The World Spider Trait database : a centralised global open repository for curated data on spider traits

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press.Spiders are a highly diversified group of arthropods and play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems as ubiquitous predators, which makes them a suitable group to test a variety of eco-evolutionary hypotheses. For this purpose, knowledge of a diverse range of species traits is required. Until now, data on spider traits have been scattered across thousands of publications produced for over two centuries and written in diverse languages. To facilitate access to such data, we developed an online database for archiving and accessing spider traits at a global scale. The database has been designed to accommodate a great variety of traits (e.g. ecological, behavioural and morphological) measured at individual, species or higher taxonomic levels. Records are accompanied by extensive metadata (e.g. location and method). The database is curated by an expert team, regularly updated and open to any user. A future goal of the growing database is to include all published and unpublished data on spider traits provided by experts worldwide and to facilitate broad cross-taxon assays in functional ecology and comparative biology. Database URL:https://spidertraits.sci.muni.cz/.Peer reviewe

The World Spider Trait database: a centralized global open repository for curated data on spider traits

Spiders are a highly diversified group of arthropods and play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems as ubiquitous predators, which makes them a suitable group to test a variety of eco-evolutionary hypotheses. For this purpose, knowledge of a diverse range of species traits is required. Until now, data on spider traits have been scattered across thousands of publications produced for over two centuries and written in diverse languages. To facilitate access to such data, we developed an online database for archiving and accessing spider traits at a global scale. The database has been designed to accommodate a great variety of traits (e.g. ecological, behavioural and morphological) measured at individual, species or higher taxonomic levels. Records are accompanied by extensive metadata (e.g. location and method). The database is curated by an expert team, regularly updated and open to any user. A future goal of the growing database is to include all published and unpublished data on spider traits provided by experts worldwide and to facilitate broad cross-taxon assays in functional ecology and comparative biology.Fil: Pekár, Stano. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Wolff, Jonas O. University of Greifswald; AlemaniaFil: Cernecká, L'udmila. Slovak Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Birkhofer, Klaus. Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus; AlemaniaFil: Mammola, Stefano. University of Helsinki; FinlandiaFil: Lowe, Elizabeth C.. Macquarie University; AustraliaFil: Fukushima, Caroline S.. University of Helsinki; FinlandiaFil: Herberstein, Marie E.. Macquarie University; AustraliaFil: Kucera, Adam. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Buzatto, Bruno A.. University of Western Australia; AustraliaFil: Djoudi, El Aziz. Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus; AlemaniaFil: Domenech, Marc. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Enciso, Alison Vanesa. Fundación Protectora Ambiental Planadas Tolima; ColombiaFil: Piñanez Espejo, Yolanda María Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Febles, Sara. No especifíca;Fil: García, Luis F. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Gonçalves Souza, Thiago. Universidad Federal Rural Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Isaia, Marco. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Lafage, Denis. Universite de Rennes I; FranciaFil: Líznarová, Eva. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Macías Hernández, Nuria. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Fiorini de Magalhaes, Ivan Luiz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Malumbres Olarte, Jagoba. Universidade Dos Açores; PortugalFil: Michálek, Ondrej. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Michalik, Peter. ERNST MORITZ ARNDT UNIVERSITÄT GREIFSWALD (UG);Fil: Michalko, Radek. No especifíca;Fil: Milano, Filippo. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Munévar, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Nentwig, Wolfgang. University of Bern; SuizaFil: Nicolosi, Giuseppe. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Painting, Christina J. No especifíca;Fil: Pétillon, Julien. Universite de Rennes I; FranciaFil: Piano, Elena. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Privet, Kaïna. Universite de Rennes I; FranciaFil: Ramirez, Martin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Cândida. No especifíca;Fil: Rezác, Milan. No especifíca;Fil: Ridel, Aurélien. Universite de Rennes I; FranciaFil: Ruzicka, Vlastimil. No especifíca;Fil: Santos, Irene. No especifíca;Fil: Sentenská, Lenka. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Walker, Leilani. No especifíca;Fil: Wierucka, Kaja. Universitat Zurich; SuizaFil: Zurita, Gustavo Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Cardoso, Pedro. No especifíca

