Small-scale structure and turbulence observed in MAP/WINE)

During MAP/WINE small scale structure and turbulence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere was studied in situ by rocket-borne instruments as well as from the ground by remote sensing techniques. The eight salvoes launched during the campaign resulted in a wealth of information on the dynamical structure of these regions. The experimental results are reviewed and their interpretation is discussed in terms of gravity waves and turbulence. It is shown that eddy diffusion coefficients and turbulent energy dissipation rates may be derived from the in situ measurements in a consistent manner. The observations are also shown to be consistent with the hypothesis that turbulence can be created by a process of gravity wave saturation

Äggstocksaktivitet hos älgar (Alces alces)under älgjaktsperioderna i Jämtland

Älgstammen har stor betydelse för jägares rekreation, turism och som livsmedel. För att älgstammen ska vara en hållbar naturresurs i längden krävs en välfungerande reproduktion. Under hösten 2011 har reproduktionsorgan tillsammans med ytterligare material och data från 90 älghondjur samlats in från Fyringens älgtilldelningsområde i Jämtlands läns. Insamlingen gjordes under två perioder, tre veckor i september (5 - 24/9) samt från 10 oktober till början av november. Uppehållet gjordes under den 2-veckorsperiod, det så kallade ”brunstuppehållet”, (25/9 – 10/10) då jakt ej är tillåtet. Från hondjuren samlade jaktlagen könsorgan samt käkar för åldersbestämning. Jaktlagen bidrog också med information om slaktvikt. Syftet med studien var att undersöka äggstocksaktivitet och det statistiska sambandet med ålder och slaktvikt. Olika delar av könsorganen (äggstockar, livmoder, cervix) och ev. embryon undersöktes med avseende på vikt, längd samt förekomst av specifika strukturer (gulkroppar, folliklar, gulkroppsärr och missbildningar). Skrapprov i cervix gjordes på vissa individer för undersökning av spermieförekomst. Kindtänder från käkhalvorna användes för att åldersbestämma djuren. Resultatet visade att startdatumet för det, enligt lagstiftningen utsatta, jaktuppehållet för brunst var relativt väl anpassat. Ingen individ hade ovulerat innan jaktuppehållet, dvs i september. Av de hondjur som var skjutna i andra insamlingsperioden hade 88,9 % ovulerat (p<0.0001). Brunstperioden var dock ej slut när jakten startade igen i oktober. Detta är baserat på följande: Ett djur (2,8 %) bedömdes vara i brunst men hade ännu inte ovulerat i mitten av oktober. Dräktigheters utvecklingsstadium hos djur som sköts mellan den 29/10 och 6/11 indikerade att befruktning skett efter jaktstarten i oktober (7st, 87.5% dräktiga). Tre djur som skjutits den 14:e och 15:e oktober hade färska gulkroppar, endast någon dag gamla, och två av dessa hade riklig spermieförekomst i cervix, dvs de var nyligen betäckta. Av 24 djur med färsk gulkropp skjutna i andra perioden hade 20 (83 %) spermier i cervix eller var dräktiga, vilket visar att betäckningen inte tycktes störas i större omfattning av att jakten. Det fanns inget signifikant samband (för få individer) mellan 1,5-åringarnas slaktvikt och könsmognad, baserat på om kvigorna hade ovulerat eller ej. Resultatet visade dock att slaktvikten var i medeltal ca 30 kg högre hos de 1,5-åringar som hade ovulerat än de som inte ovulerat. För djur >2,5-år fanns inget samband mellan slaktvikt och ovulation. Ett signifikant samband fanns dock mellan slaktvikt och multipel ovulation (två gulkroppar) för hondjur (både kvigor och kor) >2,5-år (p<0.01) där tyngre individer hade högre frekvens multipel ovulation än lättare individer. Inga älgar bedömdes ha brunstat om. I materialet förekom specifika fall som indikerade på medfödd störning. Ett av hondjuren (3,5 år) hade en dubblering av höger livmoderhorn. En älgko hade en inaktiv vänster äggstock (partiell hypoplasi) men normal höger äggstock. En 3,5-årig kviga hade en två släta äggstockar med histologiskt onormal bild. I livmodern hos detta djur sågs både makroskopiskt och histologiskt onormalt förtjockade kärlväggar. Älgens parningsperiod i Jämtland 2011 startade i slutet av september, dvs under jaktuppehållet men pågick sedan till minst mitten av oktober. Detta baserat på resultat i denna 5 studie, dvs fynd av brunstiga djur med mogen follikel men utan färsk gulkropp, spermier i cervix, färska gulkroppar och dräktigheter. Trots jakt under pågående brunst har en hög andel hondjur blivit betäckta och dräktiga. Enstaka individer har haft missbildningar