Incorporating the Use of Literature as an Innovative Technique for Teaching English

This paper aims at discussing an effort to incorporate the use of literature in English language teaching. For the reason, language teachers need to know some important ideas i.e. the types of literature can be used for teaching purpose, the approach to the use of literature in language teaching, underlying reasons for using literature in language teaching and steps to implement the use of literature in language classrooms. The most fundamental idea of this paper is focused on the steps to use literature in English language teaching i.e. making decision about needs analysis to know: the types of literary works that the learners want to learn, the difficulty level of the selected literary works in terms of grammar, lexical items and text patterns, and to ensure that a literary work brings pleasure and enjoyment to the learners, formulating objectives to describe what the learners will be able to do after completing a lesson, and selecting innovative teaching teachnique i.e. Analyzing Technique, Memorizing and Producing Technique, Completing Technique, Constructing Technique, as well as Transforming Technique. The techniques may be used by language teachers for teaching English using literature.   Keywords: literature, teaching literature, using literature for teaching English, innovative technique for teaching Englis

Self-concept and self-efficacy’s role in achievement motivation and physics learning outcomes

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of self-concept and self-efficacy on achievement motivation and physics learning outcomes. The samples of the study were 126 students taken by means of the Sloven technique using questionnaires and test results of physics learning. The data of test results were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS software. As a result, self-concept and self-efficacy have a direct positive effect on student’s motivation achievement. In conclusion, the teacher also must investigate and analyze the basic needs of the student in learning to achieve the objective of learning. Keywords: Achievement motivation, Learning, Self-concept, Self-efficacy

Analysis of Quality of Critical Thinking Skills Test Based on Item Response Theory Using R-Program

This research aims to describe the quality of critical thinking skill test of fluid mechanics material in senior high schools in Makassar City. The emphasis is the content validity aspect, the characteristics of each item for the One-Parameter Logistic (1PL) model, the Two-Parameter Logistic (2PL) model, dan the Three-Parameter Logistic (3PL) model. It is a descriptive quantitative research with the subject of all student responses to the critical thinking skills test of fluid mechanics material at senior high schools in Makassar City. There were 726 student responses. The data were collected online by google form and analyzed by using descriptive quantitative technique. The results showed that the critical thinking skill test of fluid mechanics material had fulfilled the content validity. Analysis of the quality of CTS test items showed that the models of 1PL, 2PL, and 3PL were all consistent, showing that the test items were mostly able to discriminate the high abilitytestees from the low abilitytestees. Of the three logistic model approaches used to estimate the parameters of item difficulty level, item discrimination, and guess factor, the 3PL model is better than the other twomodels. Keywords 1PL model; 2PL model; 3PL model; Critical thinking skills; Item response theory; R-Program; Quality; Tes

The Effect of Guided Inquiry Model and Learning Motivation on the Understanding of Physics Concepts

The aim of this study was to find out the difference understanding of physics concepts of the students taught by employing guided inquiry model of learning by direct instruction holistically, high learning motivation, and for low learning motivation. Besides that to analyze the effect of interaction between models of learning with learning motivation to the understanding of student physics concepts at SMAN 18 in Makassar. In order to achieve the aim, research has been done by using treatment by level design, factorial 2 x 2. This study involved four classes. Two classes were taught by using guided inquiry model and the other two used direct instruction. The number of population was 160 students of XI IPA class. The number of samples was 68 students selected by cluster random sampling technique. The data were analyzed by means of two-way ANOVA. The result of the study indicates that holistically there was a difference of physics concept understanding between students taught with guided inquiry model and direct instruction. Furthermore, there was an effect of interaction between learning model with learning motivation to the understanding of physics concepts. There was a difference of understanding the physics concepts of students taught by guided inquiry learning model and direct instruction both for the students having high learning motivation and low learning motivation. Keywords: direct instruction, guided inquiry, learning motivation, treatment by level design, two-way ANOVA, understanding of physics concep

FORGIVE OR FORGET? DINAMIKA PEMAAFAN DALAM KONTEKS BUDAYA BUGIS

Salah satu persoalan klasik di dalam masyarakat adalah friksi dan konflik. Konsekuensi dari kedua hal ini dapat diselesaikan, salah satunya melalui pemaafan. Salah satu suku yang menarik untuk ditelaah dinamikan pemaafan yang ada di dalam masyarakatnya adalah suku Bugis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pemaafan pada orang Bugis. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi, diperoleh tiga orang partisipan yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Interpretative pheneomenological analysis. Temuan dalam penelitian ini disajikan dalam dua kategori data, yakni faktor-faktor pemaafan orang Bugis dan dinamika temuan pemaafan orang Bugis. Ditemukan empat faktor yang berperan dalam pemaafan orang Bugis, yaitu ajaran agama dan orang tua, nilai budaya, faktor relasional dan inisiasi permintaan maaf dari pelaku. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa ketiga partisipan sebagai masyarakat suku Bugis merupakan orang-orang yang mudah memberi maaf namun jika yang disinggung atau disakiti adalah hal-hal yang meliputi perasaan dan harga diri mereka, maka kondisi tersebut menjadi sulit untuk dimaafkan

