Meanings of the empowerment process: a study with a self-helping organization for minorities with discapacities

Empowerment is a complex construc with various meanings, steps and actions. Duns, Trivette and LaPointe (1992) propose a theoretical framework integrating three empowerment components: ideology, process and results. They also propose that each one has at least two meanings: As an ideology the empowerment includes philosophy and paradigm whose process involves faciliting activities and alliances. As a process it includeschanges in power perception and in performance. The article examines the conceptual model usefulness for development, implementation and assessing of empowerment interventions. For this, a case study is presented describing a empowerment intervention with a service organization for ethnic minorities with discapacities. The information was obtained through activities and semi-strucutred interview scoring. Results indicate that the empowerment concept including multiple meanings is useful for analyzing empowerment interventions. Discussion explores the theoretical implications for developing alliances among universities and communities to promote empowerment.El incremento de poder (empowerment en ingles) es un constructo complejo asociado con varios significados, pasos y acciones. Dunst, Trivette, y LaPointe (1992) proponen un marco teórico que integra tres componentes del incremento de poder: ideología, proceso y resultados. Ellos proponen que cada uno de estos componentes tiene por lo menos dos significados: incremento de poder como ideología incluye filosofía y paradigma, como proceso incluye actividades facilitadoras y alianzas; y como proceso incluye: cambios en la percepción de poder y cambios en desempeño. Este artículo busca mostrar la utilidad de este modelo conceptual para el desarrollo, la implementación y la evaluación de intervenciones de incremento de poder. Para esto se presenta un estudio de caso que describe una intervención de incremento de poder con una organización de servicios para minorías étnicas con discapacidades. La información se obtuvo a través de registros de actividades y entrevistas semi estructuradas. Los resultados indican que el concepto de incremento de poder incluyendo múltiples significados es útil para analizar intervenciones de incremento de poder y sugiere su utilidad en el desarrollo y la implementación de las mismas. La discusión explora las implicaciones para la teoría de incremento de poder y para el desarrollo de alianzas entre universidades y comunidades para promover el incremento de poder

Capacity Building and Empowerment: A panacea and a challenge for agency-university engagement

Capacity building is an effective strategy for promoting organizational change and/or improving the quality of social services. In this article I present an empowerment approach to capacity building. In doing so I propose a number of principles that can promote capacity building and collaboration between social service agencies and universities from an empowerment perspective: keeping the control of the capacity building process in the agency; developing competencies that matter to the people in the agency; engaging in supportive roles; maintaining a strengths-based approach to capacity building; focusing on sustainability, institutionalization and utilization of acquired skills; and paying attention to cultural and contextual issues. Further, the challenges and benefits of the empowerment approach to university-agency collaboration are discussed in this article

Contribuciones de la Psicología comunitaria a la promoción de la salud

El origen de la psicología comunitaria se traza a una conferencia que tuvo lugar en mayo de 1965 en Swampscott, Massachusetts.  Los asistentes a la conferencia estaban insatisfechos con las limitaciones de la psicología clínica tradicional y a su vez preocupados por promover cambio social y político; decidieron ir más allá del énfasis en las terapias individuales y moverse hacia la prevención y la utilización de un modelo ecológico, que considera al contexto del individuo como un factor determinante de la conducta, en lugar de su condición interna o su patología. Moritsugu et al.,(1)  en uno de los libros comúnmente utilizados en clases de introducción a la psicología comunitaria, indicaron que la meta central de  esta es “optimizar el bienestar de la comunidad y los individuos con intervenciones creativas o alternativas diseñadas en colaboración con miembros de la comunidad afectados por un problema común y en colaboración con otras disciplinas relacionadas.

El “privilegio de los blancos”

El “privilegio de los blancos” (“White Priviledge”) se describe como la experiencia de ventajas que un grupo experimenta basado exclusivamente en sus características físicas y sociales. La experiencia de privilegio es el resultado de condiciones históricas de opresión en el conjunto de la sociedad. Dichas ventajas son adquiridas sin esfuerzo, no son el resultado de talentos particulares y no son comunes ni universales. El constructo está asociado con estrato social y posiciones de poder, reflejando fuerzas hegemónicas de dominación social de parte de grupos privilegiados. Notamos cómo la característica psicológica del “privilegio de los blancos” es su naturaleza inconsciente, es decir, quienes lo experimentan lo reciben como una condición natural de su estatus y quienes lo otorgan han sido condicionados a hacerlo como conducta deseable y esperada. Por último, reflexionamos acerca de la división de clases en Argentina y Latinoamérica y analizamos ejemplos de cómo se manifiestan los privilegios.White Privilege is described as an advantage that a group of people experience based exclusively on physical and social characteristics. Such experiences are the result of conditions of oppression across society along the years. White Privilege is not earned through talent or effort, but rather is granted, and the advantages are not common or universal. This construct is also related to high social status, as a reflection of the hegemonic dominance of privileged groups. We highlight that the psychological characteristic of White Privilege is its unconscious nature, i.e., those who are privileged are not aware of it, and they experience it as a natural condition of their social status. On the other hand, those who grant White Privilege are already conditioned to do so as desirable and expected behavior. Lastly, we discuss issues of class divisions in Argentina and LatinAmerica, and analyze examples of how privileges are manifested

Disability, race/ethnicity and gender: themes of cultural oppression, acts of individual resistance

