Estructura poblacional del camarón nailon Heterocarpus reedi (Crustacea: Caridea) y su relación con variables ambientales frente a Chile

11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables[EN] The population structure of fishery resources and the impact of environmental factors over its productivity are important processes to be considered in fisheriesmanagement. Environmental factors could determine both, the success of larval drift as the population spatial structure and its changes of biomass. In this paper we show the environmental effect over distribution, abundance and spatial structure of nylon shrimp population (Heterocarpus reedi) off central Chile (25°-37°S) from trawling surveys carried out between 1996 and 2011. Environmental variables considered where sea surface concentration of chlorophylla and dissolved organic matter. Results show a geographical separation in population around 32°S. Shrimp density is higher in the southern zone, where concentration of chlorophylla and dissolved organic matter are high due to presence of river tributaries and coastal upwelling zones. In this area, thebulk of the adult population is concentrated, which could act as >source> population and thereby its influence on larval drift could explain both, the preponderance of juveniles in the northern area as the smallest size of its population (“pseudo-sink” population). In the southern area, a process of spatial and bathymetric expansion had driven the increase in population size over time, where the colonization and individual somatic growth had been the main mechanisms. We found that periods of good environmental conditions explain high densities of shrimp with a delay of two years, which might be related mainly with larval survival and enhanced recruitment and somatic growth. The aim of this study was to understand the spatial-temporal variability of the nylon shrimp density in the study area[ES] La estructura poblacional de recursos de interés pesquero y el impacto de los factores ambientales sobre su productividad son procesos claves a considerar en la gestión pesquera. Los factores ambientales pueden determinar tanto el éxito de la deriva larval como la estructura espacial de la población y sus cambios de biomasa. Se muestra el efecto del medio ambiente sobre la distribución, abundancia y estructura espacial de la población de camarón nailon (Heterocarpus reedi) en Chile central (25°-37°S), considerando como variables la concentración de clorofila -a y la materia orgánica disuelta, respecto a los cruceros de arrastre realizados entre 1996 y 2011. Los resultados muestran una separación geográfica de la población alrededor de 32°S. En la zona sur, la densidad del camarón es mayor, donde los altos niveles de concentración de clorofila -a y de materia orgánica disuelta se deben, entre otros, a la presencia de afluentes de ríos y a surgencia costera. En esta área, se concentra la mayor parte de la población adulta, que podría actuar como población "fuente" y por lo tanto, su influencia en la deriva larval podría explicar tanto la preponderancia de juveniles en la zona norte, como el tamaño más pequeño de su población (población "pseudo-sumidero”). En la zona sur, un proceso de expansión espacial y batimétrica habría impulsado el aumento de tamaño de la población a través del tiempo, donde los principales mecanismos habrían sido la colonización y crecimiento somático individual. Se determinó que los períodos de buenas condiciones ambientales explican las altas densidades de camarones con un retraso de dos años, aspecto que estaría relacionado principalmente con la supervivencia larval, reclutamiento y crecimiento somático. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la variabilidad espacio-temporal de la densidad de camarón nailon en el área de estudioWe thank the Fondo de Investigación Pesquera (FIP) of Chile for providing the data base related with trawl survey's information of nylon shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) carried out in central-south of Chile between 1996 and 2011Peer Reviewe

An updated synopsis of Hypolepis Bernh. (Dennstaedtiaceae) from Argentina

An updated synopsis of the genus Hypolepis (Dennstaedtiaceae) from Argentina is presented, including the first report of H. stolonifera var. stolonifera for the country and the description of a new variety: Hypolepis stolonifera var. delasotae, named in honour of pteridologist Elías Ramón de la Sota. Four taxa are recognised in Argentina: Hypolepis poeppigii, H. rugosula subsp. poeppigiana, and Hypolepis stolonifera with var. delasotae and var. stolonifera; Hypolepis repens is excluded from the Argentinian flora.Fil: Toledo Arana, Javier Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Yañez, Agustina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schwartsburd, Pedro B.. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Brasi

Size and number variation of adipocytes during the growth of Rasa Aragonesa lambs

