Encouraging Emotional Conversations in Children With Complex Communication Needs : An Observational Case Study

Ajuts: A research grant by the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, reference: 692379-440601) to GR-R supported this study.Children with complex communication needs (CCN) regularly have barriers to express and discuss emotions, and have fewer opportunities to participate in emotional conversations. The study explores and analyzes the changes after a training program focused on offering an interactive home learning environment that encouraged and modeled emotion-related conversations between a parent and a child with CCN within storybook-reading contexts. An observational design (nomothetic/follow-up/multidimensional) was used to explore and analyze the changes in the communicative interaction around emotions between mother-child. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies were used to provide the child access to emotion-related vocabulary. The training program resulted in the mother providing more opportunities to engage her child in emotional conversations, suggesting that when opportunities and resources to talk about emotions were promoted, the child showed more engagement in emotion-related conversations using his AAC system. The mother-child communicative patterns and behavioral relationships observed during the phases are also presented. This case study illustrates the importance of a primary communication partners' role in facilitating emotional conversations, and the promising efficacy of a training program implemented in a storybook interactive learning environment to promote conversations about emotion-related events while encouraging children with CCN to learn, explore, express, and discuss emotions

Effects of the PowerPoint methodology on content learning

Purpose: This study focuses on whether the use of PowerPoint technology as the main resource to convey information has an effect on students' learning compared with classes taught without this technology. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consisted of 205 psychology students, divided into four groups, who were taught an ordinary Educational Psychology lesson. In two of these groups, a PowerPoint presentation (19 slides) was used to deliver the contents, while in the other two the same contents were delivered by the professors with the only aid of the blackboard. After the lesson, students' learning was assessed by means of a questionnaire consisting of ten multiple-choice items. Findings: Results showed significant differences (p < 0.000), with the scores of the groups without PowerPoint an average of 19% higher than the groups with PowerPoint. Originality/value: The use of technology can have a very positive influence on learning, provided that its use fits the circumstances inherent in learning Objeto: Este estudio se centra en los efectos del PowerPoint como medio principal de transmisión de contenidos en el aprendizaje del alumnado, comparándolos con el aprendizaje obtenido a partir de clases en las que no se usa esta tecnología.Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Se utilizó una muestra de 205 estudiantes de Psicología, repartidos en cuatro grupos, tomando como situación de aprendizaje una de las clases ordinarias de la materia de Psicología de la Educación. En dos de estos grupos se utilizó una presentación de 19 diapositivas PowerPoint para presentar los contenidos, mientras que en los otros dos grupos estos mismos contenidos fueron presentados por los profesores, con la única ayuda de la pizarra. Después de la clase, los asistentes fueron evaluados mediante un cuestionario de diez preguntas de elección múltiple. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativa (p < .000), siendo las puntuaciones medias de los grupos sin PowerPoint un 19% superiores a las de los grupos que recibieron la clase con esta tecnología. Originalidad/valor añadido: El uso de la tecnología puede tener una influencia muy positiva en el aprendizaje; siempre que su uso se ajuste a las circunstancias inherentes del mism

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Las percepciones de profesores y alumnos de ESO sobre la intervención en el comportamiento disruptivo: un estudio comparativo de los IES y escuelas de enseñanza secundaria de la comarca del bages

