Cotidianidad en el Caribe colonial, 1590-1620

The correspondence between Spanish Crown officials in the Antilles and the Court at the turn of the seventeenth century contains valuable references to everyday events and specific characteristics of settlers in what would come to be known as the Caribbean Basin. Local customs, habits or daily activities were sometimes included in reports on events of relevance to government. While issued from an official point of view, such references help us discover distinctive traits of everyday life in the Caribbean. Other aspects can be gleaned from letters written by individuals, most of which are seeking alms. This essay highlights specific aspects of everyday life in the Caribbean reflected in the descriptions provided in correspondence between the King and the Council of the Indies.En la correspondencia oficial de los funcionarios reales de la Corona española a finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII encontramos referencias a situaciones de vida diaria y a particularidades de los habitantes de la región de lo que se conocerá como la Cuenca del Caribe. Las costumbres, actitudes o actividades diarias que se reportaban estaban recogidas en la referencia a algún evento de relevancia para el gobierno del imperio o de la colonia. Aunque se emiten desde un punto de vista oficialista, éstas nos ayudan a descubrir rasgos distintivos de estos pueblos. Otros aspectos de la cotidianidad son reportados por individuos que participaron en ellos, aunque planteados en función de una solicitud de mercedes. Este ensayo recoge algunos de esos aspectos de la vida diaria en el Caribe reflejados en las descripciones recogidas en la correspondencia con el rey y el Consejo de Indias

History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico

Contemporary genetic variation among Latin Americans human groups reflects population migrations shaped by complex historical, social and economic factors. Consequently, admixture patterns may vary by geographic regions ranging from countries to neighborhoods. We examined the geographic variation of admixture across the island of Puerto Rico and the degree to which it could be explained by historic and social events. We analyzed a census-based sample of 642 Puerto Rican individuals that were genotyped for 93 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) to estimate African, European and Native American ancestry. Socioeconomic status (SES) data and geographic location were obtained for each individual. There was significant geographic variation of ancestry across the island. In particular, African ancestry demonstrated a decreasing East to West gradient that was partially explained by historical factors linked to the colonial sugar plantation system. SES also demonstrated a parallel decreasing cline from East to West. However, at a local level, SES and African ancestry were negatively correlated. European ancestry was strongly negatively correlated with African ancestry and therefore showed patterns complementary to African ancestry. By contrast, Native American ancestry showed little variation across the island and across individuals and appears to have played little social role historically. The observed geographic distributions of SES and genetic variation relate to historical social events and mating patterns, and have substantial implications for the design of studies in the recently admixed Puerto Rican population. More generally, our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating social and geographic data with genetics when studying contemporary admixed populations

The Journey to Peace and Healing: Discovering Identity Through Culture, Tradition, and Indigenous Knowledege

An accurate account of U.S. history is that of imperialism and colonization that includes the systematic extermination of indigenous populations, development of capitalism supported by slavery, and the exploitation of labor of oppressed populations, all supported by racist ideologies and practices. These ideologies and practices have been perpetuated and continue to plague the current state of colonized peoples. History has perpetuated itself and colonized peoples remain in a state of siege in which identities have been lost and cultures, traditions, and knowledge appropriated—all contributing to the loss of peace and balance within our lives and communities. This has been my journey in discovering culture and self-determination and reclaiming my identity. In doing so, I explain identity as a process of action and self-reflection that contributes to the discovery of self-healing, peace and balance within our individual selves. This enables us to embark on the lifelong commitment to the struggle for true liberation of our oppressed communities and revolutionary change within the corrupt political, economic, and social structures that maintain our oppression. Artwork, community activism and dance reveal themselves as essential practices that contribute to the discovery of identity and healing processes which Identity(why caps) are the backbone to being able to make this commitment and “walk in beauty.