The size and number of adipocytes of different fat depots was studied in 45 male lambs of the Rasa Aragonesa breed, distributed in three groups of 15 lambs (G12, G24, G36), slaughtered respectively at l 1.7 0.67,24.5 0.57 and 35.8 ? 1.74 kg live weight (LW) and at an age of 32 5, 89 8 and 123 & 8 days. G12 lambs were slaughtered on the day of weaning, G24 and G36 lambs were weaned respectively at 16.2 & 1.32 and 18.3 r 2.46 kg LW and were fed from then onwards on concentrated fodder and barley straw ad libitum until they were slaughtered. The results obtained show that there is a significant increase in the amount of fat deposited in three internal (omental, mesenteric and kidney knob and channel) fat depots as the LW at slaughter increases (P<O.Ol). A similar phenomenon occurs in the size of the adipocytes, hypertrophy being more evident between 24 and 36 kg (Px0.01) than between 12 and 24 kg, except in the intermuscular fat depot, where the differences were between the two most extreme weights (P<O.Ol). The number of adipocytes in the omental and mesenteric fat depots increased significantly during the period of the study while no variation occurred in the kidney knob and channel fat depot during the same period."Variation de la taille et Aragonesa'! On a étudié la taille et le nombre des adipocytes de différents tissus adipeux chez 45 agneaux 3 groupes de 15 agneaux (G12, G24, G36), abattus respectivement à 11,7 0,67; 24,5 0,57 et 35,8 1,74 kg de poids vif (PV) et 32 5; 89 8 y 123 2 8 jours d'âge. Les agneaux du G12 ont été abattus le jour du sevrage; ceux du G24 et du G36 ont été sevrés respectivementà 16,2 -+ 1,32 y 18,3 2 2,46 kg de PV, et ont eu à leur disposition de l'aliment concentré et de la paille d'orge "ad libitum" jusqu'au le moment de l'abattage. Les résultats obtenus montrent une augmentation significative de la quantité de graisse deposée dans les trois dépôts gras internes (omental, mésentérique, pelvico-rénal) au fur età mesure de l'augmentation du PV d'abattage (P<O,OI). Des résultats semblables ont été trouvés avec la taille des adipocytes car elle augmente avec le PL( l'hypertrophie étant plus marquée entre 24 et 36 kg (P<O,OI) qu' entre 12 et 24 kg, sauf dans le tissu intermusculaire dans lequel les différences ont été entre les deux poids extrêmes (P<O,Ol). Le nombre des adipocytes dans les tissus omental et mésentérique a augmenté significativement pendant la période étudiée (P<O,OI), tandis que dans le tissu pelvico-rénal il n'y a pas eu de variation pendant cette période

Investigation of a relationship between twin-disc wear rates and the slipping contact area on R260 grade rail

Twin-disc tests present some limitations for wheel-rail wear characterization such as the obtained contact patch and the error for very low creepages. In this work, creepage phenomena are investigated ranging from 0.12% to 2.45%. To improve the fitting of experimental tests with the theoretical adhesion curve, a modification of the FASTSIM algorithm is proposed. A linear correlation has been found between wear and the slip area including the non-linear zone. Normalized weight losses and wear rates are similar for all tested creepages. Applying this relationship, identified for delaminative wear by surface and metallographic characterization, it is possible to calculate wear for low creepages at wheel-rail contact from twin-disc tests, which should be close to the satu- ration of the friction coefficient

