Living with wolves: A worldwide systematic review of attitudes

This systematic review of peer reviewed articles on attitudes towards gray wolves (Canis lupus), shows that attitudes are mainly measured either by mean values of attitudes or by proportional differences in attitudes. This may impact on how attitudes are perceived and interpreted across studies and areas. However, independent of method used, we found that people living in areas where wolves always have existed, are more negative towards wolves compared to people living in areas where there are no wolves, or where wolves have recovered after years of absence. People who express fear, or being directly affected by having wolves, such as farmers and hunters, report more negative attitudes compared to other groups of respondents. For wolf conservation we recommend politicians and management authorities to prepare local societies of the different consequences of living in wolf areas. We recommend using dialogues and conflict management methods to minimize the level of conflicts.publishedVersio

PENGARUH PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL TERHADAP PERILAKU APEKTIF SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BOLA VOLI DI SMP NEGERI 15 BANDUNG

Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 15 Bandung. Dengan bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan perilaku apektif siswa dengan menggunakan permainan tradisional dan permainan baru dalam pembelajaran bola voli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah SMP Negeri 15 Bandung. Sampel diperoleh melalui teknik random sampling yang terbagi atas dua kelas. Dua kelas yang dipilih yaitu kelas VII A sebagai kelompok eksperimen dengan menggunakan permainan tadisional dengan jumlah siswa 40 dan kelas VII C sebagai kelompok kontrol menggunakan permainan modern dengan jumlah siswa 40. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa tes (pre-test dan post-test) dan observasi untuk mengamati kegiatan pembelajaran di lapangan, dan angket untuk pengumpulan data perilaku apektif siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional lebih tinggi dengan perolehan N-gain x ̅ 0,75 dibandingkan dengan permainan modern x ̅ 0,13 dalam pembelajaran bola voli. Hipotesis uji-t menunjukan bahwa permainan tradisional memperoleh thitung 18,727 (kelompok eksperimen) ≥ ttabel 1,991 maka signifikan. Kesimpulan permainan tradisional lebih berpengaruh nyata dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dalam pembelajaran bola voli terhadap perilaku apektif siswa. ---------- This Research is to determine whether there is a different effect from the application of the tradisional game and modern game in SMPN 40 Bandung. Samples in this research using students in class VII-A SMPN 15 Bandung as many as 40 students. The method used in this research is the experimental method. Then for research design using pretest posttest group design. The instrument used in this study using a modified assessment questioner and observation. Implementation of the treatment carried out at the school. The results obtained from the application of the tradisional game and moder game is that there is a significant difference. According from the statistic data analysis that the authors do state that an average of application of the game of sections is N-gain x ̅ 0,75 between modern game x ̅ 0,13. In volleyball learning, tradisional game have a thitung 18,727 (eksperiment) ≥ ttabel 1,991. From the results of this research findings concluded, that the tradisional game better than modern game, can increase the affective behavior Students learn a volley ball learning in class VII A SMPN 15 Bandung

Spatial and temporal variations in seabird bycatch: Incidental bycatch in the Norwegian coastal gillnet-fishery

The general decline of seabird populations worldwide raises large concerns. Although multiple factors are interacting to cause the observed trends, increased mortality from incidental bycatch in fisheries has proven to be important for many species. However, the bulk of published knowledge is derived from longline fisheries, whereas bycatch in gillnet fisheries is less studied and even overlooked in some areas. We present seabird bycatch data from a 10-year time-series of fishery data from the large fleet of small-vessels fishing with gillnets along the Norwegian coast—a large area and fishery with no prior estimates of seabird bycatch. In general, we document high rates of incidental bycatch (averaging 0.0023 seabirds/ net, or approximately 0.08 seabirds/fishing trip). This results in an estimated annual bycatch between 1580 and 11500 (95% CI) birds in this fishery. There was a surprisingly high percentage (43%) of surface-feeding seabirds in the bycatch, with northern fulmar being the most common species. Among the diving seabirds caught, common guillemot was most numerous. Our findings suggest that coastal gillnet fisheries represent a more general threat to a wider range of seabird populations, as opposed to longline fisheries where surface-feeding seabird species seem to dominate the bycatch. The bycatch estimates for the Norwegian gillnet-fishery varied in time, between areas, and with fishing depth and distance from the coast, but we found no clear trends in relation to the type of gillnets used. The results enabled us to identify important spatio-temporal trends in the seabird bycatch, which can allow for the development and implementation of more specific mitigation measures. While specific time closures might be an efficient option to reduce bycatch for diving seabirds, measures such as gear modification and reduction in release of wastewater during fishing operation are probably a more effective mitigation approach for reducing bycatch of surface-feeding seabirds.publishedVersio