Urban Heat Island and Reduced Habitat Complexity Explain Spider Community Composition by Excluding Large and Heat-Sensitive Species

International audienceAlong with worldwide urbanization, upheavals in habitat and temperature are major threats for biodiversity. However, due to their interdependence, their relative roles as drivers of animal community composition remain entangled. Here, we investigated how taxonomic and functional compositions of arthropod communities were related to uncorrelated habitat and temperature gradients, and compared landscape (i.e., urbanization, Urban Heat Island (UHI)) to local variables (i.e., vegetation height and cover, near-ground temperature). We sampled 20,499 spiders (137 species) on 36 grasslands in Rennes (northwestern France). Unlike rural areas, urban sites were characterized by short vegetation and intense UHI, hosted species-poor communities, and were composed of small thermophilic species. UHI intensification and local loss of habitat complexity (short and dense vegetation) were associated with declining large and heat-sensitive species. These results highlight the prevalent role of urban warming, rather than land cover change, as an urban filter. Further, we show that landscape-scale UHI, not local temperature, filters species according to their functional attributes. UHI can therefore be considered as a thermal barrier, filtering species according to their physiological capacity to cope with urban thermal conditions. Finally, to counterbalance biotic homogenization, we argue for the importance of implementing complex habitat structures at the local scale within urban green infrastructure

Hedgerows are more multifunctional in preserved bocage landscapes

Hedgerows are key wildlife habitats in agricultural landscapes, with presumably high multifunctionality – that is the capacity to provide multiple ecological, agronomic or cultural functions. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the drivers of hedgerow multifunctionality and potential synergies and trade-offs between functions. In particular, it is unknown in which landscapes hedgerows best support a range of taxa and associated functions. We assessed the effects of hedgerow features, adjoining farming systems, landscape context, and their interactions on hedgerow multifunctionality based on four ecological functions – biodiversity conservation, potential pollination, potential predation, and pest colonization. We estimated these functions by the abundance and diversity of plant and arthropod taxa in 40 hedgerows, in Brittany (France). Results support previous studies showing the beneficial effects of flower cover, margin width, adjacent organic farming, and other variables related to hedgerow structural complexity on individual taxa or proxies of functions. Most importantly, our study reveals that hedgerows are more multifunctional in landscapes with dense hedgerow networks (so-called ‘bocage’ landscapes), which is likely the result of greater habitat amount, connectivity, and environmental heterogeneity. In addition, we find weak correlations between proxies of functions, and more synergies than trade-offs in response to the explanatory variables, indicating that there is considerable scope for improving the ecological value of hedgerows. We draw attention to the fact that ongoing destruction of hedgerow networks, including wide and structurally complex hedgerows, might lead to long-term or irretrievable loss of associated species and ecological functions, jeopardizing restoration and replanting efforts

Arrêt cardio-respiratoire en hémodialyse chronique : facteurs de risque, prévention et conduite à tenir en 2015

