Розробка перспективної системи діагностики хрестовин стрілочних переводів методом вимірювання поперечного профілю

We have developed a system for diagnosing the frogs of railroad switches, based on the application of modern microcontrollers of the type ESP with high technical characteristics and the simultaneous use of the information technology IoT (Internet of Things). The proposed system has advantages over mechanical systems in terms of the accuracy of data, their operational processing and submission to user in order to analyze technical condition of frogs at railroad switches. The results of measuring the transverse profile of frogs at railroad switches make it possible to take scientifically-substantiated decisions regarding the need for recovery repair of frogs by the method of surfacing and for control over gradual decrease in their carrying capacity, for establishing their actual technical condition and residual resource.We carried out experimental-theoretical research into longitudinal profile of frogs at railroad switches laid on the reinforced concrete bars. It was established as a result that after passing 50–65 million tons of cargo (that corresponds to the medium degree of wear) the trajectory takes the shape of a bump. We observe sharp hollows on the reinforced concrete base in the zone where a wheel rolls from a rail wing onto the core, characterized by significant total inclination. Subsequently, when the passed cargo increases, the number of sinusoidal irregularities grows. At wear close to maximal (80–95 million tons passed), the percentage of unfavorable trajectories (sinusoidal and hollows) grows; at low wear, they make up 49.8 %, at a wear of 5–6 mm and larger – 88.3 %. Sometimes there is a transformation of the sinusoidal irregularities into the wave-shaped ones.We have established characteristic motion trajectories of the center of mass of the wheel over the frog depending on the wear of rail wings and the core of a frog and the passed cargo. A mathematical model was constructed for predicting the wear of frog profile depending on the total weight of passed cargo.Разработана система инновационной диагностики крестовин стрелочных переводов. Проведены экспериментально-теоретические исследования продольного профиля крестовин стрелочных переводов железнодорожного пути, установленных на железобетонных брусьях. Установлены характерные траектории движения центра масс колеса по крестовине в зависимости от износа усовиков и сердечника крестовины. Разработана математическая модель прогнозирования износа профиля крестовин в зависимости от пропущенного тоннажаРозроблено систему інноваційної діагностики хрестовин стрілочних переводів. Проведено експериментально-теоретичні дослідження поздовжнього профілю хрестовин стрілочних переводів залізничної колії, укладених на залізобетонних брусах. Установлено характерні траєкторії руху центра мас колеса по хрестовині залежно від зносу вусовиків та осердя хрестовини. Розроблено математичну модель прогнозування зносу профілю хрестовин залежно від пропущеного тоннаж

Визначення деформованого стану збірних металевих гофрованих конструкцій тунельного шляхопроводу при дії динамічного навантаження залізничного транспорту

This paper reports the analysis of prospects for the use of prefabricated metal corrugated structures in the body of the embankment of a railroad track in the form of a tunnel overpass in order to pass road vehicles and railroad rolling stock. A technique of inertial dynamic tests of the deformed state of a tunnel overpass from prefabricated metal corrugated structures during the passage of railroad rolling stock is given, by measuring accelerations at the top and on the sides of overpass structures. An algorithm is proposed for processing the acceleration signal for assessing the strained state of metal corrugated structures of a tunnel overpass under the action of dynamic load from railroad transport. Experimental dynamic measurements of accelerations arising at the top and on the sides of a tunnel overpass during the passage of passenger and freight railroad rolling stock were carried out. The maximum value of accelerations arising at the top of a tunnel overpass during the passage of a freight train was 7.99 m/s2, and when passing a passenger train – 6.21 m/s2; the maximum accelerations that occur on the sides were 2.63 m/s2 and 1.77 m/s2. It is established that the maximum deformations of metal corrugated structures of the top of a tunnel overpass, when passing freight and passenger trains are, respectively, 1.63 mm and 1.11 mm. The maximum strains of metal corrugated structures on the sides of an overpass are 1.07 mm and 0.48 mm. The value of relative deformations in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the structures of a tunnel overpass under the action of dynamic loads from the railroad rolling stock has been found. The relative vertical strains of an overpass amounted to 0.020 %; horizontal – 0.012 %. The practical significance of this work is that with the help of the devised procedure for measuring accelerations, it is possible to assess the strained state of metal corrugated structures under the influence of dynamic loads from the railroad rolling stockПроведено аналіз перспектив застосування збірних металевих гофрованих конструкцій у тілі насипу залізничної колії у вигляді тунельного шляхопроводу з метою пропуску автомобільних транспортних засобів та рухомого складу залізниць. Наведено спосіб інерційних динамічних випробувань деформованого стану тунельного шляхопроводу із збірних металевих гофрованих конструкцій при проїзді рухомого складу залізничного транспорту, шляхом вимірювання прискорень у вершині та на бокових сторонах конструкцій шляхопроводу. Запропоновано алгоритм обробки сигналу прискорень для оцінки деформованого стану металевих гофрованих конструкцій тунельного шляхопроводу при дії динамічного навантаження від залізничного транспорту. Проведено експериментальні динамічні вимірювання прискорень, що виникають у вершині та на бокових сторонах тунельного шляхопроводу при проїзді пасажирського та вантажного рухомого складу залізничного транспорту. Максимальна величина прискорень, що виникають у вершині тунельного шляхопроводу при проїзді вантажного поїзду склала 7,99 м/с2, а при проїзді пасажирського поїзду – 6,21 м/с2, а максимальні прискорення, які виникають на бокових сторонах становили 2,63 м/с2 та 1,77 м/с2. Встановлено, що максимальні деформації металевих гофрованих конструкцій вершини тунельного шляхопроводу, при проїзді вантажного та пасажирського поїздів становлять, відповідно, 1,63 мм та 1,11 мм. Максимальні деформації металевих гофрованих конструкцій на бокових сторонах шляхопроводу становлять 1,07 мм та 0,48 мм. Отримано величину відносних деформацій вертикального та горизонтального розмірів конструкцій тунельного шляхопроводу при дії динамічних навантажень від рухомого складу залізниці. Відносні вертикальні деформації шляхопроводу склали 0,020 %, а горизонтальні – 0,012 %. Практичне значення роботи полягає у тому, що за допомогою розробленої методики вимірювання прискорень можна проводити оцінку деформованого стану металевих гофрованих конструкцій при дії динамічних навантажень від рухомого складу залізниц

