Thermoelectric properties of high-entropy rare-earth cobaltates

High-entropy concept introduced with a promising paradigm to obtain exotic physical properties has motivated us to explore the thermoelectric properties of Sr-substituted high-entropy rare-earth cobaltates i.e., (LaNdPrSmEu)$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$CoO3 (0 \leq x \leq 0.10). The structural analysis of the samples synthesized using the standard solid-state route, confirms the orthorhombic structure with the Pbnm space group. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity decrease with rising Sr concentration as well as with an increase in temperature. The multiple A-site ions in high-entropy rare-earth cobaltates result in an improved Seebeck coefficient ({\alpha}) compared to La$_{0.95}$Sr$_{0.05}$CoO$_3$, associated with a decrease in the Co-O-Co bond angle, which further enhances the power factor. The random distribution of cations at the rare-earth site results in a significant lowering of phonon thermal conductivity. As a result, a maximum figure of merit (zT) of 0.23 is obtained at 350K for (LaNdPrSmEu)$_{0.95}$Sr$_{0.05}$CoO$_3$, which is one of the highest values of zT reported at this temperature for oxide materials. This study shows promise to decouple thermoelectric parameters using the high-entropy concept in several materials.Comment: 5 pages, 3 Figure

Novel entropy-stabilized fluorite oxides with multifunctional properties

Development of new high-entropy oxides having configurational entropy dominating the phase stability has become a hot topic since the discovery of rock salt structure entropy-stabilized (ES)(MgCoNiCuZn)O in 2015. Herein, we report a set of novel entropy-stabilized fluorite oxides: Zr0.2Hf0.2Ce0.2Sn0.2Mn0.2O2-{\delta}, Zr0.2Hf0.2Ti0.2Mn0.2Ce0.2O2-{\delta}, Zr0.225Hf0.225Ti0.225Mn0.225Ce0.1O2-{\delta}, and Zr0.2Hf0.2Ti0.2Mn0.2Ce0.1Ta0.05Fe0.05O2-{\delta} synthesized using standard solid-state reaction. These compounds have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques to discern their structural, microstructural, and chemical properties. The configurational-entropy dominated phase stability and hence the entropy stabilization of the compounds is confirmed by cyclic heat treatments. The mismatch in the ionic radii and oxidation state of the cations are the key factors in achieving a single-phase fluorite structure. Further, screening of physical properties including thermal conductivity, optical band gap, magnetic properties, and impedance spectroscopy is discussed. Thermal conductivity of 1.4-1.7 Wm-1K-1 is observed at 300 K and remains mostly invariant across a wide temperature range (300K-1073K), favorable for thermal barrier coating applications. These ES samples have an optical band gap of 1.6-1.8 eV, enabling light absorption across the visible spectrum and hence could be promising for photocatalytic applications. The impedance spectroscopy data of the entropy-stabilized samples reveal the presence of electronic contributions with small activation energy (0.3-0.4 eV) across a temperature range of 298K-423K. These observations in ES fluorite systems show potential for their multifunctional applications via further optimization and confirm the great chemical versatility of entropy-stabilized oxides.Comment: 13 Pages, 9 Figures 1 Tabl

Thermoelectric transport properties of an apparent Fermi liquid: Relation to an analytic anomaly in the density of states and application to hole-doped delafossites

Through the motivation of the recent discovery of dispersionless regions in the band structure of the delafossites, a model density of states of free fermions including a discontinuity as analytical anomaly is studied. The resulting temperature dependence of the chemical potential is obtained both exactly and by different approximation schemes which are then discussed thoroughly. This includes the introduction of an approximation of the polylogarithm difference which is capable of accessing a parameter range neither covered by Sommerfeld expansion nor by Boltzmann approximation. It is found that the Fermi temperature and several other temperature scales may be very low, giving rise to experimentally observable behaviours differing from the one described by Fermi liquid theory. In particular, two kinds of apparent Fermi liquid behaviour emerge at intermediate temperatures. This behaviour is related to recent transport data reported for CuCr(1-x)MgxO2 [A. Maignan et. al, Solid State Commun. 149, 962 (2009)] and CuRh(1-x)MgxO2 [A. Maignan et. al, Phys. Rev. B 80, 115103 (2009)] by means of the temperature independent correlation functions ratio approximation. In this way an effective density of states as well as the effective charge carrier density of these materials are determined. Furthermore, conclusions about the specific heat of the latter material are drawn which presents particular effects of the analytical anomaly.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure

Enhancing the thermoelectric properties of single and double filled p-type skutterudites synthesized by an up-scaled ball-milling process