International audiencePatients undergoing hemodialysis have a 10 to 20 times higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) than the general population. Sudden cardiac death is a rare event (approximately 1 event per 10,000 sessions) but has a very high mortality rate. Epidemiological data comes almost exclusively from North American studies; there is a great lack of European data on the subject. Ventricular arrhythmia is the main mechanism of sudden cardiac deaths in dialysis patients. These patients develop increased sensitivity mainly due to a high prevalence of severe ischemic heart disease and left ventricular hypertrophy and to a frequent trigger event: electrolytic and plasma volume shifts during dialysis sessions. Unfortunately, accurate predictive markers of SCA do not exist, however some primary prevention trials using beta-blockers or angiotensin II receptor blockers are encouraging, while the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the population of chronic dialysis patients remains controversial. Identification of patients at risk, minimizing trigger events such as electrolytic shifts and improving team skills in the diagnosis and initial resuscitation with the latest recommendations from 2010 seem necessary to reduce incidence and improve survival in this high risk population. Organization of European studies would also allow a more accurate view of this reality in our dialysis units.Le patient en hémodialyse chronique a un risque d’arrêt cardio-respiratoire (ACR) 10 à 20 fois plus élevé que la population générale. Il s’agit d’un événement rare (environ 1 événement par 10 000 séances), mais le taux de mortalité reste très élevé. Les données épidémiologiques actuelles proviennent quasi exclusivement d’études nord-américaines et l’on manque de données issues de registres européens sur le sujet. Les troubles du rythme ventriculaires graves sont le mode de survenue majoritaire de l’ACR dans cette population de dialysés chroniques qui cumule, d’une part, un terrain de sensibilité accrue de par la forte prévalence de la cardiopathie ischémique et l’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche principalement, et, d’autre part, un événement déclencheur fréquent : les variations électrolytiques et volémiques inhérentes aux séances de dialyse. Les marqueurs prédictifs de la survenue d’ACR sont encore imparfaitement définis. Des études de prévention primaire médicamenteuse utilisant les bêtabloquants ou les bloqueurs du système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone sont encourageantes, tandis que l’utilisation des défibrillateurs automatisés implantables dans la population de dialysés chroniques reste controversée. L’identification des patients à risque, la minimisation des événements déclencheurs comme les variations électrolytiques, et l’amélioration de la formation des équipes au diagnostic et aux premières mesures de réanimation grâce aux dernières recommandations datant de 2010 semblent nécessaires afin de diminuer l’incidence et d’améliorer la survie dans cette population à fort risque. L’organisation d’études européennes permettrait par ailleurs d’avoir une vision plus précise de cette réalité dans nos centres

Habitat filtering differentially modulates phylogenetic and functional diversity relationships between predatory arthropods

International audienceMechanisms underlying biological diversities at different scales have received significant attention over the last decades. The hypothesis of whether local abiotic factors, driving functional and phylogenetic diversities, can differ among taxa of arthropods remains under-investigated. In this study, we compared correlations and drivers of functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) between spiders and carabids, two dominant taxa of ground-dwelling arthropods in salt marshes. Both taxa exhibited high correlation between FD and PD; the correlation was even higher in carabids, probably owing to their lower species richness. Analyses using structural equation modelling highlighted that FD and PD were positively linked to taxonomic diversity (TD) in both taxa; however, abiotic factors driving the FD and PD differed between spiders and carabids. Salinity particularly drove the TD of carabids, but not that of spiders, suggesting that spiders are phenotypically more plastic and less selected by this factor. Conversely, PD was influenced by salinity in spiders, but not in carabids. This result can be attributed to the different evolutionary history and colonization process of salt marshes between the two model taxa. Finally, our study highlights that, in taxa occupying the same niche in a constrained habitat, FD and PD can have different drivers, and thereby different filtering mechanisms

Food or host: do physiological state and flower type affect foraging decisions of parasitoids?