La presente investigación pretende reflejar algo en lo que hasta ahora ha sido más objeto de elucubración que de estudio científico. Los datos aquí reflejados se refieren a juicios subjetivos de alumnos y profesores de secundaria obligatoria, sobre cómo perciben ellos la aplicación de estrategias para frenar los comportamientos disruptivos en el aula.Los juicios partirán de las experiencias anteriores de estos dos colectivos, del hecho de ser miembro de un grupo social determinado, de tener una determinada educación, cultura, de las diferencias en la socialización, creencias religiosas, según el sexo del individuo, etc.En el presente estudio se parte de un enfoque teórico intentando situar cómo han evolucionado las estrategias punitivas a lo largo de la historia. Se ha profundizado sobre las diversas tipologías de estrategias punitivas. También se ha enmarcado la funcionalidad, efectividad, errores en su aplicación y uso y consecuencias de dichas estrategias.Todo ello relacionándolo con las percepciones que profesores y alumnos de ESO tienen del tema en sus propias aulas.Las percepciones de los docentes comparado con las percepciones de los alumnos pueden ser un material de gran utilidad para conducir a la reflexión sobre el tema y palntearnos una vez más la interrupción del comportamienmto molesto como un tema constante en la vida cotidiana de los docentes dentro de la práctica instruccional.The present investigation tries to reflect something in which until now it has been more object of lucubration than of scientific study. The data reflected here talk about in subjective opinions of students and professors of secondary obligatory school, on how they perceive they it application of strategies to restrain the disruptive behaviors in the classroom. The judgments will leave of the previous experiences of these two groups, from the fact of being member of a certain social group, having a certain education, culture, of the differences inthe religious socialization, beliefs, according to the sex of the individual, etc. In the present study part of a theoretical approach trying itself to locate how the punitive strategies throughout history have evolved. It has been deepened on the diverse tipologys of punitive strategies. Also one has framed the functionality, effectiveness, errors in his application and use and consequences of these strategies. All it relating it to the perceptions that professors and students of that have of the subject in their own classrooms. The perceptions of the educational ones compared with the perceptions of the students can be a material very useful to lead to the reflection on the subject and to once again reflect the interruption to us of annoying behavior like a constant subject in the daily life of the educational ones within the instruccional practice

Effects of the PowerPoint methodology on content learning

Purpose: This study focuses on whether the use of PowerPoint technology as the main resource to convey information has an effect on students' learning compared with classes taught without this technology. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consisted of 205 psychology students, divided into four groups, who were taught an ordinary Educational Psychology lesson. In two of these groups, a PowerPoint presentation (19 slides) was used to deliver the contents, while in the other two the same contents were delivered by the professors with the only aid of the blackboard. After the lesson, students' learning was assessed by means of a questionnaire consisting of ten multiple-choice items. Findings: Results showed significant differences (p < 0.000), with the scores of the groups without PowerPoint an average of 19% higher than the groups with PowerPoint. Originality/value: The use of technology can have a very positive influence on learning, provided that its use fits the circumstances inherent in learning Objeto: Este estudio se centra en los efectos del PowerPoint como medio principal de transmisión de contenidos en el aprendizaje del alumnado, comparándolos con el aprendizaje obtenido a partir de clases en las que no se usa esta tecnología.Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Se utilizó una muestra de 205 estudiantes de Psicología, repartidos en cuatro grupos, tomando como situación de aprendizaje una de las clases ordinarias de la materia de Psicología de la Educación. En dos de estos grupos se utilizó una presentación de 19 diapositivas PowerPoint para presentar los contenidos, mientras que en los otros dos grupos estos mismos contenidos fueron presentados por los profesores, con la única ayuda de la pizarra. Después de la clase, los asistentes fueron evaluados mediante un cuestionario de diez preguntas de elección múltiple. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativa (p < .000), siendo las puntuaciones medias de los grupos sin PowerPoint un 19% superiores a las de los grupos que recibieron la clase con esta tecnología. Originalidad/valor añadido: El uso de la tecnología puede tener una influencia muy positiva en el aprendizaje; siempre que su uso se ajuste a las circunstancias inherentes del mism

A cross-national comparison of school students\u27 perceptions regarding high performing peers

This cross-national scenario based study examined fourth-grade students\u27 perceptions of high-performing classmates in terms of their expected intellectual abilities, positive social qualities and popularity among their peers across seven countries. The overall results show that high academic achievements predominantly lead to positive expectations within the peer group. However, pronounced differences were found between the countries. The results indicated that students from Spanish-speaking countries viewed their potential high-performing peers most favorably, followed by students from Australia, the United Kingdom and Germany. The least favorable expectations, but by no means negative attitude, were exhibited by students from the two East-Asian countries Korea and Vietnam. In contrast, the respondents\u27 gender and the gender of the hypothetical successful classmates had less influence on student perceptions of high-performers. These findings have implications for the educational provision of high performing students in different cross-national contexts

