: Retours et attentes d'expérimentations en Learning Analytics

International audienceIn this paper, we aim to explore ways of transformations of the new techno-culture that will become essential to appropriate two emerging technologies closely related: Big-datas and Datas Analytics. We discuss as well the history of big-datas and statistical analysis but also their digital pre-warning. In terms of multivariate statistical analysis, we discuss the epistemological issues but also ethical Copernican reversal caused by this analysis (discussed Benzécri / Bourdieu). The questions to being techno-digital, closely related with human intelligence, it also upset by its implementation collaborative networks, are quickly raised (Heidegger, Simondon, Derrida and the current bibliography). We conclude by stating the close involvement of our ITEN-UNESCO Chair for ISO standardization of ICT and Learning Analytics standardization project that just opened. We also present our project Muren HD (digital humanities involving crowdsourcing synergy for education, research and heritage in a culturally Euro-Mediterranean context); a project that is part of education-research-project IDEFI Créatic.Dans ce papier nous visons à explorer des pistes de transformations de la nouvelle technoculture qui nous deviendra indispensable pour nous approprier deux technologies émergentes étroitement associées : les Big-datas et les Datas Analytics. Nous évoquons notamment l'histoire des big-datas et de l'analyse statistique, mais aussi de leurs avant-coureurs pré-numériques. Pour ce qui est de l'analyse statistique multidimensionnelle nous discutons les questions épistémologiques, mais aussi éthiques provoquées par ce retournement copernicien de l'analyse (discussion Benzécri/Bourdieu). Les questions de l'être techno-numérique et de son rapport d'année en année plus étroit avec l'intelligence humaine, elle aussi bouleversée par sa mise en réseaux collaboratifs, sont rapidement évoquées (Heidegger, Simondon, Derrida et la bibliographie actuelle). Nous concluons en faisant état de l'étroite participation de notre Chaire ITEN-Unesco à la normalisation ISO des TICE et du chantier de normalisation des Learning Analytics qui vient de s'ouvrir. Nous présentons aussi notre projet HD Muren (Humanités digitales mettant en synergie participative éducation, recherche et patrimoines dans un contexte culturellement euro-méditerranéen) ; un projet qui s'inscrit dans le cadre à projet d'enseignement-recherche Idéfi-Créatic. Abstract: In this paper, we aim to explore ways of transformations of the new techno-culture that will become essential to appropriate two emerging technologies closely related: Big-datas and Datas Analytics. We discuss as well the history of big-datas and statistical analysis but also their digital pre-warning. In terms of multivariate statistical analysis, we discuss the epistemological issues but also ethical Copernican reversal caused by this analysis (discussed Benzécri / Bourdieu). The questions to being techno-digital, closely related with human intelligence, it also upset by its implementation collaborative networks, are quickly raised (Heidegger, Simondon, Derrida and the current bibliography). We conclude by stating the close involvement of our ITEN-UNESCO Chair for ISO standardization of ICT and Learning Analytics standardization project that just opened. We also present our project Muren HD (digital humanities involving crowdsourcing synergy for education, research and heritage in a culturally Euro-Mediterranean context); a project that is part of education-research-project IDEFI Créatic

Impact de la variabilité des caractéristiques temporelles des cellules combinatoires et séquentielles sur un opérateur numérique

National audienceL'un des principaux intérêts de la diminution des dimensions du transistor est l'augmentation du rendement. Mais aujourd'hui, avec les technologies nanométriques, cette réduction s'accompagne d'un impact croissant des variations du processus de fabrication sur les circuits, pouvant dès lors faire chuter ce même rendement avec des spécifications non tenues. Au niveau temporel, on peut ramener ces effets à une probabilité plus élevée de violations des temps de maintien et d'établissement sur les bascules. Comme principale réponse face à ce problème, les marges de sécurité sont constamment augmentées, induisant un pessimisme excessif et ne permettant pas d'optimisation efficace. Cet article propose une méthodologie d'étude plus réaliste basée sur le concept d'analyse temporelle statique et statistique (SSTA) et de calcul de probabilités de violation. Les résultats obtenus sur un opérateur arithmétique en technologie 65 nm permettent de mettre en exergue les limitations des techniques actuelles, la nécessité d'adopter d'autres méthodes et le bénéfice de l'utilisation d'outils statistiques pour les technologies futures

A Comparative Study of Variability Impact on Static Flip-Flop Timing Characteristics

International audienceWith the event of nanoscale technologies, new physical phenomena and technological limitations are increasing the process variability and its impact on circuit yield and performances. Like combinatory cells, the sequential cells also suffer of variations, impacting their timing characteristics. Regarding the timing behaviors, setup and hold time violation probabilities are increasing. This article aims at comparing a set of representative static flip-flop architectures used in digital designs and at studying their sensitivity to process variations. Clock-to-Q delay, hold time and setup time means and standard deviations are compared for a low power 65nm technology and commented. Then, a study of the hold/setup time failure probabilities according to the flip-flop used in a critical path is given to illustrate their robustness toward process variations

Étude des violations de temps d'établissement et de maintien dues aux variations du processus de fabrication dans un opérateur arithmétique

