.  RĂ©sultats. Parmi les 34.448 dossiers colligĂ©s, 26 prĂ©sentaient une nĂ©phropathie congĂ©nitale. Il s’agissait des nĂ©phroblastomes (n=17), des syndromes de jonction pyĂ©lo-urĂ©tĂ©rale (n=6), d’une hydronĂ©phrose sur rein multikystique gauche (n=1), d’un rein multikystique en ptose (n=1) et d’une ectopie rĂ©nale (n=1). Le sexe masculin Ă©tait prĂ©pondĂ©rant (21/26) avec un sexe ratio de 4,2/1. Les enfants de 29 jours Ă  2 ans Ă©taient les plus touchĂ©s. Conclusion. Les nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales sont paraissent moins frĂ©quentes dans cette institution hospitalière, Ă  cause du manque d’un plateau technique diagnostique optimal. Le diagnostic prĂ©coce des nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales devrait ĂŞtre fait dans la pĂ©riode prĂ©natale ce qui permettrait une meilleure prise en charge des enfants affectĂ©s

    Évaluation du Risque Cardiovasculaire Absolu Chez les Patients Hémodialysés Diabétiques et Non diabétiques au Centre National d’Hémodialyse de Donka Conakry

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    Le risque cardiovasculaire chez les hémodialysés semble varier en fonction du statut diabétique ainsi que d’autres facteurs associés et constitue un problème de santé publique en Afrique en général et particulièrement en Guinée. Dans ce sens, l’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer le risque de survenue d’une pathologie cardiovasculaire absolu chez les patients hémodialysés diabétiques, par rapport aux patients hémodialysés non diabétiques. La présente, étude transversale, descriptive et analytique a été réalisée entre le 1 ier avril et le 30 juin 2019 au Centre National d’Hémodialyse de Donka. L’étude a inclus les 140 patients hémodialysés durant la période. Le recrutement était exhaustif et concernait tous les patients hémodialysés répondant aux critères de sélection. Les données ont été recueillies prospectivement chez les patients hémodialysés puis compilées et traitées dans Epi info. 7.2.2.6. Un questionnaire semi-administré a été utilisé à ce fin. Pour évaluer le risque cardiovasculaire chez les patients le FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE (FRS) a été aussi utilisé. L’enquête a concerné 140 individus dont 91 (65,00%) étaient des hommes, contre 49 (35,00%) de femmes, soit un sex- ratio de 1,86 soit 2 hommes pour une femme. L’âge moyen était de 41 ± 4,1 ans avec des extrêmes de (30 ; 74) ans. On notait une prédominance chez les hommes des facteurs de risque, pour le tabagisme. L’étude a trouvé 39 diabétiques contre 101 non diabétiques. Le risque était élevé chez 23 diabétiquessur 39 ; et 25 sur 101 des patients non diabétiques. L’étude montre qu’un patient sur quatre aurait un risque absolu élevé chez les patients non diabétiques et un patient sur deux chez les patients diabétiques. Ce risque est majoré par d’autres facteurs associés. Introduction: Cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis appears to vary depending on diabetic status and other associated factors and is a public health problem in Africa in general and particularly in Guinea. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of absolute cardiovascular disease in diabetic hemodialysis patients, compared to non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. Methods: Between April 1 and June 30, 2019, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Hemodialysis Centre in Donka. The study included 140 hemodialysis patients during the period. Recruitment was comprehensive and involved all hemodialysis patients meeting the selection criteria. The data were collected prospectively in hemodialysis patients and then compiled and processed in Epi info. 7.2.2.6. A semi-administered questionnaire had been used. To assess cardiovascular risk in patients, FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE (FRS) was used. Results: The survey involved 140 individuals, 91 of whom (65.00%) 49 (35.00%) were men. sex ratio of 1.86 or 2 men per woman. The average age was 41-4.1 years with extremes of (30; 74) years. There was a predominance among men of risk factors for smoking. The study found 39 diabetics versus 101 non-diabetics. The risk was high in 23 out of 39 diabetics; and 25 out of 101 non-diabetic patients. Conclusion: The study shows that one in four patients would have a high absolute risk in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and also confirms the association of other factors that increase this risk. The survey involved 140 individuals, 91 of whom (65.00%) 49 (35.00%) were men. sex ratio of 1.86 or 2 men per woman. The average age was 41-4.1 years with extremes of (30; 74) years. There was a predominance among men of risk factors for smoking and diabetes. In our series, most of our patients had a low risk level of 56 (40%). Conclusion: This survey finds a low risk in this hemodialysis population. This should lead to strengthening strategies for preventing cardiovascular disease in this at-risk population

    Diversité et Occurrence des Ravageurs dans les Agroécosystèmes Maraîchers en Basse Casamance, Sénégal