The micronutrient profile of medicinal plant extracts

Medicinal plants contain biologically active substances that have a physiological effect on the human body. In the territory of Ukraine, 15 of the most important medicinal plants grow from a medical point of view, among which are Melissa officinalis L and Сalendula officinalis. Micronutrients are necessary for the body in small quantities, not being a source of energy, they take part in their assimilation, as well as in the regulation of various functions and the implementation of the processes of growth and development of the human body. The study aims to establish the micronutrient profile of extracts and infusions from medicinal raw materials – Сalendula officinalis and Melissa officinalis. The established micronutrient profile includes data on the content of such macro- and microelements as calcium, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, and copper in extracts and infusions from Melissa officinalis L officinalis L and Сalendula officinalis. Sodium predominates from certain macronutrients, the superiority of which is manifested in Сalendula officinalis when infused. A large amount of calcium also passes into the aqueous-alcoholic infusion from Сalendula officinalis. Copper and zinc prevail among the determined microelements in water extracts of Сalendula officinalis. Comparing the results obtained, we can say in the affirmative about the micro- and macro elements that have passed into extracts that Сalendula officinalis is richer in these substances. Because infusions and extracts are recommended to be added as an additional ingredient to vegetable and fruit juices, their positive infusion on the human body will increase the recommended daily requirement of potassium and sodium. Based on the results of this study, extracts and infusions of Melissa officinalis L and Сalendula officinalis can be considered as an essential source of micronutrients for enriching fruit and vegetable juices in canned food for health purpose

Levels of DNA methylation vary at CpG sites across the BRCA1 promoter, and differ according to triple negative and "BRCA-like" status, in both blood and tumour DNA

Triple negative breast cancer is typically an aggressive and difficult to treat subtype. It is often associated with loss of function of the BRCA1 gene, either through mutation, loss of heterozygosity or methylation. This study aimed to measure methylation of the BRCA1 gene promoter at individual CpG sites in blood, tumour and normal breast tissue, to assess whether levels were correlated between different tissues, and with triple negative receptor status, histopathological scoring for BRCA-like features and BRCA1 protein expression. Blood DNA methylation levels were significantly correlated with tumour methylation at 9 of 11 CpG sites examined (p<0.0007). The levels of tumour DNA methylation were significantly higher in triple negative tumours, and in tumours with high BRCA-like histopathological scores (10 of 11 CpG sites; p<0.01 and p<0.007 respectively). Similar results were observed in blood DNA (6 of 11 CpG sites; p<0.03 and 7 of 11 CpG sites; p<0.02 respectively). This study provides insight into the pattern of CpG methylation across the BRCA1 promoter, and supports previous studies suggesting that tumours with BRCA1 promoter methylation have similar features to those with BRCA1 mutations, and therefore may be suitable for the same targeted therapies

