El mezcal en Sonora, México, más que una bebida espirituosa. Etnobotánica de Agave angustifolia Haw

¿Cómo sería la vida de los sonorenses sin el mezcal? La interrogante guía el propósito general del trabajo, orientado a identificar la importancia que tradicionalmente ha revestido el Agave angustifolia en la vida cotidiana de los sonorenses. En su mayor parte, los estudios existentes en Sonora en torno a esta especie se enfocan, básicamente, en su uso para la elaboración industrial del licor, popularmente conocido como bacanora. La investigación pretende contribuir, en alguna medida, al mayor conocimiento del valor biológico y cultural de la planta. Con ese objetivo se recurre a la etnobotánica para obtener una mirada más completa de las formas en las que los hombres y mujeres se han relacionado con el agave. La región de estudio comprende dos zonas mezcaleras: la sierra orien-te, donde la mayor parte de la población es mestiza, y la zona sur, donde los grupos indígenas Mayo y Guarijío cohabitan con mestizos. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a diversos pobladores, así como a investigadores y otros estudiosos de la planta. Se consultaron las fuentes históricas disponibles. Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias regionales en los usos del agave y técnicas de preparación, determinadas por un número de factores estrechamente vinculados con el grupo étnico de los pobladores y su historia

Autocuidado y control glucémico en adultos mayores con diabetes tipo 2

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermería) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Formative assesment in the classroom: Discursive analysis of the feedback activity in supervised practice of undergraduate educational psychologists

Este es un estudio discursivo sobre las evaluaciones formativas ocurridas en una actividad de retroalimentación como parte de la Práctica Supervisada de estudiantes de psicología educativa en una universidad pública de México (UNAM). Aunque se ha reconocido el valor que tiene la formación en la práctica de los psicólogos, hay pocos estudios que muestren cómo ocurren las prácticas de evaluación formativa en el aula. Debido a ello, nuestro objetivo es analizar los procesos de trabajo interaccional involucrados en una actividad de retroalimentación, cuando los estudiantes se convierten en evaluadores de la competencia o habilidades psico-educativas, en modalidades de la evaluación formativa como (a) la coevaluación, (b) la evaluación entre pares y (c) la autoevaluación. Para ello, analizaremos diversos episodios interaccionales que ocurren en el aula, después que ha ocurrido una primera sesión de orientación psico-educativa en una cámara de Gesell, y los participantes (maestra, pasante y estudiantes) se reúnen y evalúan la competencia profesional de una estudiante que fungió como psicóloga a cargo del caso. Para orientar el análisis, se recurre a un enfoque analítico discursivo, informado por la etnometodología y el análisis de la conversación, que permite examinar, momento a momento, las evaluaciones formativas sobre el trabajo de la psicóloga y los distintos posicionamientos que se hacen públicos alrededor de su desempeño. Los resultados muestran que en esta práctica supervisada se construye colectivamente una evaluación formativa en la que tanto la estudiante psicóloga encargada del caso como el pasante y el resto de las estudiantes que observaron y participaron en la evaluación tienen oportunidad de mejorar su desempeño profesional a través de la interacción discursiva que se desarrolla en el proceso. Esto permite reconocer la importancia de este tipo de análisis para estudiar la evaluación de las prácticas supervisadas y su valor formativo en situaciones realesThis is a discursive study of the formative assessments as feedback activities that take place as part of the Supervised Practice of undergraduate educational psychologists at a Mexican public university (UNAM). The formative practice of undergraduate psychologists has been recognized as very important, however there are few studies that show how are they evaluated as a formative practice at the classroom. Analyze the processes of interactional work involved in a feedback activity, when students become evaluators of competence or psycho-educational skills, in modalities of formative assessment such as (a) co-evaluation, (b) peer evaluation and (c) self-evaluation, is this work purpose. After the first psycho-educative session at the Gesell camera several classroom interactional extracts were analysed, where the participants (the teacher, an intern and undergraduates) evaluate the professional competence of an undergraduate student that work as the psychologist of a particular case. A discursive approach informed by the ethnometodology and the conversation analysis perspective orients the study in order to exam, turn by turn, the formative assessments of the undergraduate psychologists work and the public positions about her performance. The analysis results show the collective construction of the formative assessments of the supervised practice realised by a psychologist student. This psychologist together with a passant are in charge of the case and the rest of the students observe and participate in the assessment of the supervised practice. Through these collective discursive processes, all the participants have the opportunity to improve their professional performance. This results show the important contribution of this kind of analysis in order to describe and recognize the formative contribution of the supervised practices evaluated in real setting