i reproduktionsorganen, vissa av dessa har påverkat reproduktionenMoose population is very important for hunters recreation, tourism and consumption. For the moose population to be a sustainable natural resource, it requires a well-functioning reproduction. In autumn 2011, the reproductive organs, together with additional material and data from 90 female moose, were collected from Fyringens hunting area in Jämtland. The collection was carried out during two periods, a three week period in September (5th -24th of September) and from the 10th of October until the beginning of November. An intermission was made during the two-week period, the so-called "brunstuppehållet" (25 / 9 - 10/10) when hunting is not allowed. From females, the hunting teams collected reproductive organs and jaws for age determination. The hunting teams also provided information on carcass weight. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ovarian activity and the statistical correlation with age and carcass weight. Different parts of the reproductive organs (ovaries, uterus, cervix) and embryos was examined in terms of weight, height, and the presence of specific structures (corpora lutea, follicles, corpus albicans and malformations). Scrapings from the cervix were made to certain individuals for examination of sperm presence. Molars from jaws was used to determine the age of the animals. The results showed that the start date for the hunting break for oestrus were relatively well adjusted. No individual had ovulated before the hunting break, i.e. in September. Of the females which were shot in the second period, 88.9% had ovulated (p <0.0001). However, the oestrus period was not over when the hunt started again in October. This was based on following: One animal (2.8%) that was determined to be in heat but had not yet ovulated in the middle of October. In animals shot between the 29th of October until the 6th of November (7 were pregnant, 87.5%), the pregnancy stage indicated that conception occurred after the hunt had started in October. Three animals shot during the 14th and 15th October, had fresh corpora lutea, only a few days old, and two of these had abundant sperm presence in the cervix, i.e. they were recently mated. Of 24 animals with fresh corpus luteum, 20 (83 %) had sperm in the cervix or were pregnant, which shows that the mating seemed not to be that disturbed by the hunting. No significance was noted (too few animals) for the relationship between the 1.5-year-olds weight and sexual maturation (measured as ovulation). However, the results showed that the carcass weight was on average about 30 kg more for the 1.5-year olds to ovulate than those who did not ovulate. For animals >2.5-years no correlation was noted between carcass weight and ovulation. A correlation was however, found between weight and multiple ovulation (two corpus lutea) for animals >2,5-years (p<0.01) in which heavier individuals were shown to have multiple ovulation more frequently than lighter individuals. No moose were found to 6 have had a repeated oestrus. In the material, specific cases indicated congenital defects. One of the females (3.5 years) had a duplication of the right uterine horn. One cow had an inactive left ovary (partial hypoplasia) but normal right ovary. A 3.5-year-old heifer had two smooth ovaries one of which had a follicle with abnormally thick follicle wall. The uterus of this animal had blood vessels with greatly thickened walls. The mating season of the moose started in late September and lasted at least until mid-October, based on oestrus, i.e. mature follicle in animals without fresh corpus luteum, sperm in the cervix ,very fresh corpora lutea and pregnancies. In spite of hunting during oestrus, a high proportion of the the animals, became mated and pregnant. A few individuals had malformation in the reproductive organs, which in some animals negatively affected reproduction

The World Needs Nuclear Power

ABSTRAK There was a good deal of talk about energy at the UN General Assembly\u27s Special Session on Sustainable Development in New York last summer, but I must tell you that , speaking for the MEA, I was alone in referring to the potential of nuclear power to help reduce green-house gas emissions. My speech was followed by that of a representative of Green peace who called for - I quote "the beginning of the phase-out of .fossil fuels and their replacement by clean renewable energy which exists in abundance. " He added: "nuclear is not an alternative..." Keywords: Nuclear powe