Повышение эффективности ведения рыночного хозяйства по показателям надежности

Баль, О. М. Підвищення ефективності ведення рейкового господарства за показниками надійності : автореф. дис…. канд. техн. наук: 05.22.06 / О. М. Баль ; Дніпропетр. нац. ун-т залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна. — Дніпропетровськ, 2008. — 21 с. Захист — 13 березня 2008 р.UK: Виконана комплексна оцінка впливу експлуатаційних факторів на інтенсивність відмов рейок у колії, розроблена методика визначення зазначеної величини, на основі моделі відмов рейок за дефектами контактно-втомленого і втомленого характеру для дослідження оціночних критеріїв міцності рейок, проведених експериментів і теоретичних досліджень.RU: Выполнена комплексная оценка влияния эксплуатационных факторов на интенсивность отказов рельсов в пути, разработана методика определения указанной величины, на основе модели отказов рельсов по дефектам контактно-уставшего и уставшего характера для исследования оценочных критериев прочности рельсов, проведенных экспериментов и теоретических исследований

Forecasting the sale price of pork in agricultural enterprises

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to build and analyze an econometrical model to establish correlational relationships between the main factors influencing the price of pork sales. Methodology / approach. In the research process, general scientific and special research methods were used, namely: monographic – to detail the functioning of the pork market; comparative – for comparing indicators and identifying trends in their change over time; statistical – for studying processes, actual data, identifying trends and regularities in the development of the pork market; tabular – for a visual representation of the obtained results; graphic – to illustrate the trends of the studied economic phenomena; correlation and regression analysis – to determine the influence of the main factors on the selling price of pork and forecasting the selling price of products; abstract and logical – for formulating conclusions and research results. The information base of the study is the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and 100 agricultural enterprises of the Cherkasy region that are engaged in the production of pork. Results. With the help of regression analysis, the dependence between the factors affecting the selling price of pork was determined, the quantitative assessment of the parameters and their statistical reliability was carried out. The obtained results made it possible to draw reasonable conclusions about the current state of the process and its development in the future. A quantitative assessment of the dependence of the retail price of pork on the income of the population in the regions of Ukraine was carried out. The main results of the study can be used to predict performance characteristics based on actual, random and calculated factors. The developed econometrical model of forecasting and planning the selling price of pork will contribute to the improvement of the system of forming production plans for the short-term period and will make it possible to increase the company’s income. Originality / scientific novelty. In order to determine the forecast prices of pork sales and reduce their variability, it is substantiated the importance of using multiple correlation analysis to assess the interdependencies between statistical features and identify factors of direct or indirect influence on the price level. The results of the econometrical model are the basis for forecasting the sale price of pork, taking into account such factors as the number of animals and the average weight of one sold head, the increase of which will increase the profitability of the enterprise. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the obtained research results lies in the use of correlation and regression analysis as a flexible tool for determining the quantitative expression of relationships between the factor characteristic and independent variables. The results of the study can be useful for pork producers to better understand their current state, to be able to manage the ongoing events, and to more accurately predict the future state

Дослідження міцності металевих гофрованих конcтрукцій залізничної колії

The analysis of the main defects of metal corrugated culverts of the railway, which arise as a result of operation, was conducted, and the problems of providing their durability and strength were highlighted. The problems of adaptation of foreign regulations for designing metal corrugated structures at Ukrainian railways and motor roads were analyzed, the results of experimental and theoretical calculations of bearing capacity of metal corrugated structures were presented.The MCS strength at boundary loading with the railway rolling stock was analyzed by the indicator of influence of corrugation (corrugation dimensions) and the characteristics of soils on their stressed–strained state. Calculation of equivalent forces was performed by the procedure of calculation of railway strength and stability using the finite-element method. The numerical calculation of the stressed–strained state of the MCS was obtained using the licensed software FEMAP with MSC NASTRAN. An analysis of multi-choice calculations of the strength of MCS, made of corrugated structure Multiplate MR150 with thickness of a corrugated sheet of 6 mm, with dimensions of corrugation waves of 150x50 mm, showed that its bearing capacity is provided at degrees of compaction of soil backfill from 0.9 to 1.0.Based on the obtained data, it was found that the direct cause of occurrence of residual deformation of metal corrugated pipe may be an increase in stresses in metal sheets of the pipe up to the values that exceed permissible stresses and as a result of local initiation of a plastic hinge. The condition of initiation of a plastic hinge, which takes place in the MCS arch, holds only if there is adverse simultaneous influence of two factors (causes): letting inequalities develop beyond permissible values without taking measures for its elimination and a decrease in the degree of compaction of backfill soil below 90 % (the second cause). In the absence of one of the causes, a plastic hinge might not emerge. In the joint effect of both causes, the first cause, the impact share of which is 42 %, prevails, whereas the share of the second cause is 22 %.The obtained results of the MCS bearing capacity are needed for optimal MCS designing, establishing causes of defect emergence, timely making relevant engineering decisions in order to increase the MCS bearing capacity and reasonable use of funds for the construction or reconstruction of existing transport facilities with the use of metal corrugated pipes. The results of the study may be used by engineers of Bridge testing stations of Ukrrailway and Ukravtodor and by designing organisations involved in designing metal corrugated structures of large diameters.Приведены основные дефекты металлических гофрированных водопропускных труб, возникающие вследствие эксплуатации, и освещены проблемы обеспечения их долговечности. Проанализированы проблемы адаптации иностранных нормативных документов по проектированию металлических гофрированных конструкций на железных и автомобильных дорогах Украины. Приведены результаты экспериментальных и теоретических расчетов несущей способности металлических гофрированных конструкцийНаведено основні дефекти металевих гофрованих водопропускних труб, які виникають внаслідок експлуатації та висвітлено проблеми забезпечення їх довговічності та міцності. Проаналізовано проблеми адаптації закордонних нормативних документів щодо проектування металевих гофрованих конструкцій на залізничних та автомобільних дорогах України. Наведено результати експериментальних та теоретичних розрахунків несучої здатності металевих гофрованих конструкці