Programación lineal para el análisis y la recreación virtual de episodios históricos: la distribución de la artillería durante el sitio de Bilbao en 1874

[EN] The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer scientists.[ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales ha posibilitado nuevas formas de estudio de los sucesos históricos desde la perspectiva geográfica. Estos métodos se basan en la localización (sobre un espacio que incluye el relieve, las vías de comunicación, los ríos, etc.) y el establecimiento de las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos que intervinieron en dichos sucesos. Una vez que toda esta información ha sido representada en el espacio virtual, es posible recurrir a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el fin de analizar diversos factores como las distancias, la visibilidad, la conectividad, etc. Sin embargo, resulta evidente que el desarrollo de los acontecimientos también estuvo condicionado por las intenciones, las necesidades y las impresiones (tanto correctas como equivocadas) de las personas que intervinieron en ellos; por lo tanto, resulta oportuno pensar que la recreación del desarrollo de los eventos históricos, así como su correcta comprensión, mejorará sustancialmente si se incorpora algún método para simular el razonamiento de los actores. En esta línea, la “programación lineal” es una opción versátil para el modelado y la optimización de sistemas que cuenta con una amplia experiencia en diversos campos como la industria, los transportes, la agricultura, etc. Asimismo, esta técnica de modelado también es aplicable a escenarios históricos con el fin de realizar simulaciones de las dinámicas que se establecieron y como método de validación de las fuentes. En el presente texto, se desarrollan —con base a los informes del frente de guerra— dos modelos relativos a la distribución de suministros durante el sitio de la villa de Bilbao —que tuvo lugar en el contexto de la Tercera Guerra Carlista (1872-1876)— que corresponden a ambas partes (es decir, a los sitiadores y a los sitiados). En los modelos, el escenario se recrea a través de las variables del sistema (las cuales definen las alternativas que pueden tomarse) y las restricciones (que limitan el rango de acción), por otro lado, las metas que guiaron el curso de los acontecimientos se definen mediante el objetivo. A pesar de la simplificación que implica el proceso de modelado, los resultados ofrecen interesantes indicaciones sobre las dinámicas que intervinieron en el desarrollo de los procesos y son capaces de identificar aspectos críticos que, efectivamente, condicionaron los resultados finales. Asimismo, el propio proceso de modelado resulta ser una oportunidad de colaboración entre historiadores y expertos informáticos. The participation of Gorka Martín and Jaione Korro in this research is supported by the Basque Government through grants for doctoral studies of the call 2019-2020. 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Archaeological remote sensing application pre-post war situation of Babylon archaeological site-Iraq. Acta Astronautica, 61(1-6), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.034Liceras-Garrido, R., Favila-Vázquez, M., Bellamy, K., Murrieta-Flores, P., Jiménez Badillo, D., & Martins, B. (2019). Digital Approaches to Historical Archaeology: Exploring the Geographies of 16th Century New Spain. Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.33552/OAJAA.2019.02.000526Llobera, M. (2007). Reconstruction visual landscapes. World Archaeology, 39(1), 51-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240601136496Lock, G., & Pouncett, J. (2017). Spatial thinking in archaeology: Is GIS the answer? Journal of Archaeological Science, 84, 129-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.002Luo, L., Wang, X., & Cai, H. (2014). An Integrated 3S and Historical Materials Analysis of the Keriya Paleoriver, NW China. 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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 17, 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.047Murrieta-Flores, P. (2012). Understanding human movement through spatial technologies. The role of natural areas of transit in the Late Prehistory of South-western Iberia. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 69(1), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2012.12082Peeples, M. A. (2019). Finding a Place for Network in Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research, 27, 451-499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-019-09127-8Prieto, A. J., Ortiz, R., Macías-Bernal, J. M., Chávez, M. J., & Ortiz, P. (2020). Artificial intelligence applied to the preventive conservation of heritage buildings. In P. Ortiz, F. Pinto, P. Verhagen, & A. J. Prieto (Eds.), Science and Digital Technology for Cultural Heritage - Interdisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis, Vulnerability, Risk Assessment and Graphic Information Models. 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Evaluation of technological properties and selection of wild lactic acid bacteria for starter culture development

