Study of impact of anemia on pregnancy

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is highly prevalent in developing countries like India. Mostly is nutritional, of which iron deficiency anemia is predominant. Pregnancy is a state of hemodilution, also there is increased requirement of iron and folic acid during pregnancy. The incidence varies with socioeconomic status, literacy. Anemia has adverse outcome on both mother and fetal health. Poor fetal outcome like increase in preterm deliveries, increase in intrauterine growth restriction, increase in NICU admission, intrauterine death is seen. Maternal complications increase with anemia. This study aims to study the prevalence, type of anemia and its effect on mother and fetus. Objective of present study were to investigate the type and degree of anemia and to study the maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This study was done in department of obstetrics and gynecology in M. R. Medical college kalaburagi for 1 year. Study was conducted on 100 pregnant women. Haemoglobin estimation was done for all woman in 3rd trimester. Severity of anemia was detected by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) classification. Depending on degree and type of anemia all were treated and followed up for maternal and perinatal outcome.Results: The incidence of mild, moderate, severe anemia were 28%, 54%, 18% respectively. Most of the anemic woman belonged to low socioeceonomic status 84%. 16% had maternal complications. Poor perinatal outcome was seen in unbooked and referred cases.Conclusions: Anemia continues to be a major problem in developing countries with poor maternal and neonatal outcome. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve both maternal and neonatal outcome

Risk factors and management of ectopic pregnancy

Background: One of the critical and commonest acute abdominal emergencies which a gynaecologist has to manage in day to day practise is ectopic pregnancy. The present study is compilation to know the risk factors and different modalities of medical and surgical management of patients with ectopic pregnancy.Methods: All patients diagnosed of Ectopic pregnancy at Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital and Sangameshwar teaching and general hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College were part of the study, over a period of two years (August 2014 to July 2016). It was a prospective study with pivot tables, graphs and chi square test.Results: In a span of 2 years 50 cases were studied. Maximum age incidence was 21-25 years. Greater incidence was seen in primigravida accounting for 28%. Most patients presented with pain in abdomen (50 cases). Risk factors included previous abortion, contraception history, sterilization history and pelvic surgery. 47 cases underwent laparotomy and 3 cases were managed medically. 66% had tubal rupture and the most common site was ampulla. Post-operative period was uneventful in majority of cases.Conclusions: With the increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy, screening of high risk cases, early diagnosis and early intervention are required to prevent the maternal deaths and conservation of reproductive health

Studies on Morphophysiological and Biochemical Parameters for Sucking Pest Tolerance in Organic Cotton

The demand for organic cotton is primarily driven by manufacturers and brands with a corporate focus on environmental and social responsibility. These entities strive to be responsible stewards by seeking organic cotton, which not only offers environmental benefits but also provides softer, more durable, and longer-lasting clothing. Unlike conventional cotton, organic cotton is processed without the use of harsh chemicals, making it more comfortable for individuals with sensitive skin. A study was conducted at the Center of Organic Agriculture Research and Training Center, Department of Agronomy, Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra, India to evaluate 22 cotton genotypes, including control samples, using a randomized block design with three replications during the kharif (June–October) season in the years 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, under complete organic conditions. During the initial year of the study (2019–2020), visual observations were made to assess the incidence of sucking pests on the cotton genotypes’ leaves, including the top, middle, and bottom portions. The observations indicated promising results, leading to a more detailed study in the subsequent year (2020–2021). This extended study identified several tolerant genotypes to sucking pests, such as AV-G11, PA-255, GA-8004, AV-C14, and AV-G13 from the arboreum species, as well as AKH-09-5, a hirsutum cultivar. Among the recorded data, it was found that the lowest mean aphid population occurred at 90 days after sowing (DAS), with only 1.53 aphids per leaf. Similarly, the lowest mean populations of Cicadellidae, thrips, and whitefly were recorded at 0.75, 0.97, and 0.63 per leaf, respectively, all at 30 DAS. Microscopic analysis of trichome density and gossypol glands revealed a negative and significant correlation with Aphis gossypi (aphids), Cicadellidae sp. (Cicadellidae), and Thrips tabaci (thrips). However, a positive and significant correlation was found with Bemesia tabaci (whitefly). Furthermore, the estimation of total soluble sugar using the Anthrone method, total nitrogen, and crude protein showed positive and significant correlations with aphids, Cicadellidae, and thrips, but negative, significant correlations with whitefly. The findings indicate that higher trichome density provides greater resistance to sucking pest infestation. It was concluded that G. arboreum genotypes exhibit greater tolerance to sucking pests compared to G. hirsutum varieties. This implies that G. arboreum varieties may require less intensive pest management, aligning with organic farming principles. The discovery of these genotypes opens up possibilities for utilizing them as sustainable and pest-resistant options in cotton cultivation, promoting environmentally friendly and organic farming practices in cotton fiber production

Mist1 Expressing Gastric Stem Cells Maintain the Normal and Neoplastic Gastric Epithelium and Are Supported by a Perivascular Stem Cell Niche

The regulation and stem cell origin of normal and neoplastic gastric glands are uncertain. Here, we show that Mist1 expression marks quiescent stem cells in the gastric corpus isthmus. Mist1+ stem cells serve as a cell-of-origin for intestinal-type cancer with the combination of Kras and Apc mutation and for diffuse-type cancer with the loss of E-cadherin. Diffuse-type cancer development is dependent on inflammation mediated by Cxcl12+ endothelial cells and Cxcr4+ gastric innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). These cells form the perivascular gastric stem cell niche, and Wnt5a produced from ILCs activates RhoA to inhibit anoikis in the E-cadherin-depleted cells. Targeting Cxcr4, ILCs, or Wnt5a inhibits diffuse-type gastric carcinogenesis, providing targets within the neoplastic gastric stem cell niche

Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030

Angiolipoma of Breast: A Surgical Surprise

Lipoma can occur anywhere in body, but an angiolipoma of the breast is rare. Lipoma of breast usually causes diagnostic dilemma, because of fatty composition of breast. It is a soft tissue tumor of benign variety. Treatment includes simple excision

ANDROID BASED HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO-UNO

This paper presents the implementation of home automation system with low cost and remote control. Automating the surrounding not only helps the humans even more to the handicapped/disabled, and the elderly people but also increases the work efficiency and makes life comfortable. This paper presents the automation of the devices present in the home with the help of android phones and Bluetooth technology. Thus replacing the concept of using the traditional switching methods