Fondos arqueológicos del Museo Histórico Minero Don Felipe de Borbón y Grecia: Museo Histórico-Minero Don Felipe de Borbón y Grecia

El Museo Histórico Minero Don Felipe de Borbón y Grecia tiene como principal objetivo conservar y dar a conocer el rico patrimonio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas, de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A lo largo de sus 227 años de vida, en la Escuela se han acumulado materiales variados (minerales y rocas, fósiles, conchas, instrumentos de medición y enseñanza, lámparas de mina, maquetas de procesos industriales y mineros, valiosos libros históricos, mapas y documentos, cartas y apuntes, piezas arqueológicas...) que se trata de preservar cuidadosamente, en primer lugar por su alto valor intrínseco (científico, industrial, histórico), pero también porque constituyen el testimonio de las aportaciones de muchos ingenieros, profesores, geólogos y, en general, personas vinculadas con la Institución, que a lo largo de estos dos siglos largos han dejado en ella lo mejor de sus vidas profesionales. Un museo de estas características es singular por sus contenidos, y muy difícil de clasificar. Es, desde luego, histórico, y tal es el principal sentido que se le pretende dar en la actualidad. Pero también es, o pretende ser, didáctico y universitario, porque no renuncia a la función docente y formativa que puede derivarse de la adecuada exposición de sus contenidos. A la vez público (por su pertenencia a la Universidad y su apertura al público en general) y privado (porque su origen está en colecciones cedidas a la Escuela por particulares para fines específicos). Es un Museo de Ciencias y de la Ciencia, porque una parte importante de sus colecciones está formada por ejemplares de minerales, fósiles y rocas, y porque contiene elementos que han servido para generar y transmitir la ciencia desde finales del siglo XVIII. A aquéllos que lean este libro les puede sorprender la presencia en el Museo de una rica y variada, aunque no muy extensa, colección de piezas arqueológicas. La explicación debe buscarse en el origen y desarrollo de las investigaciones arqueológicas en España, que tiene lugar en el siglo XIX. En los primeros estudios arqueológicos tuvieron un papel destacado algunos ilustres ingenieros de minas, profesores de la Escuela, como D. Guillermo Schulz y D. Casiano de Prado. Muchas publicaciones suyas avalan su gran conocimiento y profundo interés por la Arqueología naciente

Multiple Paternity in a Reintroduced Population of the Orinoco Crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) at the El Frío Biological Station, Venezuela

The success of a reintroduction program is determined by the ability of individuals to reproduce and thrive. Hence, an understanding of the mating system and breeding strategies of reintroduced species can be critical to the success, evaluation and effective management of reintroduction programs. As one of the most threatened crocodile species in the world, the Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) has been reduced to only a few wild populations in the Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia. One of these populations was founded by reintroduction at Caño Macanillal and La Ramera lagoon within the El Frío Biological Station, Venezuela. Twenty egg clutches of C. intermedius were collected at the El Frío Biological Station for incubation in the lab and release of juveniles after one year. Analyzing 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci from 335 hatchlings we found multiple paternity in C. intermedius, with half of the 20 clutches fathered by two or three males. Sixteen mothers and 14 fathers were inferred by reconstruction of multilocus parental genotypes. Our findings showed skewed paternal contributions to multiple-sired clutches in four of the clutches (40%), leading to an overall unequal contribution of offspring among fathers with six of the 14 inferred males fathering 90% of the total offspring, and three of those six males fathering more than 70% of the total offspring. Our results provide the first evidence of multiple paternity occurring in the Orinoco crocodile and confirm the success of reintroduction efforts of this critically endangered species in the El Frío Biological Station, Venezuela

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Dimorfismo sexual en Microtus cabrerae en base a los caracteres de su pelvis.Notas sobre la distribución y ecología de Microtus cabreae, Thomas, 1906.Alimentación de la culebra bastarda (Malpolon monspessulanus, Ophidia, Colubridae) en el S. O. de España.Selectividad en la predación de la lechuza común (Tyto alba) sobre Rano ridibunda.Variations in the food habits of the european Eagle Owl. (Bubo bubo)Contaminación en huevos de aves silvestres de lSuroeste de España por residuos organoclorados (Insecticidas y bifenilos policlorados)Sobre el status taxonómico del águila imperial ibéricaEstudio filogenético y comparativo de Microtus cabrerae y Microtus brecciensisDescripción de una nueva especie de liebre (Lepus castroviejoi), endémica de la Cordillera CantábricaPeer reviewe

