Novos registros e ampliação da distribuição geográfica de aranhas (Arachnida: Araneae) no Estado da Bahia

This paper reported four new species of spiders in the city of Lafaiete Coutinho, Bahia, Brazil, from a sample of 87 species collected with pitfall traps in fragments of caatinga and mata de cipó. In the samples, Alpaida xavantina Levi, 1988 and Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891) have been detected, which are new records for Bahia, increasing to 306 the number of species in this state. Attacobius carranca Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2005 and Otiothops atlanticus Platnick Grismado & Ramírez, 1999 have been registered for the municipal areas, which occurrence extends the geographical distribution of these species in the state of Bahia, since they were recorded only to Barreiras, Ilhéus, Itabuna, and Una.Neste trabalho são registradas quatro espécies inéditas de aranhas no município de Lafaiete Coutinho, Bahia, Brasil, de uma amostra de 87 espécies coletadas com armadilhas de solo em fragmentos de caatinga e mata de cipó. Foram detectadas entre as amostras Alpaida xavantina Levi, 1988 e Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891), que constituem registros novos para Bahia, elevando para 306 espécies o elenco de aranhas nesse estado. São registradas para as áreas do município as espécies Attacobius carranca Bonaldo & Brescovit, 2005 e Otiothops atlanticus Platnick, Grismado & Ramírez, 1999, cuja ocorrência amplia a distribuição geográfica das espécies no estado da Bahia, onde eram conhecidas apenas em Barreiras, Ilhéus, Itabuna e Una

Scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) at elevated altitudes of an area of conservation in the Caatinga

This study aims to report the diversity of scorpions at elevated altitudes in the Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens (PESP), in an area of conservation located in the Chapada Diamantina within the Caatinga domain in north-eastern Brazil. Data collection occurred in December 2016 and December 2017, through the use of pitfall traps and nocturnal manual collection with the help of ultraviolet torches. 86 individuals were collected, pertaining to nine species, grouped into two families. The Bothriuridae represented 71% of samples, with Bothriurus sp. 1 occurring at all sample altitudes. Whereas, the Buthidae represente 29% of samples, with Ananteris sp, the most represented species, occurring at altitudes of 1,000m and 1,076m and Tityus stigmurus inhabiting areas with extensive human presence. The ample diversity found in the PESP, reveals that this location can be considered representative of the scorpiofauna of Bahia and of the Caatinga, especially due to the lack of data available on scorpions in semi-arid environments

Padrões de diversidade de aranhas em floresta ombrófila mista : variação sazonal, influências da estrutura de microhabitat e de estágios de sucessão florestal

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Mario Antonio Navarro da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Zoologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 27/06/2014Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: ZoologiaResumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a fauna de aranhas de remanescentes de floresta ombrófila mista, buscando detectar as variações sazonais da araneofauna, sua relação com o clima subtropical e com as mudanças no microhabitat ao longo da sucessão florestal. Um inventário em remanescentes florestais nos primeiro e segundo planaltos paranaenses, sul do Brasil, foi realizado em duas etapas através de armadilha de solo (pitfall-trap) e coletas manuais noturnas em quadrículas de 25m². Na primeira etapa foram realizadas coletas em cinco quadrículas por mês, durante doze meses, em um remanescente florestal em estágio avançado/primário de sucessão. Na segunda etapa foram realizadas coletas em vinte quadrículas em nove remanescentes florestais de diferentes idades, concentradas durante a primavera e o verão. Estes remanescentes foram classificados como estágios inicial, médio e avançado, com três réplicas por estágio. Foram coletados os dados de onze descritores de microhabitat das quadrículas. Os dados climáticos regionais foram obtidos através de estações meteorológicas e os dados de microclima, foram obtidos por registradores automáticos instalados dentro das áreas de estudo. Na primeira etapa foram obtidos 3.824 indivíduos e determinadas 204 espécies/morfoespécies divididas em 34 famílias. Na segunda etapa foram obtidos 12.075 indivíduos e determinadas 374 espécies/morfoespécies divididas em 41 famílias. Foram encontradas variações sazonais da abundância de aranhas jovens e adultas, assim como variações na riqueza. A estrutura da assembleia de aranhas esteve correlacionada com variações do clima e do microhabitat. A quantidade de vegetação herbácea e a configuração do dossel podem definir pontos com maior abundância e riqueza de aranhas em escala local, porém em escala de paisagem, a cobertura do dossel e os microclimas mais estáveis estão relacionados às menores abundância e riqueza. O tamanho e idade dos remanescentes influenciaram de forma conjunta a estrutura das assembleias de aranhas, mostrando que características intrínsecas das áreas suplantaram a classificação por estágio. A dissimilaridade taxonômica entre as áreas de estudo reflete complexidade da dinâmica de florestas secundárias e a importância da manutenção das mesmas. O tipo de floresta investigado é um dos mais ameaçados da Mata Atlântica, assim espera-se que o acréscimo de novos dados sobre sua biota sirva como parte das ferramentas necessárias para atribuir valor a este ecossistema, avaliar a perda de sua biodiversidade e delinear estratégias de conservação. Palavras-chave: Floresta Atlântica. Riqueza. Abundância. Microclima. Floresta secundária.Abstract: The aim of the present study was analyze the spider fauna in remnants of mixed ombrophilous forest, or Brazilian pine forest, and investigate seasonal variations and its relations with the subtropical climate and microhabitat structure through the forest succession process. A survey was carried in two phases in forests remnants in the Paraná plateaoux, southern Brazil, using soil traps and nocturnal hand sampling, in 25m² sites. Primarily, the sampling was made monthly in five sites during twelve months, in an late succession stage remnant. Secondly, the sampling was made in twenty sites in nine forest remnants with different ages, during spring and summer. These remnants were grouped as early, medium and late successional stages, with three replicates for stage. Eleven microhabitat descriptors data were collected in the sites. The climate data were obtained in weather stations and the microclimate data were recorded using automatic data loggers inside the study areas. During the first phase 3,824 spiders were captured, comprising 204 species/morfoespecies in 34 families and in the second phase 12.075 spiders were captured, comprising 374 species/morfoespecies in 41 families. Total spider abundance was similar among seasons, but the abundance of juveniles and adults showed variation, with higher number of adults and species in the spring. Spider assemblage structure was correlated with climate and microhabitat variations. The herbaceous vegetation and canopy cover may define sites with higher abundance and richness in a local scale, although in a landscape scale the canopy cover and more stable microclimatic conditions are related with number of individuals and species. The forest patch size and age both have influenced the spider assemblage structure, revealing that the inherent characteristics of the remnants supplanted the classification per succession stage. The taxonomic distinctness among study areas showed the secondary forests dynamic complexity and the importance of preserving these sites. This forest type is one of the most threatened formation of the Atlantic Rainforest, thus new data on its biota can serve as part of the necessary tools to assign value to this ecosystem, evaluate the biodiversity loss and outline conservation strategies. Key-words: Atlantic rainforest. Richness. Abundance. Microclimate. Secondary forest

Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders I : Agelenidae to Filistatidae

Background The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). With the current contribution and the three following papers, we intend to create the first point in time of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world. New information A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 46 species belonging to the famillies alphabetically arranged between Agelenidae and Filistatidae, which encompassed Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Anyphaenidae, Araneidae, Archaeidae, Barychelidae, Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Ctenidae, Ctenizidae, Cyatholipidae, Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae and Filistatidae.Peer reviewe

First record of anelosimus jucundus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (araneae, theridiidae) in the state of Ceara, Brazil

We present the first record for Anelosimus jucundus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 for the state of Ceará, Brazil. We collected 22 individuals in three different ecosystems: (1) Mangrove swamps, (2) Caatinga-type desert vegetation, and (3) Montane semi-deciduous tropical forest. We corrected the misinformation of Levi’s 1963 Ceará record, was actually from the state of Pernambuco. Anelosimus jucundus presents a wide altitudinal distribution, which indicates that this species can tolerate a variety climatic conditions and can colonize a variety of sites with different vegetation155933936CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão temnão temnão temThis study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001 (G.A. Villanueva-Bonilla). We were also financially supported by the Instituto Na-cional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Hymenoptera Para-sitoides (HYMPAR/Sudeste – CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), FUNCAP-BPI proc. BP3- 00139- 00186.01.00/18 (research grants to J.F. Sobczak

Spider assemblage (Arachnida: Araneae) associated with canopies of Vochysia divergens (Vochysiaceae) in the northern region of the Brazilian Pantanal

ABSTRACT This study describes the composition and temporal variation of the spider assemblage (Arachnida: Araneae) associated with canopies of Vochysia divergens Pohl. (Vochysiaceae) in the northern region of the Brazilian Pantanal. Three V. divergens plants were sampled in 2004, at each seasonal period of the northern Pantanal (high water, receding water, dry season and rising water), using thermonebulization of the canopies with insecticide, totaling 396 m2 of sampled canopies. Analysis of abundance and richness of spider families were based on Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Variance Analysis (ANOVA and MANOVA). A total of 7,193 spiders were collected (6,330 immatures; 88.0%; 863 adults, 12.0%) distributed in 30 families. Araneidae (1,676 individuals), Anyphaenidae (1,631 individuals), Salticidae (1,542 individuals) and Pisauridae (906 individuals), were predominant, representing 80.0% of the sample. Ten different guilds were registered: aerial hunters, orb-weavers, nocturnal aerial runners and diurnal space web weavers dominated, sharing most ecological niches. The spider assemblage is affected by changes in the habitat structure, especially by the seasonal hydrological regime and variations in the phenology of V. divergens . The assemblage is composed of different groups of spiders. The dominant taxa and behavioral guilds differ in the different seasonal periods. Spiders were more abundant during the dry and rising water seasons, most likely reflecting a greater supply of potential prey, associated with new foliage and flowering at the canopy. The displacement of soil dwelling spiders to the trunks and canopies before and during the seasonal floods can change the structure and composition of the canopy assemblages. Oonopidae, Gnaphosidae and Caponiidae, were more frequent during the rising and high water seasons, which indicates that these taxa use the canopies of V. divergens as a refuge during the seasonal flooding in the Pantanal