The single and double filled p-type skutterudites Ce0.8Fe3CoSb12 and Ce0.5Yb0.5Fe3.25Co0.75Sb12 have been prepared by mechanical alloying. This offers a rapid method for the preparation of skutterudites that could be scaled up for adoption at industrial level. The large-scale samples prepared by ball-milling exhibit enhanced figures of merit ZT, compared with materials prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. At room temperature ZT is increased by ca. 19 % for both single and double filled skutterudites. Maximum figures of merit, ZT = 0.68 and ZT = 0.93 are attained for Ce0.8Fe3CoSb12 at 773 K and Ce0.5Yb0.5Fe3.25Co0.75Sb12 at 823 K respectively. The improvement in thermoelectric values at room temperature may be traced to a reduction in thermal conductivity in the ball-milled samples arising from the reduced grain size. The influence of the microstructure on the thermoelectric properties, together with the stability in air and the performance of the materials after several heating and cooling cycles has been studied and are detailed in this work. The densified samples prepared by ball-milling also show a higher resistance to oxidation, which starts at 694 K for Ce0.8Fe3CoSb12 and at 783 K for Ce0.5Yb0.5Fe3.25Co0.75Sb12

Multi elements substituted Aurivillius phase relaxor ferroelectrics using high entropy design concept

The concept of high entropy ceramics opens up the possibility to optimise the properties of relaxor ferroelectrics with Aurivilius phase structures. In this paper, two new multi-element substituted Aurivillius phase ceramics, (Ca0.25Sr0.25Ba0.25Pb0.25)Bi2Nb2O9 and (Ca0.2Sr0.2Ba0.2Pb0.2Nd0.1Na0.1)Bi2Nb2O9 are prepared. Both ceramics are single phase, exhibiting orthorhombic symmetry with space group A21am at room temperature. The frequency dependence of the temperature of the dielectric permittivity peak, Tm, shows relaxor behaviour for both ceramics. Multi-domain configurations, including long range ordered ferroelectric domains and nano domains, were observed using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Under an applied DC field, the nano domains irreversibly transformed to micro-meter sized domains, which is consistent with the Vogel-Fulcher Law fitted results that show that the freezing temperatures of the two ceramics are above room temperature. Their improved piezoelectric constant is attributed to their low coercive fields, which are related to the multi domain configurations in the Aurivillius phase relaxor ferroelectrics

Etude de skutterudites de terres-rares (R) et de métaux d (M) du type RM4Sb12 : de nouveaux matériaux thermoélectriques pour la génération d'électricité

This thesis presents the physical and thermoelectric properties of new skutterudite compounds, with general formula Ry-pR'pFe4-x(Co/Ni)xSb12 (R et R' = Ce, Yb, Ba, La). It shows that Yb valence state decreases when Yb fraction increases. However, it does not depend on the temperature, whiwh evidences a mixed valence state (two different valence states for two distinct cristallographic sites at a local point of view). Ce is always trivalent in these compounds. The character of the dominant interactions changes from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic when one goes from trivalent cerium or lanthanum to nearly divalent ytterbium or divalent baryum. The effective paramagnetic moment has been separated into three contributions originating from Ce, Yb and [Fe4Sb12]. The last one does not depend on the nature or on the valence state or R and R' atoms, but it decreases when Ni substitues Fe. A magnetic transition occurs at 6.5 K for R = Yb and Ba, possibly to a spin glass state.Electrical and thermal transport properties have been determined from 5K to 800K, and the materials properties of the materials have been discussed concerning thermoelectric power generation. The power factor, and the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT are increased in Cey/2Yby/2Fe4-x(Co/Ni)xSb12 type skutterudites as compared to RyFe4-x(Co/Ni)xSb12 type skutterudites.Cette étude présente les propriétés de nouveaux composés de la famille des skutterudites, de formule générale Ry-pR'pFe4-x(Co/Ni)xSb12 (R et R' = Ce, Yb, Ba, La), d'une part du point de vue des propriétés physiques, et d'autre part du point de vue de leurs potentialités pour la conversion de chaleur en électricité par effet thermoélectrique. La valence de Yb est non entière et elle décroît lorsque la fraction de Yb augmente. En revanche, elle ne dépend pas de la température ce qui met en évidence un état de valence mixte (deux sites pour deux états de valence). Le cérium est quant à lui toujours trivalent dans ces composés. Le système passe d'un régime d'interactions dominantes ferromagnétiques pour Yb0,9Fe4Sb12 avec Yb presque divalent à un régime d'interactions antiferromagnétiques pour Ce0,9Fe4Sb12 avec Ce trivalent. Le moment paramagnétique a été décomposé suivant les sous-systèmes R, R' et Fe4Sb12. La contribution de ce dernier ne dépend pas la nature et de la valence de R et R', mais elle décroît si Fe est substitué par Ni. Une transition magnétique est présente pour R = Yb et Ba à 6,5 K sans doute vers un état verre de spin. Les propriétés de transport électrique et thermique ont été mesurées de 5K à 800K ce qui a permis de discuter des potentialités de ces matériaux pour la génération d'électricité par effet thermoélectrique. Le facteur de puissance et le facteur de mérite ZT sont plus élevés dans les composés de type Cey/2Yby/2Fe4-x(Co/Ni)xSb12 que dans ceux de type RyFe4-x(Co/Ni)xSb12 présentés dans la littérature

Influence of Te substitution on the structural and electronic properties of thermoelectric BiCuSeO

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