Editorial: Functional Relevance of Tetraspanins in the Immune System

AS is supported by a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Grant (NWO) Gravitation Programme 2013 grant (ICI-024.002.009), a Dutch Cancer Society grant (KUN2014-6845), and was awarded an European Research Council Consolidator Grant (Secret Surface, 724281). MY-M is supported by BIO2017-86500-R Research Grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. CC is supported by SAF2016-77096-R Research Grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidade

Factores de riesgo coronario en sujetos con sobrepeso mediante el análisis de componentes principales

El sobrepeso y la obesidad son reconocidos como la epidemia del siglo XXI y son considerados un problema de salud pública, los cuales ocasionan efectos nocivos en el ser humano. Objetivos: Determinar los factores de riesgo coronario en sujetos con sobrepeso en Coronel Oviedo. Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Los resultados se expresan en riesgo relativo (RR), R² y proporciones. Se consideró una p<0,05 como significativa. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 147 sujetos con edades de 12 a 83 años (34,95±17,28). 32,7% tenían sobrepeso y 29,3% fueron hombres. El 40,8% manifestó tener antecedentes familiares y el 50,3% no realiza ejercicios. El 29,9% fueron sedentarios. Encontramos correlación significativa entre circunferencia de cintura y peso (R²= 83%), índice cadera-cintura y circunferencia de cintura (R²= 80%), peso y índice de masa corporal (R2=85), circunferencia de cintura y índice de masa corporal (R²= 88,9%). El determinante de la matriz de correlaciones fue altamente significativo (p = 0,000) y la medida de adecuación muestral de Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) fue de 65,3% (p=0,000). El 1er componente fue de 55,4%, el 2do 15,01% y el 3er 13,06% acumulando un 83,48% de la varianza. Conclusión: El índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de cintura, explican más de la mitad de los factores de riesgo coronario en sujetos con sobrepeso, a tener en cuenta en futuros estudios

Evaluación del uso apropiado de medicamentos en atención primaria. ¿Cómo se puede mejorar?

IntroducciónEl proceso de medicación de un paciente abarca la identificación de su problema de salud, la prescripción para esa indicación por parte del médico, la dispensación farmacéutica y el consumo del fármaco. Los estudios de utilización de medicamentos analizan dicho proceso con el de detectar los factores que alteran el uso correcto de los fármacos.ObjetivoEvaluar la calidad de la prescripción de ciertos medicamentos en atención primaria en función de la indicación para la que fueron prescritos, detectando aquellas características de los pacientes, médicos prescriptores, centros de atención primaria y áreas de salud que influyen en su uso inapropiado.MétodoEstudio prescripción-indicación basado en la estimación de modelos multinivel con bases de datos individualizadas de las prescripciones, que contienen características de las prescripciones, pacientes, médicos, centros de salud y áreas de salud de pertenencia. Estos modelos suponen un avance en este tipo de estudios ya que permiten analizar de forma conjunta la información de distintos niveles y estimar sus respectivas «cuotas de responsabilidad» en la inadecuación de la prescripción.DiscusiónAdemás de su interés metodológico, que puede guiar estudios posteriores, el principal interés del trabajo estriba en su carácter pionero en la utilización masiva de microdatos poblacionales para evaluar la calidad de la prescripción, que proceden de las historias clínicas informatizadas de atención primaria.IntroductionThe process of medicating a patient embraces the identification of the health problem, the doctor’ s prescription to treat this indication, the dispensing of the medicine and its consumption. The studies of use of medicine analyse this process in order to detect those factors that impinge on the correct use of medicines.ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of the prescription of certain primary care medicines as a function of the indication for which they were prescribed, detecting those features of the patients, prescribing doctors, primary care centre and health district that affect their inappropriate use.MethodPrescription-indication study based on the calculation of multiple-level models with individualised data bases for the prescriptions. These include characteristics of the prescriptions, patients, doctors, health centres and the health district involved. These models are a step forward in this kind of study, in that they enable analysis of the information from different levels at the same time as calculation of the respective «degrees of responsibility» for inadequacies of prescription.DiscussionApart from its methodological originality, which may serve for subsequent studies, the main interest of this study lies in the pioneering nature of its massive use of population micro-data to evaluate prescription quality. These data are taken from the computerised clinical records in primary care

Stochasticity in space, persistence in time: genetic heterogeneity in harbour populations of the introduced ascidian Styela plicata