National audienceLa réduction des dimensions des circuits intégrés a toujours été faite au bénéfice de meilleures performances. Mais aujourd'hui, cette réduction s'accompagne d'un impact croissant des variations du processus de fabrication. Au niveau temporel, on peut ramener ces effets à une probabilité plus élevée de violations des temps de maintien et d'établissement au niveau des bascules. Actuellement, comme principale réponse face à ce problème, les marges de sécurité sont augmentées. Cet article propose une méthodologie d'étude basée sur le concept d'analyse statistique temporelle (SSTA) et de calculs de probabilité de violation. Les résultats obtenus, provenant de son application sur un opérateur arithmétique en technologie 65 nm, permettent d'avoir des informations beaucoup plus précises que celles données par les outils existants, permettant dès lors de meilleures optimisations et une baisse du pessimisme introduit par l'utilisation de marges de conception

EURL-HM-22 Proficiency test report: Determination of total As, Cd, Pb, Hg, MeHg and inorganic As in fish

The European Union Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Feed and Food (EURL-HM) organised a proficiency test (EURL-HM-22) for the determination of total As, Cd, Pb, Hg and inorganic As (iAs) in fish to support the Commission Regulation (EC) 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. This PT was open only to National Reference Laboratories (NRLs). The reference material "IAEA-436" (Tuna fish flesh homogenate) was used as test item. The finely ground dry powder material was rebottled, relabelled and dispatched to the participants. The reference values of interest were provided by the IAEA, together with an informative value for total Pb. The University of Graz (Austria) was requested to analyse the mass fraction of iAs in the material and reported a truncated value ("less than" 0.005 mg kg-1). Forty two participants from 30 countries registered to the exercise (all EU Member States plus Iceland and Norway). Only one participant could not report results due to technical instrumental problems. Laboratory results were rated using z- (z'- for MeHg) and zeta scores in accordance with ISO 13528:2015. The following relative standard deviations for proficiency assessment (σpt) were set according to the modified Horwitz equation: 13% for total Hg and MeHg; 15% for total As; and 22% for total Cd. No scoring was provided for total Pb and iAs. More than 92% of the participating NRLs reported satisfactory results (according to the z-score) for total As, Cd, Hg and MeHg, thus confirming their ability in monitoring the maximum levels set by the European Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 for fish commodities. However, only 9 (out of 41) participants reported results for MeHg. Most of the laboratories provided realistic estimates of their measurement uncertainties.JRC.F.5 - Food and Feed Complianc

Optimization of ceramic waste filter for bathroom greywater treatment using central composite design (CCD)

The present study aims to develop a filtration system consisting of ceramic wastes as a treatment process of bathroom greywater to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total nitrogen (TN), and turbidity. Optimization of the reduction efficiency was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) as a function of the ceramic practical sizes (0.25–1.18 mm) and hydraulic retention time HRT (1–3 h). The functional groups on the surface of the ceramic filter media were determined using Fourier transform irradiation (FTIR), while the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the microstructure and the surface morphology of the ceramic particles. Results revealed that the optimal reduction of COD, TSS, TN, and turbidity was influenced by active sites of the filter media (C]C, C]O, CeOeH, and OH−) and was achieved under the operating conditions of 0.25 mm of ceramic particles after 3 h of HRT, the observed and predicted reduction for COD, TSS, TN, and Turbidity were 38.8 vs. 39.8%; 58.47 vs. 59.59%; 66.66 vs. 67.32%; 88.31 vs. 89.02%, respectively. It can be concluded that the effectiveness of the ceramic filter media is a potential source for the filtration of bathroom greywater

Discrete bands of petroleum hydrocarbons and molecular organic markers identified within massive coral skeletons

The tissues of corals deposit an aragonite exoskeleton beneath their outer living film at a rate dependent on growth and hence on environmental conditions. This typically results in annual (seasonal) bands being formed within colonies. By analysing molecular organic markers within these bands, our research suggests that coral skeletons record contamination from oil and potentially could be used to investigate other anthropogenic and biogenic organic inputs. Our analyses of sections from within corals (Porites lutea) sampled from the Gulf coasts of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia demonstrate discrete bands of oil contamination which, using selected terpenoid biomarkers, can be source-indexed to specific oil fields (i.e. Kuwait, Iranian or Arabian crude oils). Together with dating using microscopic and X-ray inspection, this offers the potential to investigate contamination during recent years. Further research is, however, necessary to elucidate degradation mechanisms during, and following, the occlusion process of organics within coral skeletons

Oscillatory neural network learning for pattern recognition:an on-chip learning perspective and implementation

In the human brain, learning is continuous, while currently in AI, learning algorithms are pre-trained, making the model non-evolutive and predetermined. However, even in AI models, environment and input data change over time. Thus, there is a need to study continual learning algorithms. In particular, there is a need to investigate how to implement such continual learning algorithms on-chip. In this work, we focus on Oscillatory Neural Networks (ONNs), a neuromorphic computing paradigm performing auto-associative memory tasks, like Hopfield Neural Networks (HNNs). We study the adaptability of the HNN unsupervised learning rules to on-chip learning with ONN. In addition, we propose a first solution to implement unsupervised on-chip learning using a digital ONN design. We show that the architecture enables efficient ONN on-chip learning with Hebbian and Storkey learning rules in hundreds of microseconds for networks with up to 35 fully-connected digital oscillators.</p