n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)

Sea surface microlayer (SML) and sea water samples (SSW) collected in the Gerlache Inlet Sea (Antarctica) were analysed for n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The SML is a potential enrichment site of hydrophobic organic compounds compared to the underlying water column. Total concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs (dissolved and particulate) in subsurface water (−0.5 m depth) were 272– 553 ng l−1 (mean: 448 ng l−1) and 5.27–9.43 ng l−1 (mean: 7.06 ng l−1), respectively. In the SML, the concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs were 353–968 ng l−1 (mean: 611 ng l−1) and 7.32–23.94 ng l−1 (mean: 13.22 ng l−1), respectively. To evaluate possible PAH contamination sources, specific PAH ratios were calculated. The ratios reflected a predominant petrogenic input. A characterisation of surface active substances was also performed on SML and SSW samples, both by gas bubble extraction, and by dynamic surface tension measurements. Results showed a good correlation between n-alkanes, PAHs and refractory organic matter

Türkiye'de 1930'lu yıllarda öjenik

With the progress of evaluation theories, it has been believed thar Homo sapiens of various originations differed numerously. This idea apparently was a stroke for the assertion defending brotherhood in monotheist societies. Coincidentally the publishing of Darwin's work was a triggering factor of the hypothesis and whether it would have been applicable for human beingsfor the purpose of creating unadulterated race. Industrialised capitalist societies were in need of a new ideological justification; scientific knowledge presented it. Natural sciences were used to model the society. Social Darwinists utilised certain tasks to promote the objective, commencing late 19th century. Eugenics may be encountered as an example. From these efforts, racism grew. The thesis herewith analyses the measures that were imposed in early Republic during the 1930's. Though not precise, we observe worthj quoting similarities with measures adopted in European societies. Conformations of certain governmental apparatuses were the major issue that was studied in detail. Propositions and legislative paces put forward to ascend, as relevant acts through a young National Assembly comprised our choice of interest. Evidently administration's tendency and efforts to renovate the country as a modern capitalist industrialised society demolished the doctrine of creating socially and physically purified members; since ideologies competed in impromptu. Though that was the case referred as above, it tended to diminish in the short run. Due to immense tiresome alterations to be held, the case had to quit.Evrim teorilerinin gelişmesiyle, değişik yerlerdeki Homo sapiens 'in "çok çeşitli" olduğuna inanılmaya başlandı. Açıkçası, bu düşünce, tek tanrılı dinlerin hakim olduğu toplumlardaki insanların kardeşliği inancı için yıkıcı oldu. Bu tartışmaların yapıldığı ortamda Darwin' in teorisinin yayınlanması, bahsi geçen hipotez için tetikleyici olurken, bu düşüncelerin insanoğlunun safiaştırılmasında kullanılma olasılıkları üzerinde çalışılmasına yol açtı. Endüstrileşmiş kapitalist toplumlar yeni bir ideolojik meşrulaştmcıya ihtiyaç duymaktaydı; bilimsel düşünce bunu sağladı. Tabii bilimler, model olarak, toplumu şekillendirmek için kullanıldı. Sosyal Darvvin'ciler 19' uncu yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren, bu amaca ulaşılması için çok çabaladılar. Öjenik bunun bir örneğidir. Bu çabalardan ırkçılık doğdu, gelişti. Bu tez Cumhuriyetimizin ilk yıllarında, 1930'lar süresince, sağlık uygulamalarını araştırmaktadır. Tam aynısı olmamakla birlikte, Avrupa'daki uygulamalarla kayda değer benzerlikleri gözlüyoruz. Bu tezde devlet aygıtının bazılarının bu konulardaki uyumlulukları ayrıntılarıyla incelenmiştir. Önermeler ve giderek artan bir kararlılıkla getirilen yasal uygulamalar, genç Millet Meclisinin yasama erkinin konu ile ilgisi, asıl inceleme alam olmuştur. Açıktır ki, idarenin eğilimleri ve ülkeyi modern kapitalist endüstrileşmiş bir topluma dönüştürme çabalan, toplumsal ve fiziksel saflaştırmayı amaçlama düşüncesini de gerektiriyordu; bu düşünceler birbirleriyle örtüşmekte idi. Durum yukarıda anlatıldığı gibi olmakla birlikte, kısa süre sonra terk edildi. Yapılması gerekecek büyük değişikliklerin göze alınamaması konunun kapatılmasına yol açtı.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Study on Preparation and First-Stage Sintering Kinetics of ThO₂-UO₂ Pellets Made by Sol-Gel Microspheres Technique

The sol-gel method, which is among the methods used for the production of ThO₂-UO₂ mixed oxide fuel pellets, allows a high degree of micro-homogeneity of uranium and thorium in the solution stage. The present study seeks to develop an alternative method in order to produce mixed thorium-uranium dioxide fuel pellets, prepared by internal gelation technique of sol-gel process. The study also aims to investigate shrinkage behavior and first-stage sintering kinetics of pellets compacted in the Ar-5%H₂ atmosphere using a dilatometer. The chemical and physical properties such as density, homogeneity, O/M ratio, metallic impurities, unit cell parameters, phase contents and surface area of powders, that have different compositions of thoria-urania, were studied. The influences of sintering parameters on the characteristics of microspheres and on the properties of sintered pellets are discussed

Sintering Properties Of V2o5, Ta2o5 And Nb2o5 Doped Tho2 Powder Under Ar-10% H-2 Atmosphere

ThO2 powder was obtained by precipitating thorium oxalate from thorium nitrate solution using oxalic acid in the presence of ultrasound and then calcinating the precipitate. ThO2 and 0.25 mol% V2O5, 0.25 mol% Ta2O5 and 0.25 mol% Nb2O5 separately mixed then pressed into cylindrical pellets. The green pellets were sintered at 1400 and 1700 T under Ar-10% H-2 atmosphere. Sintered densities of pellets were determined and microstructural observations carried out. The results showed that Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 doped ThO2 pellets had higher densities than V2O5 doped ThO2 pellets after sintering at 1400 and 1700degreesC. Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 doped ThO2 pellets reached a density of 97% TD after sintering at 1700 degreesC. Microstructural observations showed that V2O5 doped thoria pellets after sintering at 1700degreesC had average grain size of 15 mum while it was 32 and 30 mum for the Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 doped ThO2 pellets, respectively