18 research outputs found
Modeling of the human upper airway from multimodal 3D dentofacial images
Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
Factor substitution in rice production function: the case of Vietnam
Vietnamese rice production has achieved remarkable success over
the last couple of decades. This is due to land and market
reforms, known as ‘Doi Moi’. There were noticeable changes in
policies, such as land and production systems, which were transformed from a collective to an individual contract system in the
1980s. Vietnam made progress in rice production through the
legalisation of the privatisation of farm properties and a huge
investment in irrigation systems. The country not only ensured its
domestic demand, but also started exporting rice and gradually
became the second largest exporter in the world. An estimate of
the Constant Elasticity of Substitution function (CES) for Vietnam’s
rice production is essential for the government to design effective
policy on agricultural production. This study makes the first
attempt to estimate the nested CES model for Vietnamese rice
production in 2012. The paper finds that the elasticity of substitution of Vietnam’s nested CES model lies between 0.44 and 0.46.
The results indicate the weak substitutability between land and
the capital-labour composite in the nested CES model. This also
suggests that it is impossible to take labour as the substitutable
factor for land and capital
A Large-Scale Study of a Sleep Tracking and Improving Device with Closed-loop and Personalized Real-time Acoustic Stimulation
Various intervention therapies ranging from pharmaceutical to hi-tech
tailored solutions have been available to treat difficulty in falling asleep
commonly caused by insomnia in modern life. However, current techniques largely
remain ill-suited, ineffective, and unreliable due to their lack of precise
real-time sleep tracking, in-time feedback on the therapies, an ability to keep
people asleep during the night, and a large-scale effectiveness evaluation.
Here, we introduce a novel sleep aid system, called Earable, that can
continuously sense multiple head-based physiological signals and simultaneously
enable closed-loop auditory stimulation to entrain brain activities in time for
effective sleep promotion. We develop the system in a lightweight, comfortable,
and user-friendly headband with a comprehensive set of algorithms and dedicated
own-designed audio stimuli. We conducted multiple protocols from 883 sleep
studies on 377 subjects (241 women, 119 men) wearing either a gold-standard
device (PSG), Earable, or both concurrently. We demonstrate that our system
achieves (1) a strong correlation (0.89 +/- 0.03) between the physiological
signals acquired by Earable and those from the gold-standard PSG, (2) an 87.8
+/- 5.3% agreement on sleep scoring using our automatic real-time sleep staging
algorithm with the consensus scored by three sleep technicians, and (3) a
successful non-pharmacological stimulation alternative to effectively shorten
the duration of sleep falling by 24.1 +/- 0.1 minutes. These results show that
the efficacy of Earable exceeds existing techniques in intentions to promote
fast falling asleep, track sleep state accurately, and achieve high social
acceptance for real-time closed-loop personalized neuromodulation-based home
sleep care.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figure
Studies on antimicrobial activities of endophytic bacteria isolated from Neem tree (Azadirachta indica)
The objective of this study is to isolate endophytic bacteria from Azadirachta indica (neem). We isolated 7 strains of endogenous bacteria from the neem tree. By investing the anti-fungal and antibacterial activities of endophytic bacteria in A. indica by well diffusion agar method, we noticed there was KT2 strain which resisted to Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus (10.67 ± 0.33 mm and 9.67 ± 0.33 mm), KT3 strain showed the inhibitory activity to three human pathogenic fungal (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum), two strains (KT1, KT2) which resisted to C. albicans and T. rubrum. According to Cowan and Steel's manual, the result of biochemical identification showed that the KT2 strain was the Bacillus subtilis species
A comprehensive study on the efficacy of a wearable sleep aid device featuring closed-loop real-time acoustic stimulation
Difficulty falling asleep is one of the typical insomnia symptoms. However, intervention therapies available nowadays, ranging from pharmaceutical to hi-tech tailored solutions, remain ineffective due to their lack of precise real-time sleep tracking, in-time feedback on the therapies, and an ability to keep people asleep during the night. This paper aims to enhance the efficacy of such an intervention by proposing a novel sleep aid system that can sense multiple physiological signals continuously and simultaneously control auditory stimulation to evoke appropriate brain responses for fast sleep promotion. The system, a lightweight, comfortable, and user-friendly headband, employs a comprehensive set of algorithms and dedicated own-designed audio stimuli. Compared to the gold-standard device in 883 sleep studies on 377 subjects, the proposed system achieves (1) a strong correlation (0.89 ± 0.03) between the physiological signals acquired by ours and those from the gold-standard PSG, (2) an 87.8% agreement on automatic sleep scoring with the consensus scored by sleep technicians, and (3) a successful non-pharmacological real-time stimulation to shorten the duration of sleep falling by 24.1 min. Conclusively, our solution exceeds existing ones in promoting fast falling asleep, tracking sleep state accurately, and achieving high social acceptance through a reliable large-scale evaluation
Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries.
BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. RESULTS: We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. INTERPRETATION: There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type
Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries
Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Background
Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population.
Methods
AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921.
Findings
Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months.
Interpretation
Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke
A New Approach of Hybrid Bee Colony Optimized Neural Computing for Estimation of Soil Compression Coefficient for Housing Construction Project
In the design phase of housing projects, predicting the settlement of soil layers beneath the buildings requires the estimation of the coefficient of soil compression. This study proposes a low-cost, fast, and reliable alternative for estimating this soil parameter utilizing a hybrid metaheuristic optimized neural network (NN). An integrated method of artificial bee colony (ABC) and the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm is put forward to train the NN inference model. The model is capable of delivering the response variable of soil compression coefficient a set of physical properties of soil. A large-scale real-life urban project at Hai Phong city (Vietnam) was selected as a case study. Accordingly, a dataset of 441 samples with their corresponding testing values of the compression coefficient has been collected and prepared during the construction phase. Experimental outcomes confirm that the proposed NN model with the hybrid ABC-LM training algorithm has attained the highly accurate estimation of the soil compression coefficient with root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.008, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 10.180%, and coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.864. Thus, the proposed machine learning method can be a promising tool for geotechnical engineers in the design phase of housing projects