Environment, Nuclear Energy and Public Perception

The famous Indian nuclear scientist, Dr. Homi Bhabha, coined the expression "no energy is more expensive than no energy". He meant that nothing is grimmer than living without any other energy than that of your own body. For a good life we need energy for cooking, heating, transportation, industrial production, communication, home appliances ... We take our cars. elevators. dish-washers, central heating and computers for granted in the industrialized societies. When we need power, we just plug in. Our energy and especially electricity consumption is big. The US uses some 13,500 kWh per person and year; my own country, Sweden, some 15000. But at the other end of the spectrum we have countries like Chad and Tanzania with less than 100 kWh per person and year. Nothing is more certain - and reasonable - than that countries at the lower end will seek to improve the lives of their people by increasing their energy and electricity consumption. * After-dinner speech delivered on Global Foundation, Inc. Conference on "Environment and Nuclear Enery", Washington DC, 28 Oktober 1997. Artikel ini diambil dari situs www.iaea.or.a

How to Put Tar in the Planet and Keep Feathers on the Eagles: The Best and Worst of the Monthly Planet and Weekly Letters to an Alaskan Editor

Undergraduate Problem Series: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington State College. John Muir helped a Presbyterian minister choose a site near the north end of the world\u27s longest fjord for a mission in the year 1879. The Reverend S. Hall Young declared that Haines Mission would be founded for the benefit of the fierce Tlingit inhabitants. I do not know what benefit the Tlingits have received, but my guess is Haines, Alaska 99827. David Clarke and a group of other fervent environmental professors chose a site near the south end of Western Washington University\u27s campus for a cluster college, in the year 1968. David Clarke declared that Huxley College would be founded for the benefit of dedicated environmentalists in Washington and beyond. I am not sure what benefit the environmentalists have received, but now they\u27ve got The Monthly Planet

SLU Partnership Alnarp: connecting academia, industry and society

The intermediary organisation SLU Partnership Alnarp started in 2004 as a collaborative platform at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). The aim was to strengthen the competitiveness of Swedish agriculture and contribute to excellent research and education at the university. Currently, the intermediary organisation has around 90 partner organisations, ranging from small firms to large businesses and authorities, including those in the forestry industry. The activities carried out are R&amp;D projects that are funded together by the university and partner organisations; meeting places such as seminars, workshops, and field excursions; student thesis projects; and mentorship programmes. The main role is to broker networks, connect people with various backgrounds, and initiate collaborations between SLU, industry, and society

Forsøk på begrensninger av skadevirkninger på rein forårsaket av radioaktivt nedfall

Report of preventing damage on reindeer caused by radioactivity fall out from Chernobyl. Including a short discussion

Knowledge and innovation systems in Swedish horticulture : A study of multi-actor collaboration for impact

The background of this thesis is new directions in international and national politics, the challenges of contemporary innovation systems, and the challenges and potentials in Swedish horticulture. The aim is to investigate how the knowledge and innovation system in Swedish horticulture can be reinforced to meet current and future challenges. The research questions focus on how network facilitation, social learning, and impact orientation can contribute to a reinforced knowledge and innovation system. The frame of reference takes in theories of systems of innovation, and, in particular, agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS). The thesis is also complemented with theories of social processes related to learning and impact. The methods include qualitative case studies in a progression from traditional qualitative research methods towards an action research approach. The results identified processes of network brokering, dialogue, co-agency and inclusion as central to reinforcing the knowledge and innovation system of Swedish horticulture. The findings point to a need to balance a structural interpretation of the horticultural knowledge and innovation system with a process perspective, to actively invite the agency of engaged and entrepreneurial individuals, and to balance the historical ‘supply side innovation’ perspective with a prioritization on the creation of societal impact. These results provide a contribution to the debate around different systems perspectives of the AKIS. They also highlight how changes in everyday work at the micro-level are a precondition for system level change, and how actions at the micro-level have the potential of improving the ability to meet current and future challenges and contribute to societal impact and change

Seventeenth Century Persecution of Sorcery and Witches in the High North

Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110686210-004</a