Effect of management spontaneous cover crop on rosy apple aphid, green apple aphid and their natural enemies in an apple organic orchard

Cover crops have been reported as shelters for pest but also for natural enemies. Nevertheless, there is not agreement about their influence on pest presence on apple trees. An experiment was conducted in 2004-2006 in an IRTA-Estació Experimental de Lleida organic apple orchard located in Les Borges Blanques (Lleida, Spain) in order to evaluate the influence of cover crops on the presence of pest and natural enemies on apple trees. Three cover crops were tested and compared to a bare soil: (1) spontaneous cover crop where Plantago lanceolata L. was the most abundant specie, (2) no-mowed spontaneous cover crop, (3) spontaneous cover crop mowed when weeds were 30 cm tall. Cover crops tested affected neither the presence the rosy apple aphid nor aphid natural enemies. Nevertheless, the green apple aphid was more abundant in bare soil trees than in cover crop trees

GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, KEADILAN ORGANISASI, DAN REAKSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

The background of this study is to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and organizational justice on employee performance through employee reaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of transformational leadership and organizational justice to employee performance through employee reaction in Trisakti Dental Hospital. The design of this research is hypothesis testing using primary data obtained by distributing 200 questionnaires to employees of Trisakti Dental Hospital. The analytical method used is Structure Equation Model (SEM). The result of this research concludes that there is no significant and negative relation between transformational leadership and employee reaction. There is a significant and positive relation between organizational justice and employee reactions. There is a significant and positive relation between employee reactions and employee performance

Monitoring resistance of Cydia pomonella (L.) Spanish field populations to new chemical insecticides and the mechanisms involved

BACKGROUND: A widespread resistance of Cydia pomonella to organophosphates was demonstrated in populations from the Spanish Ebro Valley area that showed high levels of enzymatic detoxification. To determine the efficacy of new insecticides, neonate larvae bioassays were carried out on twenty field codling moth populations collected from three different Spanish apple production areas. Synergist bioassays were performed to detect the enzymatic mechanisms involved. RESULTS: The least active ingredients were methoxyfenozide, with 100% of the populations showing significantly lower mortality than the susceptible strain, and lambda-cyhalothrin, with very high resistant ratios (872.0 for the most resistant field population). Approximately 50% of the populations were resistant or tolerant to thiacloprid. By contrast, tebufenozide was very effective in all the field populations, as was chlorpyrifos-ethyl despite its widespread use during the last few years. Indoxacarb, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole also provided high efficacy, as did emamectin and spinetoram, which are not yet registered in Spain. CONCLUSION: The resistant Spanish codling moth populations can be controlled using new reduced-risk insecticides. The use of synergists showed the importance of the concentration applied and the difficulty of interpreting the results in field populations that show multiple resistance to different active ingredients.The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the fruit growers who gave us access to their orchards and to the grower advisors of the areas (plant defense area technicians), who helped identify the best orchards for the assays, and Mònica Pérez for her technical help. This study was partially supported by grants AGL2013-49164 and AGL2016-77373 of the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation and by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya

Pengendalian Kualitas Dengan Metode SPC

Quality control is very important in the manufacturing industry because it can increase competitiveness with similar industries and can be a means of evaluating problems in the production environment. PP Sinar Tani Palembang is a manufacturing company engaged in rice milling. This company suffered a lot of losses because the results of many rice scales were not in accordance with the standards set by the company. Based on data from the company, it is seen that quality control is still very lacking, this is indicated by the data from the scales which entirely pass the prescribed standards of 5 kg, 20 kg and 20 kg. From this problem, a defect product presentation was calculated: for 5kg rice as much as 0.585 or 58.5%, 10 kg rice as much as 0.604 or 60.4% and 20kg rice as much as 0.612 or 61.2%. This percentage shows that every month PP Sinar Tani Palembang suffered a loss of 21,363 kg or 1,068 kg per day with a nominal value of Rp 228,390.00 per month. With the SPC method (Statistical Process Control), it was found that the main factor causing this loss was the balance scales / oil scales used that did not have accuracy so that the results of the scales all exceeded the set limits and also needed a very careful eye to see the results of the scales. replacement of scales into digital scales whose measurement results are more accurate and easier to read

Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Keadilan Organisasi, dan Reaksi Karyawan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

The background of this study is to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and organizational justice on employee performance through employee reaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of transformational leadership and organizational justice to employee performance through employee reaction in Trisakti Dental Hospital. The design of this research is hypothesis testing using primary data obtained by distributing 200 questionnaires to employees of Trisakti Dental Hospital. The analytical method used is Structure Equation Model (SEM). The result of this research concludes that there is no significant and negative relation between transformational leadership and employee reaction. There is a significant and positive relation between organizational justice and employee reactions. There is a significant and positive relation between employee reactions and employee performance

Mistreating a Symptom: The Legitimizing of Mandatory, Indefinite Commitment of Insanity Acquittees - Jones v. United States

At the end of the 1982 term, in Jones v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld a District of Columbia statute requiring the automatic and indefinite commitment of persons acquitted by reason of insanity. While under the D.C. statute the acquittee is periodically given the opportunity to gain release, the practice of involuntarily confining someone who has been acquitted raises serious due process and equal protection issues. This note examines the Court\u27s analysis of these issues, focusing on a comparison of the elements necessary for an insanity defense with the showing required by the due process clause for involuntary civil commitment

