9 research outputs found

    Estudio de los efectos producidos por las condiciones de transformación en la viscosidad del Polietilentereftalato (PET) reciclado.

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    Se estudió el efecto producido por las condiciones de transformación en la viscosidad del polietilentereftalato reciclado. Para ello, se realizó una simulación del procesado en un plastómetro para la determinación del Índice de Fluidez, sobre la base de un diseño de experimentos factorial 22. Como variables independientes se tomaron la temperatura y tiempo de retención del polímero dentro de la cámara de procesamiento, mientras que como variable respuesta se evaluó la viscosidad intrínseca del polietilentereftalato. Mediante un análisis de regresión lineal del diseño experimental se logró obtener por primera vez la ecuación del modelo ajustado para la viscosidad intrínseca, sobre la que los dos factores estudiados (tiempo y temperatura) así como la interacción entre ellos presentaron un efecto significativo con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. En todos los casos ocurrió una disminución de la viscosidad del polietilentereftalato reciclado, encontrándose la mayor incidencia con un 30 % al incrementar la temperatura de 260 a 280 °C. De cara a un proceso de reciclado, se recomienda mantener un perfil de temperaturas que no supere los 260 °C y tiempos de residencia igual o menores a 10 min.The effect produced by the processing conditions on the viscosity of recycled polyethylene terephthalate was studied. For this, a simulation of the processing was carried out using a melt flow index plastometer, based on a factorial design of experiments 22. The temperature and the retention time of the polymer inside the processing chamber were selected as independent factors, while the intrinsic viscosity of the polyethylene terephtalate was the response variable. Through a linear regression analysis of the experimental design, it was possible to obtain for the first time the equation of the model adjusted for intrinsic viscosity, on which the two factors studied (time and temperature) as well as the interaction between them presented a significant effect with a level 95% confidence. In all cases, there was a decrease in the viscosity of the recycled polyethylene terephthalate, with the highest incidence being 30% when the temperature increased from 260 to 280 °C. For a recycling process, it is recommended to maintain a temperature profile that does not exceed 260 °C and residence times equal to or less than 10 min

    Study of the Structure-Properties-Processing Relationship of Nanocomposites Based on Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA) and o-MMT

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    En este trabajo se investiga la influencia del procesado y del contenido de nanoarcilla en las propiedades mecánicas de láminas obtenidas por extrusión-calandra a partir de un grado comercial de PLA y una nanoarcilla organomodificada. El estudio de la morfología se realizó mediante Difracción de Rayos-X de Grandes Ángulos (WAXS) y Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión (TEM), revelando el desarrollo de estructuras intercaladas, aunque también se observaron laminillas exfoliadas y partículas aglomeradas. La caracterización mecánica se realizó mediante ensayos a tracción uniaxial. Así mismo, se aplicó un tratamiento térmico a todas las láminas preparadas que permitió el estudio de los materiales en dos estados diferentes: rejuvenecido y envejecido. El comportamiento mecánico se vio afectado por el procesado solo cuando el PLA se encuentra en estado envejecido, mientras que el contenido de arcilla únicamente produce algún efecto cuando esta está presente en un 2,5 % en masa. El tratamiento de rejuvenecimiento provocó una transición frágil-dúctil, que se manifestó en un aumento significativo de la ductilidad.In this work, the effect of processing and nanoclay content on the mechanical properties of thin sheets obtained by cast sheet extrusion from a commercial grade of PLA and organomodified nanoclay has been investigated. Microstructure was studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS), revealing the development of structures intercalated, although exfoliated clay layers and agglomerates were observed also. The mechanical properties have been assessed by uniaxial tensile tests. Finally, a deaging thermal treatment was applied to all prepared samples, in order to study the materials under two different states: relaxed (after the thermal treatment) and aged (before treatment). The tensile behaviour is affected by processing only in the case of aged PLA samples, whereas the addition of nanoclay is only significant at 2,5 % w/w. The de-aging treatment causes a change in the brittle-ductile behaviour evidenced in a significant increase in ductility

    Study of the effects produced by the transformation conditions on the viscosity of recycled polyethylenterephthalate (pet)

