„Meistens ich weiß nicht, wo ich muss das Verb gebrauchen“ Die Problematik des V2 Phänomens bei türkischen Lernenden der deutschen Sprache

The aim of this paper is to examine the issue of cross-linguistic influence in Third Language Acquisition from a processing perspective. The focus is on word order, particularly on verb placement in German declarative sentences by presenting the data from Turkish learners of German. Since the participants‟ second language or third language is English, no significant evidence was found that could be referred as neither influence of syntactic properties of Turkish nor of English. Although German is a V2 lan- guage, Turkish and English are not V2 languages. On the other hand, although German and Turkish are SOV languages, English is a SVO language. Thus, if there is transfer in syntax, it should be expected that these properties are somehow transferred. In this study we have found that processing syntactic elements of a foreign language is due to cognitive procedures rather than the influence of another languag

Neospora caninum in Aborted Bovine Fetuses in Trakya Region, Turkey - Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Detection

Background: Being the major cause of bovine abortion in the world, Neosporosis is considered to be a very important protozoal infection in dairy cattle. Vertical transplacental transmission is the major route of the infection causing either abortion or birth of calves with persistent infection. As the seropositivity in individual cows and in fetal serology only indicate exposure to the protozoa, the diagnosis of the infection has to be based on histopathology of aborted fetuses. Additional techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR are required for the detection of the etiological agent. The purpose of the current study was to diagnose Neospora caninum infection in aborted bovine fetuses in Trakya Region of Turkey. For this purpose, serological, histopathological, IHC, and PCR methods were used. Materials, Methods & Results: The blood samples and the fetuses of 55 aborted dairy cattle from various farms located in 3 provinces of Trakya, Turkey constituted the material of the present study. The sera obtained from the blood samples were tested using a Neospora caninum Antibody Test Kit cELISA and anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in the sera of the dams of the 8 aborted fetuses (8/55; 14.54%). Following the necropsy, samples from the brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and placenta of 55 fetuses were routinely processed for histopathological examination and evaluated under a light microscope. Nonsuppurative encephalitis (15/55; 27.27%), necrosis (5/55; 9%) and gliosis (1/55; 1.8%) in the brain, mild to severe nonsuppurative myocarditis and epicarditis (14/55; 25.45%), and portal to mid-zonal nonsuppurative hepatitis (13/55; 23.63%) were the relevant findings. PCR analysis was performed on fresh frozen fetal tissues. Nested PCR detected N. caninum DNA in the brain, heart, liver, lung, and kidney tissues of 6 fetuses (6/55; 10.9%). IHC was performed on the brain, heart, and liver tissues of all the fetuses using avidin-biotin-complex peroxidase method. Immunoreactivity was observed in the brain of 1 fetus (1/55; 1.8%). Discussion: In the present study, histopathological, immunohistochemical and PCR analyses were performed to detect N. caninum in 55 spontenously aborted bovine fetuses in Trakya Region, Turkey. Histopathologic hallmark of the study was nonsuppurative inflammation found mostly in the brain, heart and liver followed by kidneys and lungs. No protozoa was observed in the microscopic examination supporting the fact that definitive diagnosis of N. caninum infection requires ancillary techniques such as IHC and PCR. Nested PCR detected N. caninum DNA in the tissues of 6 fetuses (6/55; 10.9%). Brain was the most reliable organ for detection by PCR (6/6; 100%), compatible with the previous reports. IHC diagnosis revealed only 1.8% positivity in the present study which was remarkably lower than found in the previous studies. Even though histopathology in conjunction with IHC are accepted as the “gold standard” methods to detect N. caninum infection in aborted bovine fetuses, there are studies claiming that IHC is relatively insensitive in the diagnosis of neosporosis as parasite numbers can be low and thus, false negative results can be obtained. Other factors affecting the sensitivity of the technique are thoroughly discussed by many authors. Supportively, the findings of the current study showed that using both IHC and PCR as complementary techniques, increases the success of detection of N. caninum as recommended in previous studies. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the first molecular diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in bovine aborted fetuses in Trakya Region of Turkey which has a critical geographical location bordering Europe. Keywords: bovine abortion, protozoal infection, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, PCR, Neospora caninum

