142 research outputs found
Vers un espace public européen ? Les élections européennes de juin 2004. Résultats et éléments d'analyses
Notre Europe est un groupement indĂ©pendant dâĂ©tudes et de recherches sur lâEurope, son passĂ©, ses civilisations, sa marche vers lâunitĂ© et ses perspectives dâavenir. Lâassociation a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©e par Jacques Delors Ă lâautomne 1996 et est prĂ©sidĂ©e par Pascal Lamy depuis novembre 2004. Elle se compose dâune petite Ă©quipe de chercheurs originaires de divers pays. En tant que laboratoire dâidĂ©es sur la construction europĂ©enne, le groupement souhaite apporter une contribution aux dĂ©bats dâactualitĂ© avec le recul de lâanalyse et la pertinence des propositions (...)
Vers un espace public européen ? Les élections européennes de juin 2004:Résultats et éléments d'analyses
Notre Europe est un groupement indĂ©pendant dâĂ©tudes et de recherches sur lâEurope, son passĂ©, ses civilisations, sa marche vers lâunitĂ© et ses perspectives dâavenir. Lâassociation a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©e par Jacques Delors Ă lâautomne 1996 et est prĂ©sidĂ©e par Pascal Lamy depuis novembre 2004. Elle se compose dâune petite Ă©quipe de chercheurs originaires de divers pays. En tant que laboratoire dâidĂ©es sur la construction europĂ©enne, le groupement souhaite apporter une contribution aux dĂ©bats dâactualitĂ© avec le recul de lâanalyse et la pertinence des propositions (...).Etude commandĂ©e par le groupe Notre Europ
âEurope is our futureâ: Measuring support for European integration as a tridimensional temporal process
Introduction:
On the 2nd of June 1992, a majority of Danish voters said ânoâ to the Maastricht Treaty.
Asked about the same time what they thought of the EC, 56% of Danish people claimed that
membership to the EC was a good thing, 61% approved European Unification and 67%
acknowledged their country benefited from its membership. At the time of the âNo voteâ
relative to the Nice referendum, the Irish were even more euro-enthusiast with 81% claiming
their country membership was a good thing and 83% that it benefited from this membership.
Seven years later, still a majority of French and Dutch people considered their country
membership as a good thing and declared their country benefited from it when voting ânoâ for
the Constitutional Treaty2. Why such a discrepancy between referenda results and
measurement of support? Could it be that the measures used since now more than forty years
in European studies to grasp peopleâs support for European integration are deficient? In a
European Union in search for legitimacy, being able to evaluate and understand citizensâ
opinion appears crucial
LâEurope comme enjeu clivant:ses effets perturbateurs sur lâoffre Ă©lectorale et les orientations de vote lors de lâĂ©lection prĂ©sidentielle de 2012
Quel rĂŽle a tenu lâenjeu europĂ©en, Ă la fois dans lâoffre Ă©lectorale et dans le choix des Ă©lecteurs, au cours de la sĂ©quence Ă©lectorale prĂ©sidentielle de 2012 ? Ă partir de lâarticulation dâun triple jeu de donnĂ©es (professions de foi, discours de campagne, enquĂȘte post-Ă©lectorale Cevipof), les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s mettent en Ă©vidence les effets perturbateurs des questions europĂ©ennes. Un double cadrage de dĂ©nonciation et de politisation (indexĂ©e sur une structuration gauche-droite opposant Ătat providence/Ătat souverain) organise de maniĂšre inĂ©dite les argumentaires des candidats et fait Ă©cho aux prĂ©occupations des citoyens. La bidimensionalitĂ© confirmĂ©e des attitudes Ă lâĂ©gard de lâUE et son influence contrastĂ©e sur les comportements Ă©lectoraux montre aussi que la rĂ©flexion sur lâintĂ©gration europĂ©enne comme clivage nâest pas un dĂ©bat clos.What role did the European challenge play in the domestic policy programmes and in voter choice during the 2012 French presidential election? Using three different datasets (manifestos, campaign speeches and the Cevipof post-electoral opinion poll), our results unveil the disturbing impact of the European issue. The candidatesâ speeches show a double focus of denouncing and politicizing (revealing a left-right structure opposing welfare state/sovereign state) which echoes citizensâ worries. The bi-dimensionality of attitudes towards Europe is confirmed. As these two dimensions do not have the same influence on electoral behavior, our results suggest that the question of the role of European integration in the emergence of a new political cleavage should not be buried too quickly
Les transformations culturelles et la France des valeurs. Quelles Ă©volutions ?
