527 research outputs found
The XMM-LSS Survey: A well controlled X-ray cluster sample over the D1 CFHTLS area
We present the XMM-LSS cluster catalogue corresponding to the CFHTLS D1 area.
The list contains 13 spectroscopically confirmed, X-ray selected galaxy
clusters over 0.8 deg2 to a redshift of unity and so constitutes the highest
density sample of clusters to date. Cluster X-ray bolometric luminosities range
from 0.03 to 5x10^{44} erg/s. In this study, we describe our catalogue
construction procedure: from the detection of X-ray cluster candidates to the
compilation of a spectroscopically confirmed cluster sample with an explicit
selection function. The procedure further provides basic X-ray products such as
cluster temperature, flux and luminosity. We detected slightly more clusters
with a (0.5-2.0 keV) X-ray fluxes of >2x10^{-14} erg/s/cm^{-2} than we expected
based on expectations from deep ROSAT surveys. We also present the
Luminosity-Temperature relation for our 9 brightest objects possessing a
reliable temperature determination. The slope is in good agreement with the
local relation, yet compatible with a luminosity enhancement for the 0.15 < z<
0.35 objects having 1 < T < 2 keV, a population that the XMM-LSS is identifying
systematically for the first time. The present study permits the compilation of
cluster samples from XMM images whose selection biases are understood. This
allows, in addition to studies of large-scale structure, the systematic
investigation of cluster scaling law evolution, especially for low mass X-ray
groups which constitute the bulk of our observed cluster population. All
cluster ancillary data (images, profiles, spectra) are made available in
electronic form via the XMM-LSS cluster database.Comment: 12 pages 5 figures, MNRAS accepted. The paper with full resolution
cluster images is available at
http://vela.astro.ulg.ac.be/themes/spatial/xmm/LSS/rel_pub_e.htm
The XMM-LSS catalogue: X-ray sources and associated optical data. Version I
Following the presentation of the XMM-LSS X-ray source detection package by
Pacaud et al., we provide the source lists for the first 5.5 surveyed square
degrees. The catalogues pertain to the [0.5-2] and [2-10] keV bands and contain
in total 3385 point-like or extended sources above a detection likelihood of 15
in either band. The agreement with deep logN-logS is excellent. The main
parameters considered are position, countrate, source extent with associated
likelihood values. A set of additional quantities such as astrometric
corrections and fluxes are further calculated while errors on the position and
countrate are deduced from simulations. We describe the construction of the
band-merged catalogue allowing rapid sub-sample selection and easy
cross-correlation with external multi-wavelength catalogues. A small optical
CFHTLS multi-band subset of objects is associated wich each source along with
an X-ray/optical overlay. We make the full X-ray images available in FITS
format. The data are available at CDS and, in a more extended form, at the
Milan XMM-LSS database.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures and 11 tables (fig. 1 and 6 are enclosed in
reduced resolution), MNRAS Latex, accepted by MNRA
Co-opetition models for governing professional football
In recent years, models for co-creating value in a business-to-business context have
often been examined with the aim of studying the strategies implemented by and
among organisations for competitive and co-operative purposes. The traditional
concepts of competition and co-operation between businesses have now evolved,
both in terms of the sector in which the businesses operate and in terms of the type
of goods they produce.
Many researchers have, in recent times, investigated the determinants that can
influence the way in which the model of co-opetition can be applied to the football
world. Research interest lies in the particular features of what makes a good football.