Spatio-temporal changes in genetic structure among populations provide crucial information on the dynamics of secondary spread for introduced marine species. However, temporal components have rarely been taken into consideration when studying the population genetics of non-indigenous species. This study analysed the genetic structure of Styela plicata, a solitary ascidian introduced in harbours and marinas of tropical and temperate waters, across spatial and temporal scales. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from 395 individuals collected at 9 harbours along the NW Mediterranean coast and adjacent Atlantic waters (> 1,200 km range) at two time points 5 years apart (2009 and 2014). The levels of gene diversity were relatively low for all 9 locations in both years. Analyses of genetic differentiation and distribution of molecular variance revealed strong genetic structure, with significant differences among many populations, but no significant differences among years. A weak and marginally significant correlation between geographic distance and gene differentiation was found. Our results revealed spatial structure and temporal genetic homogeneity in S. plicata, suggesting a limited role of recurrent, vessel-mediated transport of organisms among small to medium-size harbours. Our study area is representative of many highly urbanized coasts with dense harbours. In these environments, the episodic chance arrival of colonisers appears to determine the genetic structure of harbour populations and the genetic composition of these early colonising individuals persists in the respective harbours, at least over moderate time frames (five years) that encompass ca. 20 generations of S. plicata

HReMAS: Hybrid Real-time Musical Alignment System

[EN] This paper presents a real-time audio-to-score alignment system for musical applications. The aim of these systems is to synchronize a live musical performance with its symbolic representation in a music sheet. We have used as a base our previous real-time alignment system by enhancing it with a traceback stage, a stage used in offline alignment to improve the accuracy of the aligned note. This stage introduces some delay, what forces to assume a trade-off between output delay and alignment accuracy that must be considered in the design of this type of hybrid techniques. We have also improved our former system to execute faster in order to minimize this delay. Other interesting improvements, like identification of silence frames, have also been incorporated to our proposed system.This work has been supported by the "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" of Spain and FEDER under Projects TEC2015-67387-C4-{1,2,3}-R.Cabañas-Molero, P.; Cortina-Parajón, R.; Combarro, EF.; Alonso-Jordá, P.; Bris-Peñalver, FJ. (2019). HReMAS: Hybrid Real-time Musical Alignment System. The Journal of Supercomputing. 75(3):1001-1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2265-1S10011013753Alonso P, Cortina R, Rodríguez-Serrano FJ, Vera-Candeas P, Alonso-González M, Ranilla J (2017) Parallel online time warping for real-time audio-to-score alignment in multi-core systems. J Supercomput 73(1):126–138Alonso P, Vera-Candeas P, Cortina R, Ranilla J (2017) An efficient musical accompaniment parallel system for mobile devices. J Supercomput 73(1):343–353Arzt A (2016) Flexible and robust music tracking. Ph.D. thesis, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, ÖsterreichArzt A, Widmer G, Dixon S (2008) Automatic page turning for musicians via real-time machine listening. In: Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), Amsterdam, pp 241–245Carabias-Orti J, Rodríguez-Serrano F, Vera-Candeas P, Ruiz-Reyes N, Cañadas-Quesada F (2015) An audio to score alignment framework using spectral factorization and dynamic time warping. In: Proceedings of ISMIR, pp 742–748Cont A (2006) Realtime audio to score alignment for polyphonic music instruments, using sparse non-negative constraints and hierarchical HMMs. In: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, vol 5. pp V–VCont A, Schwarz D, Schnell N, Raphael C (2007) Evaluation of real-time audio-to-score alignment. In: International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), ViennaDannenberg RB, Raphael C (2006) Music score alignment and computer accompaniment. Commun ACM 49(8):38–43Devaney J, Ellis D (2009) Handling asynchrony in audio-score alignment. In: Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference Computer Music Association. pp 29–32Dixon S (2005) An on-line time warping algorithm for tracking musical performances. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). pp 1727–1728Duan Z, Pardo B (2011) Soundprism: an online system for score-informed source separation of music audio. IEEE J Sel Top Signal Process 5(6):1205–1215Ewert S, Muller M, Grosche P (2009) High resolution audio synchronization using chroma onset features. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2009 (ICASSP 2009). pp 1869–1872Hu N, Dannenberg R, Tzanetakis G (2003) Polyphonic audio matching and alignment for music retrieval. In: 2003 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics. pp 185–188Kaprykowsky H, Rodet X (2006) Globally optimal short-time dynamic time warping, application to score to audio alignment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol 5. pp. V–VLi B, Duan Z (2016) An approach to score following for piano performances with the sustained effect. IEEE/ACM Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 24(12):2425–2438Miron M, Carabias-Orti JJ, Bosch JJ, Gómez E, Janer J (2016) Score-informed source separation for multichannel orchestral recordings. J Electr Comput Eng 2016(8363507):1–19Muñoz-Montoro A, Cabañas-Molero P, Bris-Peñalver F, Combarro E, Cortina R, Alonso P (2017) Discovering the composition of audio files by audio-to-midi alignment. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational and Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering. pp 1522–1529Orio N, Schwarz D (2001) Alignment of monophonic and polyphonic music to a score. In: Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), pp 155–158Pätynen J, Pulkki V, Lokki T (2008) Anechoic recording system for symphony orchestra. Acta Acust United Acust 94(6):856–865Raphael C (2010) Music plus one and machine learning. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp 21–28Rodriguez-Serrano FJ, Carabias-Orti JJ, Vera-Candeas P, Martinez-Munoz D (2016) Tempo driven audio-to-score alignment using spectral decomposition and online dynamic time warping. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol 8(2):22:1–22:2