Target-site mutations (AChE and kdr), and PSMO activity in codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)) populations from Spain

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) is a key pest of global importance that affects apple fruit production and whose populations have developed resistance to insecticides in many apple production areas. In Spain, enhanced cytochrome P450 polysubstrate monooxygenase (PSMO) activity is the main mechanism involved in insecticide detoxification by codling moth, although acetylcholinesterase (AChE) target site mutations have been described in two populations. However, the extent of AChE and knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in Spain is unknown. To assess the actual occurrence of AChE and kdr mutations concurrently with the frequency of moths with PSMO enhanced activity (R-PSMO), 32 Spanish field populations from four apple-growing areas of Spain and two susceptible laboratory strains were evaluated. R-PSMO was significantly higher in 23 chemically treated field populations from Extremadura, Catalonia and Aragon, with proportions that varied between 25% and 90%, but no significant differences among strains and the non-chemically treated orchards (organic or abandoned) were observed. The AChE mutation (F290V) was detected in all field populations from Catalonia (n=21) and in three field populations from Aragon (n=5), with resistant phenotype proportions varying from 34.2% to 97.5% and from 7.2% to 65% in Catalonia and Aragon, respectively. In addition, the kdr mutation (L1014F) was detected in twelve Catalonian field populations, at rates of incidence ranging between 2.6% and 56.8%. A positive correlation between R-PSMO and AChE mutation was found. The origin of the mutations and their ability to persist and spread in field populations with different management systems is discussed.The authors thank the fruit growers and pest control advisors of the different Spanish apple-growing areas for their help in accessing and identifying apple orchards and Mónica Pérez for her technical help. This work was funded by grant Fondo de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT 11130599 (CONICYT), Chile, to M.A. Rodríguez, by grant AGL2013-49164 of the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation, to J. Avilla and D. Bosch, and by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya

Pelaksanaan Sistem E-procurement dalam Pengadaan Barang/jasa Pemerintah untuk Mencegah Terjadinya Persekongkolan Tender (Studi di Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Perumahan, dan Pengawasan Bangunan Kota Malang)

Pada skripsi ini, penulis mengangkat permasalah mengenai Pelaksanaan Sistem EProcurementdalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah untuk MencegahTerjadinya Persekongkolan Tender. pemilihan tema tersebut dilatarbelakangi olehadanya berbagai penyimpangan dalam pengadaan barang. Pengadaan barang/jasayang bersumber dari APBN/APBD merupakan pengadaan barang jasa dilingkungan pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk menyediakan barang jasa publik.Meskipun telah diatur dengan aturan hukum yang jelas dan mengikat, padakenyataannnya terdapat banyak penyimpangan dan persekongkolan dalampengadaan di lingkungan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, dibuatlah ketentuanmengenai kewajiban untuk melakukan pengadaan melalui sistem elektronik atauE-Procurement dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 70 Tahun 2012. Penelitian inimencoba menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi pelaksanaan sistem e-procurementdalam pengadaan barang jasa pemerintah untuk mencegah terjadinyapersekongkolan tender di Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Perumahan, dan PengawasanBangunan Kota Malang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode yuridis sosiologis.Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tata cara pelaksanaan e-procurementsesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 70 Tahun 2012 dan Peraturan Walikota MalangNomor 13 Tahun 2012. Hambatan yang terjadi adalah hambatan internal berupaketerbatasan SDM dan ketidaklancaran sistem dan hambatan eksternal yangdialami diantaranya kendala teknis, kendala non teknis berupa gangguan daripihak-pihak yang ingin mendapatkan keuntungan, penyedia barang/jasa yangbelum memahami sistem e-procurement, dan keterbatasan perangkat daripenyedia barang/jasa. Belum adanya upaya yang dilakukan dapat mengakibatkanterhambatnya pelaksanaan yang dapat mengarah pada indikasi persekongkolansesuai Pedoman Pasal 22 tentang Larangan Persekongkolan dalam Tender

Toxicity and residual activity of spinetoram to neonate larvae of Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Semi-field and laboratory trials

Spinetoram is a fermentation insecticide, derived from the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. It works by disrupting the GABA-gated chloride channels and by causing persistent activation of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spinetoram for control of neonate larvae of both oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) and codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella (L.) in semi-field and laboratory trials. OFM and CM neonate larvae responded similarly to spinetoram, which showed high efficacy on both species. In semi-field experiments, regression analysis of the percentage of damaged fruits as a function of days after treatment showed a better performance of the highest spinetoram dose (10 g a.i./hl) in comparison with the maximum recommended field dose of the reference product emamectin benzoate (2.85 g a.i./hl). Surface-treated diet assays revealed LC50 values of 6.59 and 8.44 ng a.i./cm2 for neonate larvae of OFM and CM larvae, respectively. High percentages of mortality were recorded on both species after 24-h exposure to treated diet. For these reasons spinetoram could be considered a valuable tool in IPM strategies for OFM and CM control