In this paper, the aim is to conduct an analysis of the rules governing the “football
system”, while also looking at the determinants of the demand function within
football entertainment. This entails applying to football match management the
co-opetition model, a recognised model that combines competition and co-operation
with the view of creating and distributing value. It can, therefore, be said that, for a
spectator, watching sport is an experience of high suspense, and this suspense, in turn,
depends upon the degree of uncertainty in the outcome. It follows that the rules
ensuring that both these elements can be satisfied are a fertile ground for co-operation
between clubs, as it is in the interest of all stakeholders to offer increasingly more
attractive football, in comparison with other competing products. Our end purpose is
to understand how co-opetition can be achieved within professional football
The human OPA1delTTAG mutation induces premature age-related systemic neurodegeneration in mouse
Dominant optic atrophy is a rare inherited optic nerve degeneration caused by mutations in the mitochondrial fusion gene OPA1. Recently, the clinical spectrum of dominant optic atrophy has been extended to frequent syndromic forms, exhibiting various degrees of neurological and muscle impairments frequently found in mitochondrial diseases. Although characterized by a specific loss of retinal ganglion cells, the pathophysiology of dominant optic atrophy is still poorly understood. We generated an Opa1 mouse model carrying the recurrent Opa1(delTTAG) mutation, which is found in 30% of all patients with dominant optic atrophy. We show that this mouse displays a multi-systemic poly-degenerative phenotype, with a presentation associating signs of visual failure, deafness, encephalomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia and cardiomyopathy. Moreover, we found premature age-related axonal and myelin degenerations, increased autophagy and mitophagy and mitochondrial supercomplex instability preceding degeneration and cell death. Thus, these results support the concept that Opa1 protects against neuronal degeneration and opens new perspectives for the exploration and the treatment of mitochondrial diseases
Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission VIII. CoRoT-7b: the first Super-Earth with measured radius
We report the discovery of very shallow (DF/F = 3.4 10-4), periodic dips in
the light curve of an active V = 11.7 G9V star observed by the CoRoT satellite,
which we interpret as due to the presence of a transiting companion. We
describe the 3-colour CoRoT data and complementary ground-based observations
that support the planetary nature of the companion. Methods. We use CoRoT color
information, good angular resolution ground-based photometric observations in-
and out- of transit, adaptive optics imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy and
preliminary results from Radial Velocity measurements, to test the diluted
eclipsing binary scenarios. The parameters of the host star are derived from
optical spectra, which were then combined with the CoRoT light curve to derive
parameters of the companion. We examine carefully all conceivable cases of
false positives, and all tests performed support the planetary hypothesis.
Blends with separation larger than 0.40 arcsec or triple systems are almost
excluded with a 8 10-4 risk left. We conclude that, as far as we have been
exhaustive, we have discovered a planetary companion, named CoRoT-7b, for which
we derive a period of 0.853 59 +/- 3 10-5 day and a radius of Rp = 1.68 +/-
0.09 REarth. Analysis of preliminary radial velocity data yields an upper limit
of 21 MEarth for the companion mass, supporting the finding.
CoRoT-7b is very likely the first Super-Earth with a measured radius.Comment: Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics; typos and language
corrections; version sent to the printer w few upgrade
The XMM-LSS survey: the Class 1 cluster sample over the initial 5 square degrees and its cosmological modelling
We present a sample of 29 galaxy clusters from the XMM-LSS survey over an
area of some 5deg2 out to a redshift of z=1.05. The sample clusters, which
represent about half of the X-ray clusters identified in the region, follow
well defined X-ray selection criteria and are all spectroscopically confirmed.
For all clusters, we provide X-ray luminosities and temperatures as well as
masses. The cluster distribution peaks around z=0.3 and T =1.5 keV, half of the
objects being groups with a temperature below 2 keV. Our L-T(z) relation points
toward self-similar evolution, but does not exclude other physically plausible
models. Assuming that cluster scaling laws follow self-similar evolution, our
number density estimates up to z=1 are compatible with the predictions of the
concordance cosmology and with the findings of previous ROSAT surveys. Our well
monitored selection function allowed us to demonstrate that the inclusion of
selection effects is essential for the correct determination of the evolution
of the L-T relation, which may explain the contradictory results from previous
studies. Extensive simulations show that extending the survey area to 10deg2
has the potential to exclude the non-evolution hypothesis, but that constraints
on more refined ICM models will probably be limited by the large intrinsic
dispersion of the L-T relation. We further demonstrate that increasing the
dispersion in the scaling laws increases the number of detectable clusters,
hence generating further degeneracy [in addition to sigma8, Omega_m, L(M,z) and
T(M,z)] in the cosmological interpretation of the cluster number counts. We
provide useful empirical formulae for the cluster mass-flux and mass-count-rate
relations as well as a comparison between the XMM-LSS mass sensitivity and that
