9,462 research outputs found
Colonialism, Justice and the Rule of Law: A Southern African and Australian Narrative
Colonialism has had a huge impact upon the legal systems of countries around the world. The historical impact of the British Empire can still be felt today in countries as diverse as Australia and South Africa. This effect is explored in both these countries, both in its historical form of racial discrimination, as well as the modern consequences of this colonial past. This article analyses how formal conceptions of the Rule of Law and legal certainty can undermine efforts to achieve justice for past historical wrongs. Examples of this are found in the Aboriginal land rights litigation in Australia, as well as litigation under the Alien Tort Statute in the United States of America
Variational Perturbation Theory for Markov Processes
We develop a convergent variational perturbation theory for conditional
probability densities of Markov processes. The power of the theory is
illustrated by applying it to the diffusion of a particle in an anharmonic
potential.Comment: Author Information under
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html Latest update of
paper also at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/33
Thickness-dependent secondary structure formation of tubelike polymers
By means of sophisticated Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the
conformational phase diagram of a simple model for flexible polymers with
explicit thickness. The thickness constraint, which is introduced geometrically
via the global radius of curvature of a polymer conformation, accounts for the
excluded volume of the polymer and induces cooperative effects supporting the
formation of secondary structures. In our detailed analysis of the temperature
and thickness dependence of the conformational behavior for classes of short
tubelike polymers, we find that known secondary-structure segments like helices
and turns, but also ringlike conformations and stiff rods are dominant
intrinsic topologies governing the phase behavior of such cooperative tubelike
objects. This shows that the thickness constraint is indeed a fundamental
physical parameter that allows for a classification of generic polymer
structures
A Transport Analysis of the BEEM Spectroscopy of Au/Si Schottky Barriers
A systematic transport study of the ballistic electron emission microscopy
(BEEM) of Au/Si(100) and Au/Si(111) Schottky barriers for different thicknesses
of the metal layer and different temperatures is presented. It is shown that
the existing experimental data are compatible with a recently predicted
bandstructure-induced non-forward electron propagation through the Au(111)
layer.Comment: 5 pages, Latex-APS, 1 postscript figure,
http://www.icmm.csic.es/Pandres/pedro.htm. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) (to appear),
HCIS-10 Conf, Berlin 199
Conformational Mechanics of Polymer Adsorption Transitions at Attractive Substrates
Conformational phases of a semiflexible off-lattice homopolymer model near an
attractive substrate are investigated by means of multicanonical computer
simulations. In our polymer-substrate model, nonbonded pairs of monomers as
well as monomers and the substrate interact via attractive van der Waals
forces. To characterize conformational phases of this hybrid system, we analyze
thermal fluctuations of energetic and structural quantities, as well as
adequate docking parameters. Introducing a solvent parameter related to the
strength of the surface attraction, we construct and discuss the
solubility-temperature phase diagram. Apart from the main phases of adsorbed
and desorbed conformations, we identify several other phase transitions such as
the freezing transition between energy-dominated crystalline low-temperature
structures and globular entropy-dominated conformations.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figure
A simple quantum cosmology
A simple and surprisingly realistic model of the origin of the universe can
be developed using the Friedmann equation from general relativity, elementary
quantum mechanics, and the experimental values of h, c, G and the proton mass.
The model assumes there are N space dimensions (with N > 6) and the potential
constraining the radius r of the invisible N -3 compact dimensions varies as
r^4. In this model, the universe has zero total energy and is created from
nothing. There is no initial singularity. If space-time is eleven dimensional,
as required by M theory, the scalar field corresponding to the size of the
compact dimensions inflates the universe by about 26 orders of magnitude (60
e-folds). If the Hubble constant is 65 km/sec Mpc, the energy density of the
scalar field after inflation results in Omega-sub-Lambda = 0.68, in agreement
with recent astrophysical observations.Comment: To be published in General Relativity and Gravitation, August 200
NESTMOD: The NetMod-NEST Interface
NESTMOD is a combined analytical modeling and simulation tool, based on the existing tools NetMod and NEST. It provides both transient and steady-state response statistics from models of interconnected local area networks that can execute at any level of detail desired. This gives users the potential to model both networks of extremely large scope (hundreds of thousands of nodes), and to look at great detail for any combination of the ISO layers. This paper describes the interface implementation, and presents an example to illustrate the potential power of the tool.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107970/1/citi-tr-91-7.pd
Produção de celulases em farelos de trigo e arroz e grão de trigo por Lentinula edodes.
Editores técnicos: Marcílio José Thomazini, Elenice Fritzsons, Patrícia Raquel Silva, Guilherme Schnell e Schuhli, Denise Jeton Cardoso, Luziane Franciscon. EVINCI. Resumos
Okuläre Pulsamplitude als biometrischer Messwert in der Glaukomdiagnostik
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die dynamische Konturtonometrie (DCT) ermöglicht direkte transkorneale Messungen des Augeninnendrucks und der okulären Pulsamplitude (OPA). Ziel dieser Studie war es, herauszufinden, ob die OPA als biometrischer Messwert Aussagen über verschiedene Glaukomformen erlaubt. Patienten und Methoden: Es wurden 441 Augen von 222Patienten in die Studie aufgenommen. Zur Druckmessung dienten die DCT und ein Applanationstonometer nach Goldmann. Ergebnisse: Die mittlere OPA betrug 3,1±1,4mmHg. Augen mit okulärer Hypertension (3,6±1,3mmHg) zeigten signifikant höhere Werte als gesunde Augen (3,1±1,4mmHg) und solche mit Niederdruckglaukom (2,9±1,4mmHg). Nach erfolgreicher Trabekulektomie wurden signifikant tiefere Werte (2,4±1,3mmHg) als bei Gesunden gemessen. Schlussfolgerung: Die OPA scheint diverse Formen des Glaukoms zu charakterisieren, könnte aber auch direkt von der Höhe des Augendrucks abhängen. Es muss weiter abgeklärt werden, ob sie einen prädiktiven Faktor in der Diagnose und der Verlaufsbeurteilung des Glaukoms darstell
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