Lipogenic enzyme activity in growing Rasa Aragonesa lambs

- The lipogenic enzyme activity of the following enzymes was studied: Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), fatty acids synthetase (FAS), NADP-Malate dehydrogenase (ME) and Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in five fat depots (omental, OM; mesenteric, MES; kidney knob and channel, KKC; subcutaneous, SC; intermuscular, IM) in 45 male Rasa Aragonesa lambs divided into three groups of 15 lambs (G12, G24, G36). They were slaughtered respectively at 11.70 r 0.67; 24.50 -c 0.57 and 35.80 f 1.74 kg of live weight (LW) and at 32 f 5; 89 f 8, and 123 f 8 days old. The G12 lambs were slaughtered on the day of weaning, having consumed solely their mother's milk; those in the G24 and G36 groups were weaned at 16.20 -c 1.32 and 18.30 i 2.46 kg LW respectively, were fed from then onward increase in the activity of the G3PDH and FAS lipogenic enzymes was observed. The increase inthe 'de novo' synthesis (FAS) at 36 kg LW was matched by G6PDH activity, which indicates greater use of acetate as a precursor of fatty acids. Furthermore, the maintenance of ME activity during the period studied would indicate that the glucose rate utilization for the fatty acids synthesis was not modified throughout this period."Activité enzymatique lipogénique chez l'agneau de race Rasa Aragonesa au cours de la croissance". On a étudié l'activité enzymatique lipogénique des enzymes Glycérol3-phosphate déhydrogénase (G3PDH), Synthétase des acides gras (SAG), NADP-Malate déhydrogénase (EM) et Glucose 6-phosphate déhydrogénase (GGPDH), dans 5 tissus adipeux (omental, OM ; mésentérique, MES ; pelvien-rénal, PVR ; sous-cutané, SC ; et intermusculaire, /M) chez 45 agneaux mâles de race Rasa Aragonesa répartis en trois lots de 15 agneaux (G12, G24, G36), abattus respectivement à 11,70 0,67; 24,50 -t 0,57 et 35,80 1,74 kg de poids vif (PV) et 32 f 5 ; 89 & 8 et 123 8 jours d'âge. Les agneaux du lot G12 ont été abattus le jour du sevrage et ont ingéré uniquement du lait de la mère ; ceux du lot G24 et du lot G36 ont été sevrés à 16,20 1,32 et 18,30 -r- 2,46 kg de PV, et ont ingéré après le sevrage de l'aliment concentré et de la paille d'orge ad libitum jusqu'à l'abattage. Entre 24 et 36 kg de PV, on a observé une augmentation des activités des enzymes G3PDH et SAG. L'augmentation de la synthèse "de novo" (SAG) B 36 kg de PV a éte accompagnée par une augmentation de l'activité de la GGPDH, qui pourrait indiquer une utilisation plus élevée de l'acétate comme précurseur des acides gras. D'autre part, l'absence de variation dans l'activité de I'EM pourrait indiquer que l'utilisation du glucose pour la synthèse des acides gras n'a pas été modifiée pendant la période ét

Cryptochromes are the key photoreceptors mediating Arabidopsis inflorescence stem movements under natural sunlight

Inflorescence stem movements in response to natural sunlight are widely spread across angiosperm species and are suggested to increase reproductive success. However, the underlying mechanisms that mediate this phototropic response to natural irradiation are unclear. We studied phototropic responses of Arabidopsis inflorescences in both laboratory and field conditions and report an action spectrum at wavelengths below 500 nm, mediated by several photoreceptor families. In controlled conditions, UVR8 is the key photoreceptor for narrowband UV-B radiation while phototropins and cryptochromes are crucial for phototropic responses to narrowband blue light. At low blue irradiances, phototropins are dominant while cryptochromes are essential during high blue irradiances but subjected to the negative control of phototropins. Importantly, cryptochromes are the principal photoreceptors mediating inflorescence stem bending under full sunlight

Functional diversity of phytochrome family in the control of light and gibberellin-mediated germination in Arabidopsis

In several species, seed germination is regulated by light in a way that restricts seedling emergence to the environmental conditions that are likely to be favourable for the success of the new individual, and therefore, this behaviour is recognized to have adaptive value. The phytochromes are one of the most relevant photoreceptors involved in light perception by plants. We explored the redundancy and diversity functions of the phytochrome family in the control of seed responsiveness to light and gibberellins (GA) by using a set of phytochrome mutants of Arabidopsis. Our data show that, in addition to the well-known role of phyB in the promotion of germination in response to high red to far-red ratios (R/FR), phyE and phyD stimulate germination at very low R/FR ratios, probably by promoting the action of phyA. Further, we show that phyC regulates negatively the seed responsiveness to light, unravelling unexpected functions for phyC in seed germination. Finally, we find that seed responsiveness to GA is mainly controlled by phyB, with phyC, phyD and phyE having relevant roles when acting in a phyB-deficient background. Our results indicate that phytochromes have multiple and complex roles during germination depending on the active photoreceptor background.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Arana, María Veronica. Intituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Lamas, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Fundacion Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Strasser, B. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Fundacion Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Ibarra, Silvia E. Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cerdan, Pablo Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Fundacion Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Botto, Juan Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Rodolfo Augusto. Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

ProOpDB: Prokaryotic Operon DataBase

The Prokaryotic Operon DataBase (ProOpDB, http://operons.ibt.unam.mx/OperonPredictor) constitutes one of the most precise and complete repositories of operon predictions now available. Using our novel and highly accurate operon identification algorithm, we have predicted the operon structures of more than 1200 prokaryotic genomes. ProOpDB offers diverse alternatives by which a set of operon predictions can be retrieved including: (i) organism name, (ii) metabolic pathways, as defined by the KEGG database, (iii) gene orthology, as defined by the COG database, (iv) conserved protein domains, as defined by the Pfam database, (v) reference gene and (vi) reference operon, among others. In order to limit the operon output to non-redundant organisms, ProOpDB offers an efficient method to select the most representative organisms based on a precompiled phylogenetic distances matrix. In addition, the ProOpDB operon predictions are used directly as the input data of our Gene Context Tool to visualize their genomic context and retrieve the sequence of their corresponding 5′ regulatory regions, as well as the nucleotide or amino acid sequences of their genes