Influence of starter cultures on microbiological and physical-chemical parameters of dry-cured products

Using the antagonistic competitive interaction of the microbiological cultures has become one of the potential and modern ways to improve the quality of dry-cured meat products. These studies aim to substantiate the use of the starter cultures for producing fermented pork meat products. The studies' physicochemical, microbiological, organoleptic, and statistical methods were used for their implementation. Two starter cultures were used on the basis of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. rhamnosus and Kocuria rosea (SC 1); Staphylococcus carnosus, L. plantarum, L. Rhamnosus and L. paracasei (SC 2). The dynamics of microbiota development, the dynamics of acidity, the content of sodium nitrite, parameters of water activity, the dynamics of moisture changes, the content of nitrogen-containing substances, the accumulation of free cyclic and acyclic amino acids, as well as the organoleptic characteristics were studied. It had been established that the undesirable microflora is suppressed due to the active development of the starter cultures in fermented meat products. The study results confirm that using the starter cultures while producing the dry-cured meat contributes to their dehydration and reduction of the parameters of water activity.  Based on the tasting results, the samples with the addition of the compositions of the starter cultures received a total score higher than the control sample, in particular, they had a beautiful appearance, a cut of red color, an elastic consistency, a delectable flavor with a characteristic sour after-taste. The use of the starter culture based on the combination of Staphylococcus carnosus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, and L. paracasei (SC 2) for the dry-cured meat products to be produced activates the microbiological processes, which improves the structural-mechanical properties of the meat product, increases the water-binding power and, as a whole, positively influences on the quality of the finished product. It has been shown that the use of the drugs SC 2 and SC 1, when the dry-cured pork balyks are produced, decreases the duration of the technological cycle by 3-4 days, as well as ensures a high degree of sanitary and epidemic safety of the finished product: the absence of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, the low residual content of sodium nitrite of up to 0.003%

Development of a Promising System for Diagnosing the Frogs of Railroad Switches Using the Transverse Profile Measurement Method

We have developed a system for diagnosing the frogs of railroad switches, based on the application of modern microcontrollers of the type ESP with high technical characteristics and the simultaneous use of the information technology IoT (Internet of Things). The proposed system has advantages over mechanical systems in terms of the accuracy of data, their operational processing and submission to user in order to analyze technical condition of frogs at railroad switches. The results of measuring the transverse profile of frogs at railroad switches make it possible to take scientifically-substantiated decisions regarding the need for recovery repair of frogs by the method of surfacing and for control over gradual decrease in their carrying capacity, for establishing their actual technical condition and residual resource.We carried out experimental-theoretical research into longitudinal profile of frogs at railroad switches laid on the reinforced concrete bars. It was established as a result that after passing 50–65 million tons of cargo (that corresponds to the medium degree of wear) the trajectory takes the shape of a bump. We observe sharp hollows on the reinforced concrete base in the zone where a wheel rolls from a rail wing onto the core, characterized by significant total inclination. Subsequently, when the passed cargo increases, the number of sinusoidal irregularities grows. At wear close to maximal (80–95 million tons passed), the percentage of unfavorable trajectories (sinusoidal and hollows) grows; at low wear, they make up 49.8 %, at a wear of 5–6 mm and larger – 88.3 %. Sometimes there is a transformation of the sinusoidal irregularities into the wave-shaped ones.We have established characteristic motion trajectories of the center of mass of the wheel over the frog depending on the wear of rail wings and the core of a frog and the passed cargo. A mathematical model was constructed for predicting the wear of frog profile depending on the total weight of passed cargo