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

The structure of a mediterranean lizard communityDiet of the eagle owl (Bubo bubo) in mediterranean SpainTamaño de la puesta y mortalidad entre los pollos del Aguila Real ibérica (Aquila chrysaetos homeyeriDistribución y frecuencia de la cópula del buitre leonado (Gyps fulvus) en el Sur de EspañaRégimen alimenticio del calamón (Porphyrio porphyrio) en las Marismas del GuadalquivilVisible migration over the Colo Doñana, Spring 1973Diet of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the western Sierra Morena (South Spain).Microestructura del esmalte en los incisivos de Roedores. l. Variaciones con la edadDistribution and habitat of the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvana) in North MoroccoNotas sobre distribución de los peces fluviales en el Suroeste de España.Nuevas localidades de Valencia hispanica (Pisces:Ciprinodontidae) en el Suroeste de España.Hallazgo de Natrix mauro albinaNidificación del Phoenicopterus ruber en las Marismas del Bajo GuadalquivirNido de Aythya ferina parasitado por Fulica atraNuevos datos sobre la distribución de algunos micromamífesl ibéricos (Microtus arvalís ,M. cabrerae, M. agrestís y Sorex minutus).Neomys anomalus: Nueva localidad en el Suroeste de EspañaPeer reviewe

Ecología del caimán de anteojos o baba (Caiman cocodrilus L.) en los Llanos de Apure (Venezuela)

Peer reviewe

Resurrection of hyalinobatrachium orocostale and notes on the hyalinobatrachium orientale species complex (Anura: Centrolenidae)

Hyalinobatrachium orientale has a complex taxonomic history suggesting that more than one species could be under this name. In this review, we try to clarify the current taxonomic status of this species by means of morphological, bioacoustic, and mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons of specimens from Tobago Island and the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa (Oriental Sector, Cordillera del Litoral and Cordillera del Interior). Our data support the resurrection of Hyalinobatrachium orocostale, restricted to the Cordillera del Interior. Additionally, specimens from Cordillera del Litoral and Oriental Sector do not form a monophyletic group; hence, we define as Hyalinobatrachium sp. the populations from Cordillera del Litoral and H. orientale sensu stricto the populations from the Oriental Sector. Preliminary bioacoustic and morphological analyses indicate that the populations from Tobago are conspecific with Hyalinobatrachium orientale sensu stricto. © 2008 by The Herpetologists' League, Inc.Peer Reviewe

Una nueva especie de rana de cristal del género Hyalinobatrachium (Anura: Centrolenidae) del Delta del Río Orinoco, Venezuela

Se describe una nueva especie de Hyalinobatrachium del grupo fleischmanni, H. mondolfii, de las planicies inundables del delta del río Orinoco, Venezuela. Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii se distingue del resto de las especies del grupo por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: peritoneo parietal translúcido, pericardio y peritoneos visceral y hepático blancos, coloración dorsal en vida verde claro con diminutos puntos amarillos y en preservativo crema uniforme con diminutos melanóforos oscuros (visibles solo bajo magnificación, huesos blancos en vida, palmeadura de manos y pies extensa, cabeza redondeada en vista dorsal e inclinada en vista lateral, piel dorsal granular y un canto con frecuencia fundamental superior a los 5 000 Hz.A new species of Hyalinobatrachium of the fleischmanni group, H. mondolfii, is described from the Orinoco delta floodplains in Venezuela. This new species can be distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: parietal peritoneum clear, pericardium white, visceral and hepatic peritoneum white, color in life pale green with diminute yellow spots and, in preservative, cream with small dark melanophores (visible only under magnification), bones white in life, extense webbing, snout round in dorsal view and inclinate in lateral view, dorsal skin granulate and a advertisement call with a fundamental frequency greater than 5000 Hz

Una nueva especie de rana de cristal del género Hyalinobatrachium (Anura: Centrolenidae) del Delta del Río Orinoco, Venezuela

Se describe una nueva especie de Hyalinobatrachium del grupo fleischmanni, H. mondolfii, de las planicies inundables del delta del río Orinoco, Venezuela. Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii se distingue del resto de las especies del grupo por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: peritoneo parietal translúcido, pericardio y peritoneos visceral y hepático blancos, coloración dorsal en vida verde claro con diminutos puntos amarillos y en preservativo crema uniforme con diminutos melanóforos oscuros (visibles solo bajo magnificación, huesos blancos en vida, palmeadura de manos y pies extensa, cabeza redondeada en vista dorsal e inclinada en vista lateral, piel dorsal granular y un canto con frecuencia fundamental superior a los 5 000 Hz<br>A new species of Hyalinobatrachium of the fleischmanni group, H. mondolfii, is described from the Orinoco delta floodplains in Venezuela. This new species can be distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: parietal peritoneum clear, pericardium white, visceral and hepatic peritoneum white, color in life pale green with diminute yellow spots and, in preservative, cream with small dark melanophores (visible only under magnification), bones white in life, extense webbing, snout round in dorsal view and inclinate in lateral view, dorsal skin granulate and a advertisement call with a fundamental frequency greater than 5000 H

Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense

&lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;(Fig. 5)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Centrolenella iaspidiensis&lt;/i&gt; Ayarzag&uuml;ena, 1992: 23.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Centrolene iaspidiensis&lt;/i&gt; Duellman, 1993: 50.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; Myers and Donnelly, 1997: 16. &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium nouraguensis&lt;/i&gt; Lescure and Marty, 2000: 74, &lt;b&gt;synonym&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium nouraguense&lt;/i&gt; Kok and Castroviejo-Fisher, 2008: 48.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type locality.&lt;/b&gt; Quebrada de Jaspe, San Ignacio de Yuran&iacute;, (04&deg;55&rsquo;N, 61&deg;05&rsquo;W; 800&ndash;1000 m) Bol&iacute;var, Venezuela.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; (1) Dentigerous processes on vomer and vomerine teeth absent; (2) snout truncate in dorsal and lateral view; (3) tympanum covered by skin, not visible through skin; (4) dorsal skin from smooth to shagreened in life and preservative, (5) presence of small cloacal enameled warts; (6) parietal peritoneum transparent, pericardium transparent, visceral and hepatic peritonea white, all other peritonea transparent; (7) liver bulbous; (8) humeral spine absent; (9) webbing formula of fingers III (2&ndash; &ndash; 2) &ndash; (2&ndash; &ndash; 2+) IV; (10) webbing formula of toes I (1 &ndash; 1+) &ndash; (2+ &ndash; 2 1/3) II (1 &ndash; 1 1/3) &ndash; (2+ &ndash; 2 1/4) III (1 &ndash; 1+) &ndash; (2 1/2 &ndash; 2 3/4) IV (2+ &ndash; 2 1/4) &ndash; (1+ &ndash; 1 1/4) V; (11) enameled ulnar and tarsal folds; (12) nuptial pad Type-V composed by a group of packed glands and situated in the medial, dorso-lateral internal side of Finger I, glands not present in other fingers, prepollex not evident from external view; (13) Finger I longer than Finger II; (14) eye diameter larger than width of disc on Finger III; (15) coloration in life: dorsum light green with big irregular darker green patches, black dots, and minute melanophores, bones white; (16) coloration in preservative: cream with big irregular white patches and black dots; (17) iris yellow with dark grey flecks; (18) minute melanophores not extending throughout fingers and toes except base of Finger IV and Toe V; in life, tip of fingers and toes white; (19) advertisement call composed by a single pulsed note lasting 0.05&ndash; 0.10 s, dominant frequency of 4220.5&ndash;5000.5 Hz, males call from the underside of leaves; (20) fighting behavior unknown; (21) egg clutches deposited on the underside of leaves, males often on the same leaf than eggs; (22) tadpole not described; (23) medium size adult males, SVL = 18.7&ndash;22.2 (20.3 &plusmn; 0.8, N = 25) mm and one female 22.0 mm.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Comparisons.&lt;/b&gt; The following unique combination of phenotypic characters differentiates &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; from all other species in the genus: snout truncated in dorsal and lateral views, tympanic membrane and annulus not appreciable in life, pericardium transparent, hand webbing formula III (2- -2) &ndash; (2&ndash;-2+) IV, dorsal coloration in life light green with big irregular darker green patches and black dots, dorsal coloration in preservative cream with big irregular white patches and black dots, iris coloration in life yellowish, clearing out towards eyelids, with dark flecks, coloration of bones in life white, coloration of hands and feet in life white, and a pulsed single note advertisement call without frequency or amplitude modulation, lasting 0.05&ndash; 0.10 s and with dominant frequency of 4220.5&ndash;5000.5 Hz.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Morphological, bioacoustic and genetic evidences allowing the differentiation between &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; and all other species of &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium&lt;/i&gt; from the GS are summarized in Figures 2, 3, 5 and Tables 1, 3.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks.&lt;/b&gt; To address the question of whether or not there are morphological differences between &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H. nouraguense&lt;/i&gt;, we compared the type material of both species plus additional specimens from Guyana (N = 8), French Guiana (N = 4), Suriname (N = 11), and Venezuela (N = 2). We could not find any difference in the studied characters. Furthermore, we found descriptive lapses in both Lescure and Marty (2000) and Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2007). These are not preservation artifacts as stated by Y&aacute;&ntilde;ez- Mu&ntilde;oz &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (2009). Both works described the pericardium of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;nouraguense&lt;/i&gt; as white (versus transparent in &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt;); however, all the specimens examined (including the type series of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;nouraguense&lt;/i&gt; and other material from French Guiana) have a transparent pericardium (Fig. 5 D). The morphological characters, therefore, do not allow us to separate two species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; We also compared the morphology of those specimens with that of the holotype of &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium mesai&lt;/i&gt; (the only known specimen for this species). The only consistent difference was that &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mesai&lt;/i&gt; has green bones in life and those of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;nouraguense&lt;/i&gt; are white (see also the Remarks section for &lt;i&gt;H. mesai&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Our bioacoustic analyses show, in concordance with the morphological data, that there are no divergent features between the calls