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    Se estudió el efecto producido por las condiciones de transformación en la viscosidad del polietilentereftalato reciclado. Para ello, se realizó una simulación del procesado en un plastómetro para la determinación del Índice de Fluidez, sobre la base de un diseño de experimentos factorial 2^2. Como variables independientes se tomaron la temperatura y tiempo de retención del polímero dentro de la cámara de procesamiento, mientras que como variable respuesta se evaluó la viscosidad intrínseca del polietilentereftalato. Mediante un análisis de regresión lineal del diseño experimental se logró obtener por primera vez la ecuación del modelo ajustado para la viscosidad intrínseca, sobre la que los dos factores estudiados (tiempo y temperatura) así como la interacción entre ellos presentaron un efecto significativo con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. En todos los casos ocurrió una disminución de la viscosidad del polietilentereftalato reciclado, encontrándose la mayor incidencia con un 30 % al incrementar la temperatura de 260 a 280 °C. De cara a un proceso de reciclado, se recomienda mantener un perfil de temperaturas que no supere los 260 °C y tiempos de residencia igual o menores a 10 min.The effect produced by the processing conditions on the viscosity of recycled polyethylene terephthalate was studied. For this, a simulation of the processing was carried out using a melt flow index plastometer, based on a factorial design of experiments 22 . The temperature and the retention time of the polymer inside the processing chamber were selected as independent factors, while the intrinsic viscosity of the polyethylene terephtalate was the response variable. Through a linear regression analysis of the experimental design, it was possible to obtain for the first time the equation of the model adjusted for intrinsic viscosity, on which the two factors studied (time and temperature) as well as the interaction between them presented a significant effect with a level of 95% confidence. In all cases, there was a decrease in the viscosity of the recycled polyethylene terephthalate, with the highest incidence being 30% when the temperature increased from 260 to 280 °C. For a recycling process, it is recommended to maintain a temperature profile that does not exceed 260 °C and residence times equal to or less than 10 min.Fil: Velázquez Infante, Julio Cesar. Universidad de Holguin.; CubaFil: Vega García, Arles. Universidad de Holguin.; CubaFil: Esquivel Figueredo, Rosalia de la Caridad. Universidad de Holguin.; Cuba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Bárcenas Martínez, Sandra. Universidad de Holguin.; CubaFil: Martínez Hung, Hassan. Universidad de Oriente.; Cub

    3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

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    Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante

    Clinical manifestations of intermediate allele carriers in Huntington disease

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    Objective: There is controversy about the clinical consequences of intermediate alleles (IAs) in Huntington disease (HD). The main objective of this study was to establish the clinical manifestations of IA carriers for a prospective, international, European HD registry. Methods: We assessed a cohort of participants at risk with <36 CAG repeats of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Outcome measures were the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor, cognitive, and behavior domains, Total Functional Capacity (TFC), and quality of life (Short Form-36 [SF-36]). This cohort was subdivided into IA carriers (27-35 CAG) and controls (<27 CAG) and younger vs older participants. IA carriers and controls were compared for sociodemographic, environmental, and outcome measures. We used regression analysis to estimate the association of age and CAG repeats on the UHDRS scores. Results: Of 12,190 participants, 657 (5.38%) with <36 CAG repeats were identified: 76 IA carriers (11.56%) and 581 controls (88.44%). After correcting for multiple comparisons, at baseline, we found no significant differences between IA carriers and controls for total UHDRS motor, SF-36, behavioral, cognitive, or TFC scores. However, older participants with IAs had higher chorea scores compared to controls (p 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that aging was the most contributing factor to increased UHDRS motor scores (p 0.002). On the other hand, 1-year follow-up data analysis showed IA carriers had greater cognitive decline compared to controls (p 0.002). Conclusions: Although aging worsened the UHDRS scores independently of the genetic status, IAs might confer a late-onset abnormal motor and cognitive phenotype. These results might have important implications for genetic counseling. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01590589

    Cognitive decline in Huntington's disease expansion gene carriers

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    Clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Huntington's disease

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    Background: The frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (&gt;59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: Our aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database. Methods: Participants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. Participants with a missing CAG repeat size, a repeat size of ≤35 or a UHDRS motor score of ≤5 were excluded. Results: Of 6007 eligible participants, 687 had late-onset (11.4%) and 3216 (53.5%) common-onset HD. Late-onset (n = 577) had significantly more gait and balance problems as first symptom compared to common-onset (n = 2408) (P &lt;.001). Overall motor and cognitive performance (P &lt;.001) were worse, however only disease motor progression was slower (coefficient, −0.58; SE 0.16; P &lt;.001) compared to the common-onset group. Repeat size was significantly lower in the late-onset (n = 40.8; SD 1.6) compared to common-onset (n = 44.4; SD 2.8) (P &lt;.001). Fewer late-onset patients (n = 451) had a positive family history compared to common-onset (n = 2940) (P &lt;.001). Conclusions: Late-onset patients present more frequently with gait and balance problems as first symptom, and disease progression is not milder compared to common-onset HD patients apart from motor progression. The family history is likely to be negative, which might make diagnosing HD more difficult in this population. However, the balance and gait problems might be helpful in diagnosing HD in elderly patients
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