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    Les arthropodes ravageurs des cultures constituent une menace permanente pour la production horticole. La plupart des familles d’arthropode sont très mal connues dans la zone agroécologique de la Casamance car peu de travaux de recherches ont été effectués. Une meilleure connaissance des ravageurs facilite le choix des stratégies de lutte. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’occurrence et la diversité spécifique des ravageurs associés aux cultures maraîchères. Une étude a été menée sur 144 parcelles situées dans trois localités de la zone agroécologique de la Casamance. L’inventaire des arthropodes ravageurs des cultures a été effectué dans les périmètres maraîchers. Des indices écologiques sont calculés pour évaluer diversité des ravageurs. Un nombre de 4882 spécimens de ravageurs dont 65 espèces réparties dans sept ordres et 28 familles sont collectés sur 17 plantes hôtes. Quatre ordres de ravageurs attaquent la moitié des plantes hôtes échantillonnées. Un total de 51 espèces a une présence de 100%. La diversité des ravageurs est plus élevée à Oussouye alors que l’abondance est plus élevée à Ziguinchor. La connaissance de la diversité et de la distribution des ravageurs facilitent la mise en place de stratégies alternatives de lutte en vue de préserver la filière maraîchère. Arthropod pests of crops are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Most arthropod families are poorly known in the Casamance agroecological zone because little research has been done. A better knowledge of the pests facilitates the choice of control strategies. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence and specific diversity of pests associated with crops. A study was conducted on 144 plots located in three localities of the Casamance agroecological zone. The inventory of crop pests were carried out in the market gardens. Ecological indices were calculated to assess pest diversity. A total of 4882 pest specimens including 65 species in seven orders and 28 families were collected from 17 host plants. Four orders of pests attacked half of the sampled host plants. A total of 51 species have a 100% occurrence. Pest diversity is higher in Oussouye, while abundance is higher in Ziguinchor. Knowledge of the diversity and distribution of pests facilitates the development of alternative control strategies to preserve the market gardening sector

    Subsequent mortality in survivors of Ebola virus disease in Guinea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

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    BACKGROUND: A record number of people survived Ebola virus infection in the 2013-16 outbreak in west Africa, and the number of survivors has increased after subsequent outbreaks. A range of post-Ebola sequelae have been reported in survivors, but little is known about subsequent mortality. We aimed to investigate subsequent mortality among people discharged from Ebola treatment units. METHODS: From Dec 8, 2015, Surveillance Active en ceinture, the Guinean national survivors' monitoring programme, attempted to contact and follow-up all survivors of Ebola virus disease who were discharged from Ebola treatment units. Survivors were followed up until Sept 30, 2016, and deaths up to this timepoint were recorded. Verbal autopsies were done to gain information about survivors of Ebola virus disease who subsequently died from their closest family members. We calculated the age-standardised mortality ratio compared with the general Guinean population, and assessed risk factors for mortality using survival analysis and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. FINDINGS: Of the 1270 survivors of Ebola virus disease who were discharged from Ebola treatment units in Guinea, information was retrieved for 1130 (89%). Compared with the general Guinean population, survivors of Ebola virus disease had a more than five-times increased risk of mortality up to Dec 31, 2015 (age-standardised mortality ratio 5·2 [95% CI 4·0-6·8]), a mean of 1 year of follow-up after discharge. Thereafter (ie, from Jan 1-Sept 30, 2016), mortality did not differ between survivors of Ebola virus disease and the general population. (0·6 [95% CI 0·2-1·4]). Overall, 59 deaths were reported, and the cause of death was tentatively attributed to renal failure in 37 cases, mostly on the basis of reported anuria. Longer stays (ie, equal to or longer than the median stay) in Ebola treatment units were associated with an increased risk of late death compared with shorter stays (adjusted hazard ratio 2·62 [95% CI 1·43-4·79]). INTERPRETATION: Mortality was high in people who recovered from Ebola virus disease and were discharged from Ebola treatment units in Guinea. The finding that survivors who were hospitalised for longer during primary infection had an increased risk of death, could help to guide current and future survivors' programmes and in the prioritisation of funds in resource-constrained settings. The role of renal failure in late deaths after recovery from Ebola virus disease should be investigated. FUNDING: WHO, International Medical Corps, and the Guinean Red Cross

    Study and development of microtechnologies on paper based substrat applied to the structuration of porous AL2O3 for humidity sensor +

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    L'objectif premier de ce projet est la mise au point de procédés de fabrication microélectroniques/microtechnologiques compatibles avec l'utilisation d'un support papier. Pour cela, des techniques comme l'évaporation thermique sous vide, la photolithographie, l'électrodéposition et l'anodisation d'aluminium ont été développées et adaptées à ce support. Des bancs de caractérisations structurels, électriques et flexibles ont été aussi mis en œuvre pour étudier la fiabilité des couches déposées sur un tel substrat. En application, un capteur d'humidité à base d'oxyde d'aluminium flexible a été fabriqué et les tests en humidité ont montré d'excellents résultats permettant de valider le travail effectué.The primary objective of this project is the implementation of microelectronics/microtechnology processes compatible with the use of paper-based substrate. For this purpose, techniques such as thermal vacuum evaporation, photolithography, electroplating and anodizing aluminum have been developed and adapted to this substrate. Structural, electrical and flexible characterizations benches have also been implemented to study the reliability of the layers deposited on such substrate. A moisture sensor based on flexible aluminum oxide was made and humidity tests have shown excellent results which validate the work
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