THE INFLUENCE OF TEACHER TEACHING SKILLS AND THE USE OF MEDIA ON LEARNING MOTIVATION AND PHYSICS LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR STUDENTS AT SMAN 2 GOWA

This study is an ex-post facto research with causality. The outbreak of this virus has had an extraordinary impact on various sectors including the education sector, so learning is carried out online with alternative methods utilizing cyberspace, but teachers must provide digital teaching materials to fulfill learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the description of teachers' teaching skills, media utilization, learning motivation and physics learning outcomes. In addition, this research was also conducted to analyze the direct effect of teacher teaching skills on learning motivation and learning outcomes in physics, to analyze the direct effect of using media on learning motivation and learning outcomes in physics, to analyze the direct effect of using media on learning motivation and learning outcomes in physics. physics learning outcomes and analyze the direct influence of learning motivation on physics learning outcomes. The research sample consisted of 180 students consisting of nine classes. The data collection process was carried out using 3 questionnaires and a physics learning achievement test totaling 21 tests that had been tested empirically. Research data were analyzed using the path analysis method with the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 22 technique. The results of the descriptive analysis: teacher teaching skills in the skilled category, media utilization in the very high category, learning motivation in the very high category, and physics learning outcomes in the category tal

TRH: Pathophysiologic and clinical implications

Thyrotropin releasing hormone is thought to be a tonic stimulator of the pituitary TSH secretion regulating the setpoint of the thyrotrophs to the suppressive effect of thyroid hormones. The peptide stimulates the release of normal and elevated prolactin. ACTH and GH may increase in response to exogenous TRH in pituitary ACTH and GH hypersecretion syndromes and in some extrapituitary diseases. The pathophysiological implications of extrahypothalamic TRH in humans are essentially unknown. The TSH response to TRH is nowadays widely used as a diganostic amplifier in thyroid diseases being suppressed in borderline and overt hyperthyroid states and increased in primary thyroid failure. In hypothyroid states of hypothalamic origin, TSH increases in response to exogenous TRH often with a delayed and/or exaggerated time course. But in patients with pituitary tumors and suprasellar extension TSH may also respond to TRH despite secondary hypothyroidism. This TSH increase may indicate a suprasellar cause for the secondary hypothyroidism, probably due to portal vessel occlusion. The TSH released in these cases is shown to be biologically inactive

Guidance for studies evaluating the accuracy of rapid tuberculosis drug-susceptibility tests

The development and implementation of rapid molecular diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) drug-susceptibility testing is critical to inform treatment of patients and to prevent the emergence and spread of resistance. Optimal trial planning for existing tests and those in development will be critical to rapidly gather the evidence necessary to inform World Health Organization review and to support potential policy recommendations. The evidence necessary includes an assessment of the performance for TB and resistance detection as well as an assessment of the operational characteristics of these platforms. The performance assessment should include analytical studies to confirm the limit of detection and assay ability to detect mutations conferring resistance across globally representative strains. The analytical evaluation is typically followed by multisite clinical evaluation studies to confirm diagnostic performance in sites and populations of intended use. This paper summarizes the considerations for the design of these analytical and clinical studies.FIND (Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics)https://academic.oup.com/jid2020-10-08am2019Medical Microbiolog

Mycobacterium marinum antagonistically induces an autophagic response while repressing the autophagic flux in a TORC1- and ESX-1-dependent manner.

Autophagy is a eukaryotic catabolic process also participating in cell-autonomous defence. Infected host cells generate double-membrane autophagosomes that mature in autolysosomes to engulf, kill and digest cytoplasmic pathogens. However, several bacteria subvert autophagy and benefit from its machinery and functions. Monitoring infection stages by genetics, pharmacology and microscopy, we demonstrate that the ESX-1 secretion system of Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative to M. tuberculosis, upregulates the transcription of autophagy genes, and stimulates autophagosome formation and recruitment to the mycobacteria-containing vacuole (MCV) in the host model organism Dictyostelium. Antagonistically, ESX-1 is also essential to block the autophagic flux and deplete the MCV of proteolytic activity. Activators of the TORC1 complex localize to the MCV in an ESX-1-dependent manner, suggesting an important role in the manipulation of autophagy by mycobacteria. Our findings suggest that the infection by M. marinum activates an autophagic response that is simultaneously repressed and exploited by the bacterium to support its survival inside the MCV