Influence of hydraulics on the dowsntream migratory route of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The interaction between hydrodynamics and the upstream migration of fish has been investigated in several studies over the past few years, but there has been a relative lack of investigation into the effects of hydraulics on the downstream migration of fish. In Norway, mortality associated with downstream migration is strongly related to hydropower production. However, there is a poor understanding of how fish choose their migratory routes, which limits the development of measures to mitigate the impact of anthropogenic structures on fish migration. The current study aimed to analyze the effect of hydraulics on the choice of downstream migration route of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar) in the proximity of an intake to a hydropower plant in Norway. We combined computational fluid dynamic modeling with 3-Dimensional acoustic telemetry positioning of a group of tagged smolts to investigate the interaction between fish and the flow dynamics, and to determine the influence of this interaction on fish migratory routes. A Hidden Markov Model was used to predict migratory routes based on the relations found between the hydraulic variables and fish behaviour. Results showed relationships between fish migratory routes and the different components of flow velocity. The knowledge acquired in this study is expected to inform opportunities and decision making in aquatic resources management and engineering design to increase fish survival past hydropower intakes and other anthropogenic structures

Assessing incidental bycatch of seabirds in Norwegian coastal commercial fisheries: Empirical and methodological lessons

-Unintentional bycatch, waterbirds, small vessel fishery, gillnetts, longlines, Northeast Atlanti

Workshop on sea bird bycatch monitoring in the NEAFC regulatory areas (WKBB)

In 2021, ICES received a special request for advice from the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) on seabird bycatch in the NEAFC regulatory areas (RAs). Data scoping exercises conducted in 2021, 2022, and 2023 on the availability of bycatch data in the region on the one hand and on the availability of fisheries data on the other hand concluded of important shortages both in terms of quality and quantity that prevented in-depth analyses of the magnitude and the scale of the seabird bycatch problem in the NEAFC RAs. The Workshop on seabird Bycatch monitoring in the NEAFC regulatory areas (WKBB) was the next step in the NEAFC special request. This report describes the work undertaken at the WKBB workshop that took place in Copenhagen and online in May 2023, presents a synthesis of the analytical outputs (including conclusions), and provides some recommendations for the scope and implementation of a pilot monitoring programme which will significantly improve the evidence base related to the incidental bycatch of seabirds in commercial fisheries operating in the NEAFC RAs. The data at hand for the workshop – fisheries effort and two complementary seabird tracking datasets – were used to estimate the spatiotemporal overlap between seabirds and fishing activities in the period 2018-2022. Following this, a bycatch risk assessment method originally developed for marine mammal bycatch (called ByRA) was adapted to estimate risk scores and to map high-risk areas for 20 seabird species susceptible to bycatch in the NEAFC RAs. The results are discussed, including the uncertainty in the data used during the workshop. Based on the results from the ByRA, the last part of the report presents recommendations for a pilot monitoring study to increase the understanding of the scale and of the magnitude of seabirds-fisheries interactions in the NEAFC RAs

Third workshop on appropriate sampling schemes for protected, endangered and threatened species bycatch (WKPETSAMP3)

The workshops WKPETSAMP2 and WKPETSAMP3 were convened following a special request from the European Union’s Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV) on appropriate sampling schemes for endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species. In particular, these workshops were tasked with providing concrete inputs and results to inform ICES advice to DG ENV on ‘appropriate bycatch monitoring systems at Member State level and on regional coordination’. An aim of the PETSAMP workshops was to generate improved insights into how aspects of sampling design may impact the precision and accuracy of bycatch estimates and the detection probability of bycatch events. The workshop considered key issues such as: how sampling coverage (percentage of monitored fishing operations) impacts the precision of bycatch estimates and how this is dependent on the bycatch probability (how often a bycatch is encountered); if stratification improves precision and if this is dependent on bycatch probability; if it is better to sample few vessels but many trips (e.g. typical of reference fleets and Electronic Monitoring programmes) or many vessels but fewer trips (e.g. typical of at-sea observer programmes). To do this the WKPETSAMP2 extended the simulation framework (SCOTI) developed by WGBYC in 2022. This framework was used in WKPETSAMP3 and was parameterized with data from several case studies. The case studies are from ongoing or historical sampling programs and represent different waters across Europe and different fisheries

Working group on bycatch of protected species (WGBYC 2021)