Magnetic properties and giant magnetoresistance in melt-spun CoCu alloys

Magnetic, structural, and transport properties of as quenched and annealed Co10Cu90 samples have been investigated using x¿ray diffraction and a SQUID magnetometer. The largest value of MR change was observed for the as¿quenched sample annealed at 450°C for 30 min. The magnetic and transport properties closely correlate with the microstructure, mainly with Co magnetic particle size and its distribution. For thermal annealing the as quenched samples below 600°C, the Co particle diameters increase from 4.0 to 6.0 nm with a magnetoresistance (MR) drop from 33.0% to 5.0% at 10 K. Comparison with the theory indicates that the interfacial electron spin¿dependent scattering mechanism correlates with GMR for Co particle diameters up to about 6.0 nm

Priming by Chemokines Restricts Lateral Mobility of the Adhesion Receptor LFA-1 and Restores Adhesion to ICAM-1 Nano-Aggregates on Human Mature Dendritic Cells

LFA-1 is a leukocyte specific β2 integrin that plays a major role in regulating adhesion and migration of different immune cells. Recent data suggest that LFA-1 on mature dendritic cells (mDCs) may function as a chemokine-inducible anchor during homing of DCs through the afferent lymphatics into the lymph nodes, by transiently switching its molecular conformational state. However, the role of LFA-1 mobility in this process is not yet known, despite that the importance of lateral organization and dynamics for LFA-1-mediated adhesion regulation is broadly recognized. Using single particle tracking approaches we here show that LFA-1 exhibits higher mobility on resting mDCs compared to monocytes. Lymphoid chemokine CCL21 stimulation of the LFA-1 high affinity state on mDCs, led to a significant reduction of mobility and an increase on the fraction of stationary receptors, consistent with re-activation of the receptor. Addition of soluble monomeric ICAM-1 in the presence of CCL21 did not alter the diffusion profile of LFA-1 while soluble ICAM-1 nano-aggregates in the presence of CCL21 further reduced LFA-1 mobility and readily bound to the receptor. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of LFA-1 lateral mobility across the membrane on the regulation of integrin activation and its function as adhesion receptor. Importantly, our data show that chemokines alone are not sufficient to trigger the high affinity state of the integrin based on the strict definition that affinity refers to the adhesion capacity of a single receptor to its ligand in solution. Instead our data indicate that nanoclustering of the receptor, induced by multi-ligand binding, is required to maintain stable cell adhesion once LFA-1 high affinity state is transiently triggered by inside-out signals.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

History of sentinel node and validation of the technique

Sentinel node biopsy is a minimally invasive technique to select patients with occult lymph node metastases who may benefit from further regional or systemic therapy. The sentinel node is the first lymph node reached by metastasising cells from a primary tumour. Attempts to remove this node with a procedure based on standard anatomical patterns did not become popular. The development of the dynamic technique of intraoperative lymphatic mapping in the 1990s resulted in general acceptance of the sentinel node concept. This hypothesis of sequential tumour dissemination seems to be valid according to numerous studies of sentinel node biopsy with confirmatory regional lymph node dissection. This report describes the history and the validation of the technique, with particular reference to breast cancer

Consumo de lácteos y adecuación del aporte de calcio en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste

Los lácteos constituyen un grupo alimentario de gran relevancia para el ser humano, se consideran como tales a la leche y sus derivados, por ser los alimentos fuente de calcio por excelencia su ingesta adecuada garantiza cubrir la Ingesta Recomendada del mineral. El objetivo general del trabajo fue determinar la adecuación de la Ingesta recomendada de calcio, para ello se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo. La población de estudio fueron los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Nacional del Nordeste. Sobre ella se tomó una muestra no probabilística accidental conformada por 100 unidades muestrales. Tras el análisis de datos se observó que el 22% de los encuestados no cubre la IR de calcio mientras que el 58% lo hace en exceso y solo el 20% cumple la media de 1000 mg/día. Como conclusión se destaca la necesidad de implementar estrategias de educación nutricional a fin de mejorar el patrón de consumo de lácteos y la consecuente ingesta de calcio