Avaliação de uma intervenção educativa de enfermaria para cuidadores primários de pacientes crônicos

Regularly, the primary caregivers of chronically ill patients become the “invisible ill”, to the extent that the attention and care are mostly focused on the sick patiente, violating physical, emotional, spiritual and economic aspects of the caregiver. This project analizes the results obtained from the implementation of an educational intervention program aimed at 19 primary caregivers of people with chronic disease, in six delegations from the city of Toluca, State of Mexico. It was a descriptive study with a qualitative methodological approach. It was carried out in three stages: diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. In order to provide the educational program, home visits were performed using the log field. The program consisted of three modules, being imparted in workshops to the 19 caregivers, with informed consent prior to the program. The results were the following: Caregivers expressed that they had acquired knowledge required for the care of their family, the dynamics allowed them to recognize strengths, weaknesses, fears, insecurities and frustrations; they said they were satisfied with the support and guidance of the health team that participated. It can be said that to be a primary caregiver for a chronically ill person is an experience that transforms life and requires knowledge, courage and patience to perform their duties skillfully; these gratification may also be increased if you receive guidance from nursesEs frecuente que los cuidadores principales de enfermos crónicos se conviertan en el “enfermo invisible”, en la medida en que la atención y el cuidado están mayormente enfocados en el paciente, lo cual vulnera aspectos físicos, emocionales, espirituales y económicos de la persona que cuida. El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo es evaluar los resultados de implementar un programa educativo de intervención dirigido a 19 cuidadores principales de personas con enfermedad crónica, en seis delegaciones de la ciudad de Toluca, Estado de México. El estudio se desarrolló en tres etapas: diagnóstico, intervención y evaluación. Para impartir el programa educativo se realizaron visitas domiciliarias que se registraron en la bitácora de campo. El programa denominado Cuidando a Cuidadores, se basa en los tres indicadores propuestos por Nkongho: conocimiento, valor y paciencia. Consta de tres módulos, y en cada uno se realizaron tres tallerescon los 19 cuidadores, previo consentimiento informado. Los participantes expresaron haber adquirido conocimientos necesarios para el cuidado de su familiar; las dinámicas les permitieron reconocer fortalezas, debilidades, miedos, inseguridades y frustraciones; además, manifestaron sentirse satisfechos con el acompañamiento y guía del equipo de salud que participó. Se puede afirmar que ser cuidador principal de un enfermo crónico es una experiencia que transforma la vida y requiere conocimiento, valor y paciencia para ejercer su tarea de manera hábil; esto puede incrementarse si se recibe orientación por parte de los profesionales de enfermeríaMuitas vezes, os cuidadores primários de pacientes crônicos se tornam o “paciente invisível”, na medida em que a atenção e os cuidados são principalmente focados no doente, violando aspectos físicos, emocionais, espirituais e econômicos do cuidador. Este projeto aborda os resultados obtidos na implementação de um programa de intervenção educacional voltado para 19 cuidadores primários de pessoas com doença crónica, em seis delegações da cidade de Toluca, Estado do México. O estudo era realizado em três etapas: diagnóstico, intervenção e avaliação. A fim de orientar sobre o programa educativo, foram realizadas visitas domiciliares, utilizando o diário de campo. O programa consistiu de três módulos, conferindo-se oficinas aos 19 cuidadores, com prévio consentimento informado. Os cuidadores expressaram ter adquirido conhecimentos necessários para o cuidado de seu familiar e as dinâmica lhes permitiram reconhecer forças, fraquezas, medos, inseguranças e frustrações. Eles disseram que estavam satisfeitos com o apoio e orientação da equipe de saúde que participou. Pode-se dizer que ser o cuidador primário de um paciente crónico é uma experiência que transforma a vida e exige conhecimento, coragem e paciência para exercer as suas funções com habilidade, podendo se aperfeiçoar se receber a orientação de profissionais de enfermagem

DETAILED CHEMICAL KINETIC MODELING OF JP-8/JET-A IGNITION AND COMBUSTION

ABSTRACT Significant progress towards development and validation of a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for the US Air Force JP-8 fuel is presented in this article. Three detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for three JP-8 surrogate fuels, as given i