[EN] Sixty-six lactic acid bacteria strains, isolated from traditional cheeses, were identified by MALDI-TOF technology, characterised through the evaluation of their enzymatic activities (acidifying and proteolytic capacities and carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase and esterase activities) and selected through a scoring system based on activity results in order to select wild strains of technological interest for cheese manufacturing. The strains were identified as Lactococcus lactis (9), Leuconostoc citreum (3), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (2), Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (1), Levilactobacillus brevis (7), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (32), Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum (7) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (5). In general, Lactococcus lactis strains showed the highest degree of acidifying activity, especially in the first hours of fermentation, and extracellular proteolytic activity. In contrast, intracellular activities, assayed from cell-free extracts, were higher in the lactobacilli strains. L. paracasei strains showed the highest level of aminopeptidase activity, while some L. plantarum strains obtained high values of dipeptidase activity. Carboxypeptidase activity was very low or undetectable in many strains, although in others the activity values were exceptionally high. Esterolytic activity was generally low, although L. paracasei strains showed higher activity on short-chain substrates. Finally, 11 strains were selected using the scoring system that could be used in the design of starter cultures and co-cultures.SIUniversidad de Leó

COVID prolongado y actividades de la vida diaria en adultos con enfermedad no transmisible

Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la COVID-19 prolongada en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) en adultos con enfermedad no transmisible (ENT) y diferenciar por severidad de la enfermedad. Métodos: El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal y explicativo en 100 adultos mayores de 50 años, quienes otorgaron vía telefónica su consentimiento verbal para participar en el estudio. Se elaboró un formato para el registro de características sociodemográficas, tipo y número de ENT y presencia de COVID prolongada (secuelas). Para determinar las AVD se utilizó el índice de Barthel, el cual consta de 10 ítems que permiten clasificar el nivel de dependencia para realizar las AVD. El análisis de datos en SPSS v25 incluyó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados. El promedio de edad 63,8 años, el 59% de los participantes eran mujeres; el 50% solo padecía de una ENT. De la COVID-19 prolongada el 52% reportó de 5 a 7 secuelas: 76% refirió fatiga, 51% insomnio, 50% alopecia, dolor de huesos (19%). El 71% presentó una dependencia leve en las AVD. La COVID-19 prolongada explicó el 21,8% de la variación en las AVD (F=28,52, p=0,000). Las personas que requirieron hospitalización, reportaron menor nivel de AVD (p=0,000) que las personas que recibieron tratamiento ambulatorio. Conclusiones: Alta prevalencia de la COVID-19 prolongada, la cual influyó en el nivel de AVD en adultos con ENT

Clinical simulation: didactic methodology in the training of competencies inherent to patient safety

This research aimed to establish the correlation between patient safety and the elements of learning in clinical simulation related to the presence of an AE, in students of the Nursing career of the Juárez University of the State of Durango, during the period between August 2018 and December 2019. A prospective longitudinal, correlational, and quantitative non-experimental study was developed. The entire study population was considered, which was made up of the 98 students from that research context. The mean age of the participants was 19.35 (σ = 1.30), predominantly female with 63.3%. The self-evaluating elements of learning related to the fear of generating an AE predominated (75.50%); while 74.5% considered that they mastered how to act in an emergency. Most of them handled technology well during care (87.80%) and mastered patient safety protocols (74.5%), difficulties related to basic skills in nursing care were detected (67.3%). The greatest success with respect to patient safety resulted in compliance with effective communication protocols, while the most affected was the taking of adequate measures during the administration of medications. Spearman's Rho values allowed to establish a moderate positive correlation significance between patient safety and fear of committing an AE during practical exercise; this one showed a moderate and negative significance with respect to the manifestation of emotional exhaustion.Con el objetivo de establecer la correlación entre la seguridad del paciente y los elementos del aprendizaje en la simulación clínica relativos a la presencia de un EA, en estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, durante el período comprendido entre agosto de 2018 y diciembre de 2019. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental correlacional y longitudinal prospectivo. Se trabajó con la totalidad de la población de estudio, constituida por los 98 alumnos de ese contexto de investigación. La media de la edad de los participantes fue de 19,35 (σ=1.30), predominando el género femenino con 63,3%. Los elementos autovalorativos del aprendizaje relativos al temor a generar un EA predominaron (75,50%); mientras que, un 74,5% consideró que dominaba cómo actuar ante una situación de emergencia. La mayoría manejó bien la tecnología durante el cuidado (87,80%) y manejaba adecuadamente los protocolos de seguridad del paciente (74,5%), se detectaron dificultades relativas a las competencias básicas en el cuidado de enfermería (67,3%). El mayor acierto con respecto a la seguridad del paciente resultó el cumplimiento de los protocolos de comunicación efectiva; mientras que, la más afectada fue la toma de medidas adecuadas durante la administración de medicamentos. Los valores de Rho de Spearman permitieron establecer una correlación significativa, positiva moderada entre la seguridad del paciente y el temor a cometer un EA durante el ejercicio práctico; la que resultó significativa, moderada y negativa con respecto a la manifestación de agotamiento emocional.

