50,094 research outputs found
Spin coating of an evaporating polymer solution
We consider a mathematical model of spin coating of a single polymer blended in a solvent. The model describes the one-dimensional development of the thin layer of the mixture as the layer thins due to flow created by a balance of viscous forces and centrifugal forces and due to evaporation of the solvent. In the model both the diffusivity of the solvent in the polymer and the viscosity of the mixture are very rapidly varying functions of the solvent volume fraction. Guided by numerical solutions an asymptotic analysis reveals a number of different possible behaviours of the thinning layer dependent on the nondimensional parameters describing the system.\ud
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The main practical interest is in controlling the appearance and development of a ``skin'' on the polymer where the solvent concentration reduces rapidly on the outer surface leaving the bulk of the layer still with high concentrations of solvent. The critical parameters controlling this behaviour are found to be the ratio of the diffusion to advection time scales, the ratio of the evaporation to advection time scales and , the ratio of the diffusivity of the initial mixture and the pure polymer. In particular, our analysis shows that for very small evaporation with skin formation can be prevented
Detection of SUSY Signals in Stau Neutralino Co-annihilation Region at the LHC
We study the prospects of detecting the signal in the stau neutralino
co-annihilation region at the LHC using tau leptons. The co-annihilation signal
is characterized by the stau and neutralino mass difference (dM) to be 5-15 GeV
to be consistent with the WMAP measurement of the cold dark matter relic
density as well as all other experimental bounds within the minimal
supergravity model. Focusing on tau's from neutralino_2 --> tau stau --> tau
tau neutralino_1 decays in gluino and squark production, we consider inclusive
MET+jet+3tau production, with two tau's above a high E_T threshold and a third
tau above a lower threshold. Two observables, the number of opposite-signed tau
pairs minus the number of like-signed tau pairs and the peak position of the
di-tau invariant mass distribution, allow for the simultaneous determination of
dM and M_gluino. For dM = 9 GeV and M_gluino = 850 GeV with 30 fb^-1 of data,
we can measure dM to 15% and M_gluino to 6%.Comment: 4 pages LaTex, 3 figures. To appear in Proceedings of SUSY06, the
14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of
Fundamental Interactions, UC Irvine, California, 12-17 June 2006. A typo in a
reference is correcte
Thermodynamics of (2+1)-flavor QCD: Confronting Models with Lattice Studies
The Polyakov-quark-meson (PQM) model, which combines chiral as well as
deconfinement aspects of strongly interacting matter is introduced for three
light quark flavors. An analysis of the chiral and deconfinement phase
transition of the model and its thermodynamics at finite temperatures is given.
Three different forms of the effective Polyakov loop potential are considered.
The findings of the (2+1)-flavor model investigations are confronted to
corresponding recent QCD lattice simulations of the RBC-Bielefeld, HotQCD and
Wuppertal-Budapest collaborations. The influence of the heavier quark masses,
which are used in the lattice calculations, is taken into account. In the
transition region the bulk thermodynamics of the PQM model agrees well with the
lattice data.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables; minor changes, final version to appear
in Phys. Rev.
Comment on ''the controlled charge ordering and evidence of the metallic state in PrCaMnO films''
In a recent paper (2000 \QTR{it}{J. Phys.: Condens. Matter} \QTR{bf}{12}
L133) Lee \QTR{it}{et al.} have studied the transport properties of
PrCaMnO thin films. They claimed that they are able to
controlled the charge-ordered (CO) state by the lattice strains. We propose
herein another alternative since another indexation of the orientation of the
film can be found leading to almost no distortion of the cell, as compared to
the bulk compound.Comment: 2 page
About the determination of critical exponents related to possible phase transitions in nuclear fragmentation
We introduce a method based on the finite size scaling assumption which
allows to determine numerically the critical point and critical exponents
related to observables in an infinite system starting from the knowledge of the
observables in finite systems. We apply the method to bond percolation in 2
dimensions and compare the results obtained when the bond probability p or the
fragment multiplicity m are chosen as the relevant parameter.Comment: 12 pages, TeX, 4 figure
Disorder-induced melting of the charge order in thin films of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3
We have studied the magnetic-field-induced melting of the charge order in
thin films of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) films on SrTiO3 (STO) by X-ray diffraction,
magnetization and transport measurement. At small thickness (25 nm) the films
are under tensile strain and the low-temperature melting fields are of the
order of 20 T or more, comparable to the bulk value. With increasing film
thickness the strain relaxes, which leads to a strong decrease of the melting
fields. For a film of 150 nm, with in-plane and out-of-plane lattice parameters
closer to the bulk value, the melting field has reduced to 4 T at 50 K, with a
strong increase in the hysteretic behavior and also an increasing fraction of
ferromagnetic material. Strain relaxation by growth on a template of
YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) or by post-annealing yields similar results with an even
stronger reduction of the melting field. Apparently, strained films behave
bulk-like. Relaxation leads to increasing suppression of the CO state,
presumably due to atomic scale disorder produced by the relaxation process.Comment: 7 pages, 4 fig
Time-dependent Fr\"ohlich transformation approach for two-atom entanglement generated by successive passage through a cavity
Time-dependent Fr\"ohlich transformations can be used to derive an effective
Hamiltonian for a class of quantum systems with time-dependent perturbations.
We use such a transformation for a system with time-dependent atom-photon
coupling induced by the classical motion of two atoms in an inhomogeneous
electromagnetic field. We calculate the entanglement between the two atoms
resulting from their motion through a cavity as a function of their initial
position difference and velocity.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Two-lane traffic rules for cellular automata: A systematic approach
Microscopic modeling of multi-lane traffic is usually done by applying
heuristic lane changing rules, and often with unsatisfying results. Recently, a
cellular automaton model for two-lane traffic was able to overcome some of
these problems and to produce a correct density inversion at densities somewhat
below the maximum flow density. In this paper, we summarize different
approaches to lane changing and their results, and propose a general scheme,
according to which realistic lane changing rules can be developed. We test this
scheme by applying it to several different lane changing rules, which, in spite
of their differences, generate similar and realistic results. We thus conclude
that, for producing realistic results, the logical structure of the lane
changing rules, as proposed here, is at least as important as the microscopic
details of the rules
Bromination of Graphene and Graphite
We present a density functional theory study of low density bromination of
graphene and graphite, finding significantly different behaviour in these two
materials. On graphene we find a new Br2 form where the molecule sits
perpendicular to the graphene sheet with an extremely strong molecular dipole.
The resultant Br+-Br- has an empty pz-orbital located in the graphene
electronic pi-cloud. Bromination opens a small (86meV) band gap and strongly
dopes the graphene. In contrast, in graphite we find Br2 is most stable
parallel to the carbon layers with a slightly weaker associated charge transfer
and no molecular dipole. We identify a minimum stable Br2 concentration in
graphite, finding low density bromination to be endothermic. Graphene may be a
useful substrate for stabilising normally unstable transient molecular states
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