Kevin J. Donnely: Pop Music in British Cinema

This study explores how secondary school students perceive high-performing potential classmates. A total of 1,794 seventh- and 10th-grade students from five countries completed a questionnaire measuring their expectations of hypothetical male and female high-performing classmates in three categories: intellectual ability, positive social qualities, and popularity. Across the five countries represented in this study, analyses of variance indicated that students did not report negative attitudes toward the three potential characteristics of a hypothetical gifted peer. Vietnamese students in particular reported more positive observations about the hypothetical classmate than their Australian, Peruvian, South Korean, and Spanish counterparts. Differing cross-national attitudes toward high-performing peers and the implications therein are discussed

Orientaciones motivacionales de los estudiantes de alto rendimiento como mediadoras de una percepción positiva por parte de sus compañeros: resultados de un estudio cros-nacional.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether and in what ways high-achieving school students’ motivational orientations influence their perceptions of a fictitious future high-achieving classmate. The final sample consisted of the 396 highest achieving students out of a sample from 1794 seventh and tenth graders from five countries: Australia, Peru, South Korea, Spain, and Vietnam. A series of stepwise regression models were used to test the hypothesis that positive perceptions of a high-achieving classmate might be mediated by an approach motivation, but not by an avoidance motivational orientation. The hypothesis was generally confirmed. Learning goal orientation and performance approach motivation predicted positive perceptions of a high-achieving classmate’s intellectual ability, social qualities and popularity among peers, whereas a performance avoidance orientation was usually uncorrelated. However, sporadic exceptions have been found among the participants from Vietnam, South Korea, and Peru.El propósito de este estudio es explorar si las motivaciones de alto logro influencian las percepciones de los alumnos sobre un futuro compañero de clase ficticio que se caracteriza por tener un alto rendimiento; y si es así de qué modo ocurre.  La muestra final consistió en 396 alumnos de alto rendimiento que fueron seleccionados de un total de 1794 alumnos de séptimo y decimo grado de cinco países: Australia, Perú, Corea del sur, España y Vietnam.  Se llevaron a cabo una serie de modelos de regresión por pasos sucesivos para probar la hipótesis de que las percepciones positivas sobre un compañero de alto rendimiento podrían estar mediadas por el enfoque motivacional,  pero no por la orientación a la evitación del trabajo. La hipótesis fue confirmada en su generalidad.  Las metas orientadas al manejo del aprendizaje y las orientadas al alto rendimiento   predijeron percepciones positivas de la habilidad intelectual, cualidades sociales y popularidad entre los compañeros del alumno de alto rendimiento, mientras que las metas de evitación del trabajo no obtuvieron correlaciones significativas. Sin embargo, se dieron algunas excepciones esporádicas entre los participantes de Vietnam, Corea del sur y Perú

A cross-cultural study of possible iatrogenic effects of gifted education programs: tenth graders\u27 perceptions of academically high performing classmates

Previous empirical studies have yielded inconclusive results about peer perceptions of academically high performing students. The purpose of this study was to investigate students\u27 perceptions of the intellectual ability, positive social qualities, and popularity of a hypothetical new high performing classmate. Participants were 1060 Vietnamese, South Korean, British, Australian, Peruvian, and Spanish boys and girls in 10th grade. The results revealed that the perceptions of academically high performing classmates differed by country group. Positive perceptions of intellectual ability and social qualities were commonly found in all countries except the two Asian countries (Vietnam and South Korea), where the students reported more neutral views of high performers. In conclusion, it is argued that there is no evidence for possible iatrogenic effects of gifted education programs aiming at high achievement