The Working Group on Bycatch of Protected Species (WGBYC) was established in 2007 and collates and analyses information from across the Northeast Atlantic and adjacent sea areas (Baltic, Mediterranean and Black Seas) related to the bycatch of marine mammals, seabirds, turtles, and sensitive fish species in commercial fishing operations. Sensitive fish species were not considered at the 2021 meeting pending approval from the ICES Advisory Committee (ACOM) on fish species lists of bycatch interest that were developed at the ICES Workshop on Fish of Conservation and Bycatch Relevance (WKCOFIBYC) in 2020. WGBYC seeks to describe and improve under-standing of the likely impacts of fishing activities on affected populations at biologically relevant scales, to inform on the suitability of existing at-sea monitoring programmes for the quantification of robust bycatch estimates, and to collate information on and coordinate bycatch mitigation efforts at an international scale. In 2021, the WG met by correspondence to address eight Terms of Reference (ToR), including a data scoping exercise as part of a special request on seabird bycatch from the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC), which concluded that there was insufficient bycatch monitoring data from NEAFC waters to warrant further analyses at this time. The report also provides an overview of monitoring and fishing effort data contained in the WGBYC database for 2019 and 2020. This showed that during 2020, in most geographical areas of relevance, at-sea monitoring effort was significantly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Specific analyses were carried out to describe potential fisheries impacts (reported bycatch numbers, min/max bycatch rates and/or mortality estimates) for harbour seal in the Greater North Sea ecoregion and parts of the Baltic ecoregion, three turtle species in four Mediterranean ecoregions and in the Azores and Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregions, and several seabird species in six ecoregions (Adriatic, Baltic, Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast, Celtic Seas, Greater North Sea and Icelandic Waters). A risk-based approach, developed by WGBYC in 2020 to highlight monitoring gaps, was expanded using information from multiple sources and identified several high-risk métiers for bycatch which are relatively under-sampled by existing data collection programmes. Several members of WGBYC also participated simultaneously in the ICES Workshop on Estimation of Mortality of Marine Mammals due to Bycatch (WKMOMA) which ran over schedule due to data issues. Data used by WGBYC on fishing effort, at-sea monitoring effort and bycatch records are primarily acquired through an ICES dedicated data call which has been issued annually to all ICES member states since 2018 and all non-ICES EU coastal states from 2021. Although data quality and quantity are improving, WGBYC reiterate that significant gaps remain in data collection efforts and in data resolution, that limits the Working Group’s ability to provide useful assessments of the likely impacts of fishing activity across a wide range of protected species and areas. WGBYC note that broadscale low level monitoring programmes may be insufficient to highlight very rare bycatch occurrences for populations at low abundance and/or low susceptibility to by-catch, but which could have significant population levels impacts

Klorbehandling i Driva og Litldalselva 2023 – Andre behandlingsår

Prosjektleder: Anders Gjørwad HagenI august 2023 ble den andre av to kjemiske behandlinger gjennomført mot lakseparasitten Gyrodactylus salaris i Drivaregionen. I de to elvene Driva og Litldalselva ble kloramin brukt som hovedkjemikalium. Klorbehandlingene ble gjennomført av et samarbeid mellom NIVA og NINA i henhold til kontrakt med Veterinærinstituttet som overordnet oppdragsgiver. I denne rapporten oppsummeres metodikk og resultater fra klorbehandlingen. Det ble gjort jevnlige målinger for å følge opp effekten av alle små og store doseringspunkter. I hovedelva viste analyse av disse prøvene at det generelt ble oppnådd en samlet behandlingseffekt på mer enn 90 mikrogramdøgn for alle stasjoner. I sidebekkene var det én av 188 stasjoner som ikke nådde målet på 90 mikrogramdøgn. Sannsynligheten for at det skal ha overlevd G. salaris i dette området høyt oppe i Litldalselva er imidlertid ansett som svært liten. Basert på funn fra behandlingen i 2022 ble behandlingen i 2023 utvidet, og dedikert personell ble allokert til å gjennomføre kritiske undersøkelser. Ved 34 punkter ble det gjort ett eller flere tiltak for å bedre behandlingen, og hvor det også ble gjort flere undersøkelser i etterkant for å vurdere effekten av tiltaket. Behandlingen var totalt sett vellykket, særlig gitt de vannføringsmessige utfordringene i forbindelse med ekstremværet «Hans».Veterinærinstituttet i TrondheimpublishedVersio

Klorbehandling i øvre Driva 2023 – Supplerende tiltak i hovedelv og utvalgte sidevassdrag oppstrøms fiskesperra i Driva

Prosjekleder: Anders Gjørwad HagenI august 2023 mottok gruppen «Gyroklor» en bestilling på klorbehandling i øvre deler av Driva som skulle gjennomføres i løpet av september 2023. I henhold til bestillingen var formålet med denne behandlingen «(…) å redusere smittetrykket i Driva etter påvising av laks (Salmo salar) og Gyrodactylus salaris på oversiden av fiskesperra, så langt det er praktisk mulig». Den reelle behandlingsstrekningen ble ut fra dette definert med nederste doseringsstasjon ved Vikabrua og øvre doseringspunkt ovenfor Mågålaupet. I tillegg ble det dosert kloramin i sideelvene Vinstra og Ålma for å håndtere fortynningseffekten fra disse. Behandlingsperioden var på seks dager. I løpet av denne perioden var målsettingen å oppnå minimum 90 mikrogramdøgn aktivt klor i alle behandlede vannveier. Det ble gjort jevnlige målinger for å følge opp effekten av alle doseringspunkter. Det ble også gjort undersøkelser for å påvise hvor langt behandlingseffekten strakk seg fra nederste doseringspunkt. Analysene viste at det ble oppnådd en samlet behandlingseffekt på mer enn 90 mikrogramdøgn ved alle prøvepunkter. Sannsynligheten for at det skal ha overlevd G. salaris i behandlingsområdet er ansett som svært liten, og behandlingen var vellykket.Veterinærinstituttet i TrondheimpublishedVersio