Imperfect and askew: A review of asymmetric genitalia in araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

Bilateral asymmetry in the genitalia is a rare but widely dispersed phenomenon in the animal tree of life. In arthropods, occurrences vary greatly from one group to another and there seems to be no common explanation for all the independent origins. In spiders, genital asymmetry appears to be especially rare. Most known species show almost perfectly symmetrical genitals with the right and left sides being mirror images of each other. However, some examples of asymmetric genitalia have been studied and many other reports are scattered in the taxonomic literature. Based on a broad literature survey, we found several species in thirteen families with evidence of genital asymmetry, mostly expressed only in females. Our review suggests that spider genital asymmetries, although rare, are more common than previously thought and taxonomic descriptions and illustrations are a useful but not entirely reliable tool for studying them. Here we also report on directional asymmetry in the liocranid spider Teutamus politus, the first known case of morphologically asymmetric male genitals in Entelegynae spiders. Generalities, evolution and categorization of asymmetry in spiders are further discussed.Animal science

Aranhas epígeas da restinga da praia do Pântano do Sul, Florianópolis, SC: respostas ao impacto antrópico

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.A ordem Araneae é a segunda maior em número de espécies dentro da classe Arachnida, seguida apenas da ordem Acari, sendo composta por mais de 40 mil espécies conhecidas, distribuídas em 109 famílias, das quais 70 ocorrem no Brasil. As aranhas têm grande importância ecológica, pois são predadoras generalistas em ecossistemas terrestres, contribuindo no controle das populações de insetos e ocasionalmente de pequenos vertebrados. Este trabalho visou realizar um inventário da composição faunística de aranhas epígeas de restinga da Praia do Pântano do Sul, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (27o47’S, 48o30’W), assim como observar a influência da complexidade da vegetação e das interferências antrópicas no local sobre a comunidade de aranhas. Foram realizadas quatro coletas, uma em cada estação do ano, entre julho de 2008 e abril de 2009. Ao longo de 2 km de restinga foram realizadas amostragens em dez pontos com cinco armadilhas de queda de 300 ml, expostas durante uma semana. Os indivíduos adultos foram identificados até o menor nível taxonômico possível, sendo coletados 704 aranhas de 27 famílias, das quais 47% eram juvenis. Dos 373 adultos coletados de 57 espécies, a maioria foi de machos (70%), possivelmente devido ao comportamento de percorrer o solo em busca de fêmeas. As três famílias mais abundantes foram Lycosidae (31,4%), Linyphiidae (21,2%) e Theridiidae (11,9%). Embora não se tenha atingido uma suficiência amostral, os dados mostram que a distribuição temporal das aranhas epígeas não apresenta grandes variações ao longo do ano nem há diferenças significativas quanto à abundância e riqueza de espécies ao longo da restinga. Contudo, a análise da comunidade apresenta uma clara relação com os distúrbios antrópicos, sendo que áreas mais urbanizadas apresentam maior abundância de indivíduos e maior riqueza de espécies, devido principalmente ao aumento da fauna sinantrópica

The spider fauna from Uruguay River islands : understanding its role in a biological corridor

Biological corridors are connections which link habitats in a regional scale, allowing the gene flow between populations. The Uruguay River comprises riverside and insular riparian forests along subtropical to temperate zones passing through different biogeographic provinces. The aim of this study was to characterise the spider fauna from the Uruguay River islands highlighting their connection role for the spider community of riparian forest. Spiders were studied from surveys in a fluvial island of the southern course of the river with nine campaigns being carried out from September 2007 to September 2009. Three complementary collecting methods were used: G-Vac, night hand collecting and pitfall traps. A total of 58 samples were taken in each campaign. A total of 33 families, 145 species/morphospecies and 8 guilds were registered. Theridiidae and space web weavers showed the highest abundance and species richness. Web weavers were predominant in the spider community evidencing the importance of the forest vegetation heterogeneity in spider diversity. Fifteen species have been recorded for the first time for Uruguay. Additional data of previous surveys in the northern islands of the river were analysed and compared. Several species confirm the role of the Uruguay River as a biological corridor from the upper to lower course of the river. The riparian forests from the islands constitute a southernmost intromission of Paranaense biota between Chaco and Pampa regions along the river. The results obtained are an important input for the conservation of these areas. Knowing the biodiversity, as well as its dynamics and the flow of biota that exists in these environments, would allow planning the management from a regional point of view