Characteristics and proteolysis of a Spanish blue cheese made with raw or pasteurised milk

[EN] Valdeón cheese is a Spanish Protected Geographical Indication of blue-veined cheese produced on an industrial scale from raw or pasteurised cow and/or goat milk. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of pasteurisation on the microbiological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of cheese. Cheeses made with raw milk showed higher counts of lactobacilli and enterococci, as well as lower values of pH and D-lactic acid and salt/moisture ratio. Cheeses made with pasteurised milk showed greater extent of proteolysis, higher concentration of free amino acids and lower concentration of biogenic amines. Pasteurisation produced more elastic and harder cheeses, but with a lower sensory profileSIJunta de Castilla y Leó

Study of the Technological Properties of Pedrosillano Chickpea Aquafaba and Its Application in the Production of Egg-Free Baked Meringues

[EN] Aquafaba is a by-product derived from legume processing. The aim of this study was to assess the compositional differences and the culinary properties of Pedrosillano chickpea aquafaba prepared with different cooking liquids (water, vegetable broth, meat broth and the covering liquid of canned chickpeas) and to evaluate the sensory characteristics of French-baked meringues made with the different aquafaba samples, using egg white as a control. The content of total solids, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates of the aquafaba samples were quantified. Foaming and emulsifying capacities, as well as the foam and emulsions stabilities were determined. Instrumental and panel-tester analyses were accomplished to evaluate the sensory characteristics of French-baked meringues. The ingredients added to the cooking liquid and the intensity of the heat treatment affected the aquafaba composition and culinary properties. All types of aquafaba showed good foaming properties and intermediate emulsifying capacities; however, the commercial canned chickpea’s aquafaba was the most similar to egg white. The aquafaba meringues showed less alveoli, greater hardness and fracturability and minimal color changes after baking compared with egg white meringues; the meat and vegetable broth’s aquafaba meringues were the lowest rated by the panel-tester and those prepared with canned aquafaba were the highest scored in the sensory analysisSIThis research received no external fundin

Asymmetric propionate aldol reactions of a chiral lithium enolate accessible from direct enolization with n-butyllithium

The presented lithium enolate-based methodology is suitable for access to propionate syn-aldol motifs with high levels of stereocontrol. The reactive lithium enolate species is generated by direct treatment of a camphor-based chiral ethyl ketone with butyllithium, and is subsequently submitted to aldolization with a broad variety of aldehydes. The product aldols are obtained in uniformly high yields and high d.r. values (ranging from 91:9 to >98:2) irrespective of the aliphatic (both linear and branched chain), α,β-unsaturated, aromatic, or hetero-aromatic nature of the aldehyde employed. The crystallinity of most of the obtained adducts offers an easy access to almost 100% isomerically pure products upon a single recrystallisation. The auxiliary (1R)- (+)-camphor can be removed easily from the adducts for reuse, thereby producing the corresponding syn propionate aldols. This technology is implemented in the synthesis of a key subunit of the multi-drug resistance reversing agent hapalosin.This work was finantially supported by the Universidad del País Vasco, Gobierno Vasco, and by MEC. Grants to M. C. G.-R. from Gobierno Vasco and to P. B. from MEC are acknowledged