International audienceAbstract Within the optimal foraging theory framework, parasitoids constitute ideal models to elucidate combined physiological and environmental determinism of foraging behavior between current and future fitness gains. Parasitoid females need hosts to lay eggs for their reproduction (immediate gain), but also sugar food resources for their survival (future gain). According to theoretical models and previous empirical studies, fed females should favor host foraging, whereas females with lower energetic reserves should search for food. Surprisingly, the influence of mating status and food quality has not been considered, whereas they may both constitute major factors altering animals’ choices between reproducing and feeding. We tested decision-making on Aphidius rhopalosiphi parasitoid females with different life expectancy levels (as set by recent feeding history) and mating status, using two flower species with contrasted attractiveness and nectar suitability. Interestingly, all fed and unfed females with different expected lifetime levels favored reproduction over nutrition since they are mated. This could be explained by their reproductive status that appeared to be the main determinant of their foraging decisions. For a given expected lifetime, mated females favored more reproduction whereas unmated ones favored food. Physiological status of females (mating and lifetime expectancy) did not interact with flower species on their foraging decisions nor did it modify their preferences, as they always favored the most attractive flower, which does not have the best nectar. These results highlight the need for more empirical studies to evaluate the interactions between different intrinsic factors and to carefully consider the mating status in model assumptions, as it influences foraging behavior between immediate and future fitness gains. Significance statement Parasitic wasps need hosts to lay eggs for their reproduction (immediate fitness gain) and sugar resources for their survival (future fitness gain). Empirical studies and related theoretical models about foraging decisions of parasitic wasps between current and future gains included influences of energetic and resource availability constrains. We examined assumptions used by those mathematical models by empirically testing two new factors, food qualities provided by two nectar provisioning flower species with contrasted functional traits, which had surprisingly no impact on decision-making, and mating status which we showed to play a decisive role on decision-making between food or host resources. These factors should henceforth be considered in model assumptions or in models themselves to realize accurate predictions and to provide a better understanding of foraging decisions made by female parasitic wasps

Disentangling plasticity from local adaptation in diapause expression in parasitoid wasps from contrasting thermal environments: a reciprocal translocation experiment

An important question in evolutionary ecology is to understand the drivers of phenotypic variation in contrasting environments. Disentangling plasticity from evolutionary responses in such contexts provides a better understanding of how organisms adapt to changing climates. Many aspects of the seasonal ecology of insect populations are essential for their persistence in temperate environments, including their capacity to overwinter. Phenotypic plasticity should result in locally adapted diapause levels to experienced environmental conditions. Using an outdoor reciprocal translocation experimental design, we compared diapause expression of Canadian and French populations of aphid parasitoid species of the genus Aphidius in both their native and foreign bioclimatic regions, the insects thus experiencing varying temperature conditions under similar latitude (i.e. same photoperiod). From June to December 2016, diapause and mortality levels were recorded every 2 weeks. We found both genotypic (population origins) and environmental effects (experimental locations) on diapause reaction norms of parasitoid species. The incidence of diapause was higher in Canadian populations (up to 90%) than in French populations (< 20%) at both locations, suggesting local adaptation to harsh (Canadian populations) or mild (French populations) winter climatic conditions in the area of origin. Phenotypic plasticity played an important role in mediating diapause incidence at different temperatures but similar photoperiods, as diapause was induced at higher levels in Canada than in France, independently of the origin of the parasitoid. We conclude that both plastic and evolutionary responses could be involved in the adaptation of parasitoid overwintering strategies to different thermal environments and to ongoing climate warming

RNAseq based variant dataset in a black poplar association panel

International audienceObjective Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is a species native to Eurasia with a wide distribution area. It is an ecologically important species from riparian ecosystems, that is used as a parent of interspecific (P. deltoides x P. nigra) cultivated poplar hybrids. Variant detection from transcriptomics sequences of 241 P. nigra individuals, sampled in natural populations from 11 river catchments (in four European countries) is described here. These data provide new valuable resources for population structure analysis, population genomics and genome-wide association studies. Data description We generated transcriptomics data from a mixture of young differentiating xylem and cambium tissues of 480 Populus nigra trees sampled in a common garden experiment located at Orléans (France), corresponding to 241 genotypes (2 clonal replicates per genotype, at maximum) by using RNAseq technology. We launched on the resulting sequences an in-silico pipeline that allowed us to obtain 878,957 biallelic polymorphisms without missing data. More than 99% of these positions are annotated and 98.8% are located on the 19 chromosomes of the P. trichocarpa reference genome. The raw RNAseq sequences are available at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive SPR188754 and the variant dataset at the Recherche Data Gouv repository under https:// doi. org/ 10. 15454/ 8DQXK5