Eyelid tumors in dogs: 47 cases retrospective study (2006-2017)

Çalışmada 2006-2017 yılları arasında İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı Kliniği’ne göz kapağında kitle şikayeti ile getirilen ve sağaltımları yapılan toplam 47 köpeğe ait göz kapağı tümörleri olguları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olguların ayrıntılı göz muayenesi yapıldı. Kitlelerin uzaklaştırılmasında V şeklinde eksizyon yeğlenerek, tümör tam katlı olarak bölgeden uzaklaştırıldı. Yapılan histopatolojik inceleme sonucu, meibomian bezlerden köken alan neoplazmaların çoğunlukta olduğu belirlendi. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen veriler ile göz kapağı tümörü oluşumunda ırk predispozisyonu, yaşın ve cinsiyetin etkisi ile en yaygın görülen göz kapağı tümörü belirlenip, kullanılan cerrahi yöntemin rekonstruktif blefaroplastiye gerek kalmadan, kitlelerin uzaklaştırılmasında yeterli olduğu görüldü.In this study, the eyelid tumors and the treatment results of 47 dogs referred to Istanbul University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery with a complaint of eyelid masses were evaluated retrospectively. Cases underwent detailed ophtalmic examination. A V-shaped excision was performed and the tumor was removed in full-thickness. Histopathological examination revealed that most of the neoplasms originating from the meibomian glands were observed. The most common eyelid tumors and formation of the eyelid tumors with respect to the race predisposition, and effects of age and sex were defined. The surgical method used were sufficient for removal of the masses without the necessity of a reconstructive blepharoplasty

A Research on Determining The Role of Destination Image on Destination Selection Decisions of Tourists: The Case of Kaş

Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin önemli dalış destinasyonlarından Kaş’ı ziyaret eden yerli ve yabancı turistlerin destinasyon ile ilgili sahip oldukları imajı oluşturan unsurların belirlenmesi ve bu unsurların turistlerin demografik değişkenlerine göre farklılık düzeylerinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Haziran-Ağustos 2019 döneminde ilgili destinasyonu ziyaret eden yerli ve yabancı turistlere kendilerinin cevapladıkları toplam 300 anket formu ulaştırılmıştır. Geri dönüş sağlanan anketlerden 34 tanesi cevap kodlamalarının %50’sinden fazlasının boş bırakılmasından 22 tanesi ise aynı cevap alanının birden fazla kodlanmasından dolayı değerlendirme dışında bırakılmıştır. Yapılan analizler (SPSS) neticesinde (244 katılımcı); Kaş’ı ziyaret eden yerli ve yabancı turistlerin genel memnuniyet düzeylerinin (%68) ve tekrar ziyaret niyetlerinin (%66) yüksek; destinasyon imajını genel değerlendirme düzeylerinin (%76) ve destinasyona duyulan arzu düzeylerinin (%78) ise çok yüksek düzeyde gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir.In this study, it is aimed to determine the elements of the image that domestic and foreign tourists have about Kaş, which is one of the major diving destinations in Turkey and to measure the difference levels of these elements in terms of demographic variables of tourists. For this purpose, a total of 300 questionnaires were delivered to domestic and foreign tourists visiting the destination in June-August 2019. Of the questionnaires, 34 were excluded from the evaluation because more than 50 % of the response codings were left blank and 22 were ecluded from the evaluation because the same answer field was coded more than one. As a result of the analysis (SPSS) (244 participants); it was determined that general satisfaction (68 %) and intention to revisit (66 %) levels of domestic and foreign tourists visiting Kaş were high; and it was determined that the levels of the overall assessment of the destination image (76 %) and the desire to destination (78 %) were very high