Abstract Community psychologists have called for research on human diversity and interactions between individuals and society with a focus on oppression. This study examines learning disabilities as they cooccur with other sociopolitical minority statuses. We examined dominant cultural narratives of and individual responses to learning disability, race/ethnicity and gender identified by low-income men and women of color with learning disabilities. Our qualitative analysis identified cultural narratives that suggest that: (1a) individuals with learning disabilities are perceived as having an illegitimate impairment and being of lower intellectual ability and unworthy; (1b) having an invisible disability facilitates passing as nondisabled, thereby lessening disability discrimination from within racial/ethnic groups; (1c) having a learning disability detracts from positive gender expectations and exacerbates negative ones; and (1d) gender and racial/ethnic narratives are relevant for individuals with learning disabilities. Our analysis also identified two overarching individual acts of resistance used to thwart internalization of oppressive cultural narratives: (2a) removing self from oppressive environments and (2b) reframing dominant cultural narratives (including discounting the validity of negative messages, using negative narratives for motivation, and engaging in positive self-talk). We discuss findings in relation to extant research and theory and consider implications for research, theory, and practice

Transition of care for adolescents from paediatric services to adult health services

Background There is evidence that the process of transition from paediatric (child) to adult health services is often associated with deterioration in the health of adolescents with chronic conditions.Transitional care is the term used to describe services that seek to bridge this care gap. It has been defined as ‘the purposeful, planned movement of adolescents and young adults with chronic physical and medical conditions from child-centred to adult-oriented health care systems’. In order to develop appropriate services for adolescents, evidence of what works and what factors act as barriers and facilitators of effective interventions is needed. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve the transition of care for adolescents from paediatric to adult health services. Search methods We searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 2015, Issue 1, (including the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group Specialised Register), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Knowledge to 19 June 2015. We also searched reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews, and contacted experts and study authors for additional studies. Selection criteria We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before- and after-studies (CBAs), and interrupted time-series studies (ITSs) that evaluated the effectiveness of any intervention (care model or clinical pathway), that aimed to improve the transition of care for adolescents from paediatric to adult health services. We considered adolescents with any chronic condition that required ongoing clinical care, who were leaving paediatric services and going on to receive services in adult healthcare units, and their families. Participating providers included all health professionals responsible for the care of young people

Significados del proceso de incremento de poder : un estudio con una organización de auto ayuda para minorías con discapacidades.

Empowerment is a complex construc with various meanings, steps and actions. Duns, Trivette and LaPointe (1992) propose a theoretical framework integrating three empowerment components: ideology, process and results. They also propose that each one has at least two meanings: As an ideology the empowerment includes philosophy and paradigm whose process involves faciliting activities and alliances. As a process it includes changes in power perception and in performance. The article examines the conceptual model usefulness for development, implementation and assessing of empowerment interventions. For this, a case study is presented describing a empowerment intervention with a service organization for ethnic minorities with discapacities. The information was obtained through activities and semi-strucutred interview scoring. Results indicate that the empowerment concept including multiple meanings is useful for analyzing empowerment interventions. Discussion explores the theoretical implications for developing alliances among universities and communities to promote empowerment.El incremento de poder (empowerment en ingles) es un constructo complejo asociado con varios significados, pasos y acciones. Dunst, Trivette, y LaPointe (1992) proponen un marco teórico que integra tres componentes del incremento de poder: ideología, proceso y resultados. Ellos proponen que cada uno de estos componentes tiene por lo menos dos significados: incremento de poder como ideología incluye filosofía y paradigma, como proceso incluye actividades facilitadoras y alianzas; y como proceso incluye: cambios en la percepción de poder y cambios en desempeño. Este artículo busca mostrar la utilidad de este modelo conceptual para el desarrollo, la implementación y la evaluación de intervenciones de incremento de poder. Para esto se presenta un estudio de caso que describe una intervención de incremento de poder con una organización de servicios para minorías étnicas con discapacidades. La información se obtuvo a través de registros de actividades y entrevistas semi estructuradas. Los resultados indican que el concepto de incremento de poder incluyendo múltiples significados es útil para analizar intervenciones de incremento de poder y sugiere su utilidad en el desarrollo y la implementación de las mismas. La discusión explora las implicaciones para la teoría de incremento de poder y para el desarrollo de alianzas entre universidades y comunidades para promover el incremento de poder

Capacity Building and Empowerment: A panacea and a challenge for agency-university engagement

Capacity building is an effective strategy for promoting organizational change and/or improving the quality of social services. In this article I present an empowerment approach to capacity building. In doing so I propose a number of principles that can promote capacity building and collaboration between social service agencies and universities from an empowerment perspective: keeping the control of the capacity building process in the agency; developing competencies that matter to the people in the agency; engaging in supportive roles; maintaining a strengths-based approach to capacity building; focusing on sustainability, institutionalization and utilization of acquired skills; and paying attention to cultural and contextual issues. Further, the challenges and benefits of the empowerment approach to university-agency collaboration are discussed in this article

Una investigación acción participativa en una comunidad rural de México

En: Universitas Psychologica, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 15-25For several decades, community interventions have promoted community development with strategies involving capacity building, advocacy, social change, and empowerment. Although community interventions intend to ameliorate social and economic inequalities, there is still a need to evaluate the outcomes of Participatory Action Research (PAR). PAR approaches have demonstrated to be a helpful tool for addressing and identifying community issues and strengths, while leading community members into action. The PAR approach described in this case study of “Ciudad Renace” (Town Reborn)—the Concerns Report Method (CRM)—provided a process for the community to come together and identify main issues, organize, and take actions. The findings suggest multiple activities and outcomes in areas like environmental contamination, social services, and education. Participatory methodologies like the Concerns report Method provided opportunities for community members to become engaged in pursing issues and addressing their own needs. The implications for community psychology research and practice are discussed