of forthcoming SZ surveys.Comment: Accepted for publication by MNRAS. Full resolution images as well as
additional cluster data are available through a dedicated database at
http://l3sdb.in2p3.fr:8080/l3sdb
A Geological Itinerary Through the Southern Apennine Thrust-Belt (Basilicata—Southern Italy)
Open access via Springer Compact AgreementPeer reviewedPublisher PD
Reconstitution of a functional IS608 single-strand transpososome: role of non-canonical base pairing
Single-stranded (ss) transposition, a recently identified mechanism adopted by members of the widespread IS200/IS605 family of insertion sequences (IS), is catalysed by the transposase, TnpA. The transposase of IS608, recognizes subterminal imperfect palindromes (IP) at both IS ends and cleaves at sites located at some distance. The cleavage sites, C, are not recognized directly by the protein but by short sequences 5′ to the foot of each IP, guide (G) sequences, using a network of canonical (‘Watson–Crick’) base interactions. In addition a set of non-canonical base interactions similar to those found in RNA structures are also involved. We have reconstituted a biologically relevant complex, the transpososome, including both left and right ends and TnpA, which catalyses excision of a ss DNA circle intermediate. We provide a detailed picture of the way in which the IS608 transpososome is assembled and demonstrate that both C and G sequences are essential for forming a robust transpososome detectable by EMSA. We also address several questions central to the organization and function of the ss transpososome and demonstrate the essential role of non-canonical base interactions in the IS608 ends for its stability by using point mutations which destroy individual non-canonical base interactions
Sediment-laden sea ice in southern Hudson Bay: Entrainment, transport, and biogeochemical implications
During a research expedition in Hudson Bay in June 2018, vast areas of thick (>10 m), deformed sediment-laden sea ice were encountered unexpectedly in southern Hudson Bay and presented difficult navigation conditions for the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen. An aerial survey of one of these floes revealed a maximum ridge height of 4.6 m and an average freeboard of 2.2 m, which corresponds to an estimated total thickness of 18 m, far greater than expected within a seasonal ice cover. Samples of the upper portion of the ice floe revealed that it was isothermal and fresh in areas with sediment present on the surface. Fine-grained sediment and larger rocks were visible on the ice surface, while a pronounced sediment band was observed in an ice core. Initial speculation was that this ice had formed in the highly dynamic Nelson River estuary from freshwater, but δ^{18}O isotopic analysis revealed a marine origin. In southern Hudson Bay, significant tidal forcing promotes both sediment resuspension and new ice formation within a flaw lead, which we speculate promotes the formation of this sediment-laden sea ice. Historic satellite imagery shows that sediment-laden sea ice is typical of southern Hudson Bay, varying in areal extent from 47 to 118 km2 during June. Based on an average sediment particle concentration of 0.1 mg mL^{–1} in sea ice, an areal extent of 51,924 km2 in June 2018, and an estimated regional end-of-winter ice thickness of 1.5 m, we conservatively estimated that a total sediment load of 7.8 × 106 t, or 150 t km^{–2}, was entrained within sea ice in southern Hudson Bay during winter 2018. As sediments can alter carbon concentrations and light transmission within sea ice, these first observations of this ice type in Hudson Bay imply biogeochemical impacts for the marine system
Whole Transcriptome Profiling of Successful Immune Response to Vibrio Infections in the Oyster Crassostrea gigas by Digital Gene Expression Analysis
The cultivated Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has suffered for decades large scale summer mortality phenomenon resulting from the interaction between the environment parameters, the oyster physiological and/or genetic status and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms including Vibrio species. To obtain a general picture of the molecular mechanisms implicated in C. gigas immune responsiveness to circumvent Vibrio infections, we have developed the first deep sequencing study of the transcriptome of hemocytes, the immunocompetent cells. Using Digital Gene Expression (DGE), we generated a transcript catalog of up-regulated genes from oysters surviving infection with virulent Vibrio strains (Vibrio splendidus LGP32 and V. aestuarianus LPi 02/41) compared to an avirulent one, V. tasmaniensis LMG 20012T. For that an original experimental infection protocol was developed in which only animals that were able to survive infections were considered for the DGE approach. We report the identification of cellular and immune functions that characterize the oyster capability to survive pathogenic Vibrio infections. Functional annotations highlight genes related to signal transduction of immune response, cell adhesion and communication as well as cellular processes and defence mechanisms of phagocytosis, actin cytosqueleton reorganization, cell trafficking and autophagy, but also antioxidant and anti-apoptotic reactions. In addition, quantitative PCR analysis reveals the first identification of pathogen-specific signatures in oyster gene regulation, which opens the way for in depth molecular studies of oyster-pathogen interaction and pathogenesis. This work is a prerequisite for the identification of those physiological traits controlling oyster capacity to survive a Vibrio infection and, subsequently, for a better understanding of the phenomenon of summer mortality
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