of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mesai&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;nouraguense&lt;/i&gt;. The description of the call of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mesai&lt;/i&gt; by Barrio-Amor&oacute;s and Brewer-Car&iacute;as (2008) indicates that it is longer than that of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;nouraguense&lt;/i&gt;. However, the audiospectogram pictured in their publication has too little resolution to be properly compared. Our own analysis indicates that there are no differences in the calls between &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mesai&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Cocroft &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; (2001) report an unidentified species of &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium&lt;/i&gt; from the Amazonian foothills of the Peruvian Andes in Manu National Park. They provide a photograph and the advertisement call of a single male. The specimen fully corresponds to the description here provided for &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; and the parameters and structure of its advertisement call falls within the variability of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt;. Rivera and Knell (2006) report a photograph of a specimen from the Amazonian lowlands of Tapiche, Loreto, Peru, which shares all of its morphological characters with &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt;. Photographs of six specimens collected from R&iacute;o Ituxi, Amazonas, Brazil fully agree with the morphological characteristics of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; (J.P. Caldwell, unpublished data). The sequences obtained from tissue samples of these Brazilian specimens included in our study further support their identification (Fig. 3) and corroborate the morphological analysis. Accordingly, we assign all these specimens to &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt;, extending its distribution from its most western record in Brazil and Peru.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Biology and tadpole.&lt;/b&gt; Very little information is available. Position of calling males and advertisement call are described in Se&ntilde;aris and Ayarzag&uuml;ena (2005) and Lescure and Marty (2000). Here we provide new information from the known locality in Guyana (Ernst &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2005, 2006). Calling males were always found on the underside of leaves, usually facing leaf axils. Up to three males were observed calling from the same tree usually during and after rain. Individuals of &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; occupied lower forest strata (&asymp; 1.0&ndash;2.0 m) in vegetation overhanging fast flowing segments of the creek, as compared to the sympatric &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mondolfii&lt;/i&gt;, whose calling sites were located in higher strata (&asymp; 4.0&ndash;6.0 m). Calling males of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; were found near by (&le; 5 cm) clutches containing 22 (in all cases recorded, N = 4) relatively large white eggs. A clutch containing 22 semi-developed tadpoles (Gosner 1960; stages 21&ndash;22) attached to a leaf overhanging a medium sized black water creek was collected on March 15, 2004 (tadpoles deposited at SMNS under field number MABT0104, no collection number assigned), and transferred to a plastic aquarium. The leaf was fastened to the lid of the container, which was filled with 10 cm of creek water. Eleven tadpoles had dropped into the container the following day, nine additional tadpoles followed on March 17. It took an additional day before all remaining tadpoles had left the clutch. The tadpoles of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; are typical exotroph, lotic, fossorial tadpoles (eco-morphological guild after Altig &amp; Johnston 1989) with an elongate, vermiform habitus (Fig. 6 B). Compared to the larvae of the sympatric &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mondolfii&lt;/i&gt;, tadpoles of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; do not exhibit a clearly ovoid body. Rather, the anterior half is markedly triangular in shape, narrowing towards the base of the tail. Tadpoles of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; are always much darker than those of &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mondolfii&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 6).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Ecology and distribution.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense&lt;/i&gt; inhabits the lowland and upland forests of eastern Guiana Shield (50&ndash;1000 m) and western Amazon. It has always been found associated with streams. It is known from Brazil (Cordeiro-Duarte &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2002; Y&aacute;&ntilde;ez-Mu&ntilde;oz &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2009; Avila-Pires &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2010; this work), Ecuador (Y&aacute;&ntilde;ez-Mu&ntilde;oz &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2009; Guayasamin &amp; North 2009), French Guiana (Lescure &amp; Marty 2000; this work), Guyana (Ernst &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2005), Peru (Y&aacute;&ntilde;ez-Mu&ntilde;oz &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2009; this work), Suriname (Kok &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher 2008), Venezuela (Ayarzag&uuml;ena 1992; Se&ntilde;aris &amp; Ayarzag&uuml;ena 2005; this work), and expected to occur in the Amazon areas between the Ecuadorian and Peruvian localities and the GS.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago, Vilà, Carles, Ayarzagüena, José, Blanc, Michel &amp; Ernst, Raffael, 2011, Species diversity of Hyalinobatrachium glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) from the Guiana Shield, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 3132&lt;/i&gt; on pages 20-23, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200895"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.200895&lt;/a&gt