Intervención del trabajador social en los planteles de educación media en la ciudad de Cartagena

Tesis (Trabajador(a) Social) -- Universidad de Cartagena. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Educación. Programa de Trabajo Social, 1988El presente estudio tiene por objeto determinar del Trabajador Social en los planteles de educación media en la ciudad de Cartagena

Eficacia de la infiltración de ozono paravertebral lumbar y en puntos gatillos como coadyuvante del tratamiento en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico y lumbociatalgia crónica en el síndrome doloroso miofascial aislado o acompañado de otras patologías

Background: After the first episode of low back pain, recurrence persists for a year or more in 25 to 60 %, affecting economically active population, causing disability and 80 % absenteeism. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ozone injection technique with paravertebral lumbar and trigger points along the drug treatment and rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain and sciatica due to chronic pain syndrome myofascial isolated or accompanied other pathologies. Methods: A non-probability, experimental type double-blind controlled. We studied 43 patients (22 experimental and 21 control). The experimental group received lumbar paravertebral ozone trigger points and more drug treatment and rehabilitation. The control group received drug treatment and rehabilitation. Was applied in both groups VAS, Oswestry and measuring the degrees of flexion of the trunk at the beginning, two and four weeks after initiation of therapy. Results: The application of ozone and lumbar paravertebral and trigger points along the drug treatment and rehabilitation in the management of patients with chronic low back pain and sciatica, compared to just drug treatment and rehabilitation, was more effective, with statistical significance (p < 0.05) to decrease the intensity of pain (90.5 %), functional disability (90.5 %) and increased degrees of trunk flexion (85.7 %) versus 40.0, 70 and 75 %, respectively, at four weeks after initiation of treatment. It is evident improvement in patients with MDS or accompanied isolated lateral recess syndrome, facet syndrome, disc herniation varying degrees except the central extrusion. Conclusions: The ozone infiltration paravertebral lumbar and trigger points along the drug treatment and rehabilitation was more effective, to reduce pain and functional disability and increase the degrees of trunk flexion early in patients with chronic low back pain and sciatica due to chronic isolated or accompanied by other conditions that cause back pain.Introducción: Posterior al primer episodio de dolor lumbar, la recurrencia persiste durante un año o más en el 25 al 60 %, afectando a población económicamente activa, causando discapacidad y en 80 % ausentismo laboral. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de eficacia del uso de la técnica de infiltración con ozono paravertebral lumbar y en puntos gatillos junto al tratamiento farmacológico y rehabilitador, en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico y lumbociatalgia crónica debido al síndrome doloroso miofascial (SDM) aislado o acompañado de otras patologías. Métodos: Estudio no probabilístico, de tipo experimental controlado, doble ciego. Se estudiaron 43 pacientes (22 experimental y 21 control). El grupo experimental recibió ozono paravertebral lumbar y en puntos gatillos más tratamiento farmacológico y rehabilitador. El grupo control recibió tratamiento farmacológico y rehabilitador. Se aplicó en ambos grupos la escala de EVA, Oswestry y la medición de los grados de flexión del tronco al inicio, dos y cuatro semanas posterior al comienzo del tratamiento. Resultados: La aplicación de ozono paravertebral lumbar y en puntos gatillos, junto al tratamiento farmacológico y rehabilitador, en el manejo de pacientes con dolor lumbar y lumbociatalgia crónica, comparado con solo tratamiento farmacológico y rehabilitador, resultó ser más eficaz, con significancia estadística (p < 0,05) para disminuir la intensidad del dolor (90,5 %), la incapacidad funcional (90,5 %), y aumentó los grados de flexión del tronco (85,7 % versus 40,0, 70 y 75 %) respectivamente, a las cuatro semanas posteriores al inicio del tratamiento. Se evidencia mejoría en pacientes con SDM aislado o acompañado de síndrome de receso lateral, síndrome facetario, grados variables de hernia discal excepto la extrusión central. Conclusiones: La infiltración de ozono paravertebral lumbar y en puntos gatillos junto al tratamiento farmacológico y rehabilitador resultó ser más eficaz, para disminuir el dolor e incapacidad funcional y aumentar los grados de flexión del tronco precozmente en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico y lumbociatalgia crónica debido al SDM aislado o acompañado de otras patologías que originan dolor lumbar