Changing Casing-Design of New Geothermal Wells in Western Anatolia for Adapting to the Changes in Reservoir Conditions

The traditional casing-design of geothermal wells in Western Turkey is no longer cost-effective and shortening wells’ production lifetime. The current reservoir conditions are much different from their initial values. Significant reduction of reservoir pressure and NCG (Noncondensable Gases) content have been observed in many geothermal fields in Western Turkey due to the construction of oversized power plants, aggressive production, and lack of unitized reservoir management. Thus, there is a need to adapt the casing-design of new production wells for the recent reservoir dynamics. A case study from the Alaşehir field, Western Turkey, is presented in this study. The proposed casing-design increases the performance and production lifetime of the artesian wells. It also enables the operators to use ESPs (Electrical Submersible Pumps) and LSPs (Line Shaft Pumps) with a large diameter for delivering large flowrates. With the new casingdesign, we also aim to prevent casing-collapse due to poor cementing job between 95/8” and 133/8” casings. A set of codes written in Python was used to construct the new casing-design. The effect of the proposed design on the performance of artesian wells is studied using a wellbore simulation program, an academic version of PIPESIM. ESPs are proposed for the new and traditional casing program in the field. The proposed design will give a good insight into the development of the depleted geothermal reservoirs

Toplumsal Bölünmeyi Tetikleyen Fırkacı/Mezhepçi Algıya Karşı Kur’ani Önlemler

Allah’ın yarattığı en değerli varlık olan insan toplumsal bir varlıktır. Tarihi süreçte her toplumda olduğu gibi, Müslüman toplumlarda da bölünmeler, parçalanmalar, buna bağlı olan stereotip bakışların (kalıp yargılar) etkisiyle toplumda iç çekişmeler, savaşlar ve acılar yaşanmış, günümüzde de yaşanmaktadır. Din, toplumun birlik, beraberlik ve bütünlüğünü sağlamada çok önemli bir fonksiyona sahip olmakla birlikte, dinsel inanç ve anlayışların içinde yaşadıkları toplumdan, o topluma hâkim olan egemen güçlerden, sosyal tabaka ve mesleklerden etkilendiği, ona göre şekil aldığı ve bunun sonucunda bazı dinî cereyanların da oluştuğu sosyolojik bir realitedir. “Toplumsal Bölünmeyi Tetikleyen Fırkacı/Mezhepçi Algıya Karşı Kur’ani Önlemler” başlığı altında ele alınan bu çalışmada ayetler bütünlüğünde Kur’an’ın söz konusu probleme karşı önlemleri, getirmiş olduğu çözüm önerileri ve toplumun bu öneriler doğrultusunda bilinçlenmesinin gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur

29-72 aylık çocukların olumsuz ve prososyal yalan söyleme davranışlarının incelenmesi

Yalan söyleme davranışları konusunda yapılan çalışmalar çocukların genellikle üç yaşından itibaren basit yalanlar söyleyebildiklerini göstermektedir. Ancak ülkemizde bu konuda çalışmaların yapılmamış olması, Türkiye’deki çocukların yalan söyleme becerileri konusunda yorum yapılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, mevcut çalışmada ülkemizdeki okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının olumsuz ve prososyal yalan söyleme davranışları incelenmiştir. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel yöntem ile yürütülmüş, yapılandırılmış doğrudan gözlemle davranışlar kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmaya yaşları 29-72 ay (Ortay= 51,94) arasında değişen 62’si kız, 62’si erkek olmak üzere toplam 124 çocuk katılmıştır. Katılımcıların olumsuz yalan söyleme davranışlarını değerlendirmek için cazibeye karşı koyma görevi, prososyal yalan söyleme davranışlarını değerlendirmek için de hayal kırıklığına uğratan hediye görevi kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, olumsuz yalan söyleme konusunda büyük yaş çocuklarının anlamlı olarak daha başarılı oldukları; prososyal yalanların ise yaşa göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği bulunmuştur. Bulgular büyük yaş çocuklarının gelişmekte olan bilişsel becerileri ve yaşla birlikte daha çok etkilendikleri sosyalleşme süreçleri kapsamında tartışılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Türkiye’de henüz emekleme aşamasında olan küçük yaş çocuklarının yalan söyleme davranışları konusunda öncü bilgiler sağlaması bakımından önem taşımaktadır

Comparison of carbon sequestration and soil/litter characteristics in black pine and maritime pine afforestation areas in the Western Black Sea Region

Land use and land use change can positively or negatively affect carbon and nutrient stocks in ecosystems. This study was carried out to determine the effects of afforestation with black pine and maritime pine species on carbon stocks and soil and litter characteristics. The study was conducted on afforestation areas and adjacent bare lands in Bartın-Ulus county, located in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Three sample plots of 20×20 m were taken from each land use and the diameter at breast height and tree heights in these sample plots were measured Using the diameter and height values and the biomass equations and carbon ratios developed for the relevant tree species, the tree biomass and carbon stock per unit area were calculated. Then, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and litter samples were taken from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth intervals at three points in each sample plot. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and litter samples were determined in the laboratory and measurements in the sample plots were converted to a unit area. The data were evaluated using independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance. The results showed that afforestation significantly changed N, S, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations in the soil; and C, S, Mn, and Zn concentrations in black pine and maritime pine forest floor were different. Besides, the ecosystem carbon (C) stocks differed significantly with forest land use type; black pine plantations, maritime pine plantations and bare land accumulated 148 t C ha-1, 89 t C ha-1 and 27 t C ha-1, respectively. Thus, we suggest that priority should be given to black pine in afforestation of the region and in other ecosystems with similar climates. The results of the research can be used in species selection for afforestation studies in terms of reducing the impact of global climate change

DOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİ'NDE TEDAVİ AMAÇLI KULLANILAN BAZI ALLIUM TÜRLERİNİN BİYOLOJİK AKTİVİTE VE FİTOKİMYASAL KOMPOZİSYONU

Bitkisel kökenli doğal ürünler zengin bir biyoçeşitlilik, lokal flora ve faunaya sahip olan Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde kanser, karın ağrısı, diyabet vb. hastalıkların tedavisi ve/veya önlenmesinde etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır (Dalar ve Mukemre, 2018)

Quantitative analysis of the olfactory system in pediatric epilepsy: a magnetic resonance imaging study

PURPOSEOlfactory dysfunction is a well-known complication in epilepsy. Studies have demonstrated that olfactory bulb volume (OBV), olfactory tract length (OTL), and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) can be reliably evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we compared the OBV, OTL, and OSD values of children with epilepsy and those of healthy children (controls) of similar age. Our aim was to determine the presence of olfactory dysfunction in children with epilepsy and demonstrate the effects of the epilepsy type and treatment on olfactory function in these patients.METHODSCranial MRI images of 36 patients with epilepsy and 108 controls (3–17 years) were evaluated. The patients with epilepsy were divided into groups according to the type of disease and treatment method. Subsequently, OBV and OSD were measured from the coronal section and OTL from the sagittal section. The OBV, OTL, and OSD values were compared between the epilepsy group, subgroups, and controls.RESULTSOBV was significantly reduced in the children with epilepsy compared with the control group (P 0.05)

The effects of inhaled pimpinella peregrina essential oil on scopolamine-Induced memory impairment, anxiety, and depression in laboratory rats

Compliance with Ethical Standards Rats were treated in accordance with the guidelines of the animal bioethics of the Act on Animal Experimentation and Animal Health and Welfare from Romania and all procedures were in compliance with Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. This study was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi (Permit Number: 2192) and also, efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and to reduce the number of animals used.In the present study, we identified the effects of inhaled Pimpinella peregrina essential oil (1 and 3 %, for 21 continuous days) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment, anxiety, and depression in laboratory rats. Y-maze and radial arm-maze tests were used for assessing memory processes. Also, the anxiety and depressive responses were studied by means of the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests. The scopolamine alone-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of the spontaneous alternation percentage in Y-maze test, increase of the number of working and reference memory errors in radial arm-maze test, along with decrease of the exploratory activity, the percentage of the time spent and the number of entries in the open arm within elevated plus-maze test and decrease of swimming time and increase of immobility time within forced swimming test. Inhalation of the P. peregrina essential oil significantly improved memory formation and exhibited anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in scopolamine-treated rats. Our results suggest that the P. peregrina essential oil inhalation ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, studies on the P. peregrina essential oil may open a new therapeutic window for the prevention of neurological abnormalities closely related to Alzheimer’s disease.Emel Aydin was supported by LLP Erasmus (2013/2014), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romani

Diagnostic value of Chest CT and Initial Real-Time RT-PCR in COVID-19 Infection

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the rtRT-PCR test and CT in patients presenting with typical clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: The study with the participation of four center in Turkey was performed retrospectively from 20 March-15 April 2020 in 203 patients confirmed for COVID-19. The initial rtRT-PCR test was positive in 142 (70.0%) of the patients (Group-I) and negative in 61 patients (Group-II). Results: The mean age of the patients in Group-I was 49.718.0 years and the time between the onset of symptoms and admission to the hospital was 3.6 +/- 2.0 days; whereas the same values for the patients in Group-II were 58.1 +/- 19.9 and 5.3 +/- 4.2, respectively (p=0.004; p=0.026). Initial rtRT-PCR was found positive with 83.5% sensitivity and 74.1% PPV in patients with symptom duration of less than five days. It was found that rtRT-PCR positivity correlated negatively with the presence of CT findings, age, comorbidity, shortness of breath, and symptom duration, while rtRT-PCR positivity correlated positively with headache. Presence of CT findings was positively correlated with age, comorbidity, shortness of breath, fever, and the symptom duration. Conclusions: It should be noted that a negative result in the rtRT-PCR test does not rule out the possibility of COVID-19 diagnosis in patients whose symptom duration is longer than five days, who are elderly with comorbidities and in particular who present with fever and shortness of breath. In these patients, typical CT findings are diagnostic for COVID-19. A normal chest CT is no reason to loosen up measures of isolation in patients with newly beginning symptoms until the results are obtained from the PCR test

Does Inferior Oblique Muscle Overaction Affect Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials?

Objectives: Inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) is a common ocular motility disorder. Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (oVEMP) are tests that evaluate the reflex pathway between the utricular macula and the inferior oblique muscle to detect vestibular diseases. Our study is of great importance as it is the first study in the literature to evaluate the effect of inferior oblique muscle overaction on oVEMP parameters. Methods: Thirty-five patients with unilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA group) and 18 healthy volunteers without any neurological or vestibulocochlear disease were included in this study. All patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated with oVEMP. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the n1 latency, p1 latency, n1-p1 latency measurement values of the participants included in the study (p\u3e0,05). A statistically significant difference was found between the n1-p1 amplitude measurement values of the participants in patient groups (non-squint eyes, squint eyes) and control groups (p-value was 0.038). Conclusion: In IOOA patients, vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway may be affected, vestibular symptoms may develop thus o-VEMP responses may be affected. A careful anamnesis should be taken in IOOA patients, and it should be kept in mind that n1-p1 amplitudes and asymmetries may be significantly higher when o-VEMP is performe