International audienceCette confĂ©rence a prĂ©sentĂ© deux ouvrages parus aux Presses universitaires de Grenoble (PUG), collection Libres cours Politique : * Inglehart Ronald, Les transformations culturelles. Comment les valeurs des individus bouleversent le monde?, 2018, * BrĂ©chon Pierre, Gonthier FrĂ©dĂ©ric, Astor Sandrine (direction), La France des valeurs, Quarante ans d'Ă©volutions, 2019,Inglehart est un politiste internationalement connu, qui a notamment dĂ©veloppĂ© la thĂ©orie du post-matĂ©rialisme. Dans cet ouvrage il relit son itinĂ©raire de recherche sur une cinquantaine d'annĂ©es. Livre trĂšs utile pour comprendre les trĂšs nombreux travaux de l'auteur sur le changement culturel dans le monde.Le deuxiĂšme ouvrage prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats de l'enquĂȘte sur les valeurs des Français en 2018 comparĂ©s Ă ceux des vagues prĂ©cĂ©dentes
Syntheses, Crystal Structure and Physico-Chemical Studies of Sodium and Potassium Alcoholates Bearing Thienyl Substituents and their Derived Luminescent Sm(III) Alkoxides
International audienceThe synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemistry and luminescence properties of a series of alkali metal alcoholates and Sm(III) alkoxides with thiopheneâbasedâOR substituents are presented. The alkali metal alcoholates 7-15 have been obtained by deprotonation of the carbinol with NaH or KH. Their molecular structures consist of tetranuclear alkali metal alcoholates with a distorted cubaneâlike M4O4 core (X-ray structure analyses). Each alkali metal is surrounded by three carbinolate ligands and (depending on the derivative) by additional tetrahydrofuran molecules. The mononuclear samarium alkoxides {Sm[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3} * thf (16) and {Sm[OC(C16H13S)]3(thf)3} * thf (17) were synthesized by the salt metathesis reactions between {[KOC(C4H3S)3]4(thf)2} * thf (7), [NaOC(C4H3S)3]4(thf)2 (8) or {[KOC(C16H13S)]4(thf)3} * Âœ thf (11), respectively, and SmCl3 in thf solution. The molecular structures of these airâsensitive base adducts have been determined by singleâcrystal Xâray crystallography and reveal an approximately octahedral coordination sphere around the samarium metal centres with three methoxido ligands and three facially arranged thf molecules. The electrochemical properties are essentially dominated by the oxidation of the thienyl units. The emission spectra of the carbinols and their derived potassium and sodium compounds display broad bands attributed to the Ï*âÏ transitions of the aromatic ligands. Luminescence studies performed on complexes 16 and 17 reveal the typical fâf transitions of the Sm(III) ion. The photophysical data suggest that an energy transfer from the ligand to the metal centre operates
Multidisciplinary approach of early breast cancer: The biology applied to radiation oncology
Early breast cancer treatment is based on a multimodality approach with the application of clinical and histological prognostic factors to determine locoregional and systemic treatments. The entire scientific community is strongly involved in the management of this disease: radiologists for screening and early diagnosis, gynecologists, surgical oncologists and radiation oncologists for locoregional treatment, pathologists and biologists for personalized characterization, genetic counselors for BRCA mutation history and medical oncologists for systemic therapies
Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs
Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Les jeunes face Ă lâintĂ©gration europĂ©enne
Dieser Artikel beschreibt den jetzigen Stand der Beziehung zwischen «Jugendlichen «und «EuropĂ€ischer Union «. Er zeigt zuerst worin das Interesse der EuropĂ€ischen Union fĂŒr die «Jugenlichen «besteht und erwĂ€hnt kurz die öffentlichen politischen Programme der Union zugunsten der Jugendlichen. Er zeigt dann, dass die Forschung ĂŒber Meinungen und Standpunkte der «Jugendlichen «gegenĂŒber der EuropĂ€ischen Integration auch ein Thema der Politikwissenschaft darstellt, denn somit können grundlegende Fragen fĂŒr das europĂ€ische politische System behandelt werden wie zum Beispiel die politische Sozialisierung der Individuen und das Legitimationsverfahren dieses Systems. Er lĂ€dt also dazu ein, die Forschungen in diesem Bereich fortzusetzen.This paper analyses the relation between youth and the European Union. It first aims to determine the interest young people have for the European Union and introduces briefly the Community public policies implemented for them. It then shows that the study of young people âąs opinions and behaviours as regards European integration, constitutes a challenge for political sciences as well, allowing to raise main issues for the European political system, such as the individualâ political socialization and the process to legitimate the system. It invites to carry on researches in this field.Cet article dresse un Ă©tat des lieux de la relation entre "Jeunes" et "Union europĂ©enne". Il sâattache tout dâabord Ă prĂ©senter en quoi rĂ©side lâintĂ©rĂȘt de lâUnion europĂ©enne pour les "jeunes" et Ă dĂ©crire briĂšvement les politiques publiques communautaires qui leur sont destinĂ©es. Il montre ensuite que lâĂ©tude des opinions et attitudes des "jeunes" Ă lâĂ©gard de lâintĂ©gration europĂ©enne constitue Ă©galement un enjeu de science politique, parce quâelle permet dâaborder des questions essentielles pour le systĂšme politique europĂ©en telles que celles relatives Ă la socialisation politique des individus et au processus de lĂ©gitimation de ce systĂšme. Il invite dĂšs lors Ă poursuivre les recherches dans ce domaine.Este artĂculo hace un inventario de la relaciĂłn entre «JĂłvenes» y «UniĂłn Europea». Se apega en una primera instancia en presentar, en quĂ© radica el interĂ©s de la UniĂłn Europea para los jĂłvenes y en describir brevemente las polĂticas pĂșblicas comunitarias que les estĂĄn destinadas. Muestra despuĂ©s, que el anĂĄlisis de las opiniones y actitudes de los «jĂłvenes» ante la integraciĂłn europea constituye ademĂĄs una apuesta de ciencia polĂtica, porque permite abordar cuestiones esenciales para el sistema polĂtico europeo, tal como aquellas referentes a la socializaciĂłn polĂtica de los individuos y al proceso de legitimaciĂłn de aquel sistema. Invita por tanto a proseguir las investigaciones en este ĂĄmbito.Belot CĂ©line. Les jeunes face Ă lâintĂ©gration europĂ©enne. In: Agora dĂ©bats/jeunesses, 20, 2000. RĂ©sistances Ă lâuniformisation culturelle. pp. 35-48
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