Synthesis and Characterization of Polyethylene Vinyl Acetate / ZnSe Nanocomposite

In the not too distant past, polymer scientists and technologists expanded their horizons from consum-er products to the high technology arena, particularly notable in opto - electronic applications. Ethylene Vinyl Acetates (EVA) are popular because of their superior adhesion to most substrates as well as their ease of formulation. Its High transparency is a key attribute for photovoltaic cell encapsulation. It is ex-pected that with the addition of ZnSe nano fillers, EVA becomes a high refractive index polymer (HRIP) with refractive index 2.5 and posses anti-reflective property. In this work, ZnSe nanoparticles were syn-thesised by solvo-thermal method. Nano – Composite matrices based on polyethylene vinyl acetate / ZnSe were prepared by chemical replacement mechanism. Refractive index of prepared polymer nanocomposites were calculated from dielectric study using Hioki 3532-50 LCR HITESTER at various frequencies and temperatures. The presence of nano filler enhanced the refractive index and it varied with frequency and temperature. UV-Vis-NIR Spectra of the samples enable to determine the bandgap and was found to de-crease with increasing the concentration of nano fillers dispersed in polymer matrix. I-V characteristics of the nanocomposites were plotted at various concentrations of nano fillers and at various temperatures. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3563

State of the climate in 2013

In 2013, the vast majority of the monitored climate variables reported here maintained trends established in recent decades. ENSO was in a neutral state during the entire year, remaining mostly on the cool side of neutral with modest impacts on regional weather patterns around the world. This follows several years dominated by the effects of either La Niña or El Niño events. According to several independent analyses, 2013 was again among the 10 warmest years on record at the global scale, both at the Earths surface and through the troposphere. Some regions in the Southern Hemisphere had record or near-record high temperatures for the year. Australia observed its hottest year on record, while Argentina and New Zealand reported their second and third hottest years, respectively. In Antarctica, Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station reported its highest annual temperature since records began in 1957. At the opposite pole, the Arctic observed its seventh warmest year since records began in the early 20th century. At 20-m depth, record high temperatures were measured at some permafrost stations on the North Slope of Alaska and in the Brooks Range. In the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation occurred throughout much of the year, leading to marked regional extremes of both temperature and precipitation. Cold temperature anomalies during winter across Eurasia were followed by warm spring temperature anomalies, which were linked to a new record low Eurasian snow cover extent in May. Minimum sea ice extent in the Arctic was the sixth lowest since satellite observations began in 1979. Including 2013, all seven lowest extents on record have occurred in the past seven years. Antarctica, on the other hand, had above-average sea ice extent throughout 2013, with 116 days of new daily high extent records, including a new daily maximum sea ice area of 19.57 million km2 reached on 1 October. ENSO-neutral conditions in the eastern central Pacific Ocean and a negative Pacific decadal oscillation pattern in the North Pacific had the largest impacts on the global sea surface temperature in 2013. The North Pacific reached a historic high temperature in 2013 and on balance the globally-averaged sea surface temperature was among the 10 highest on record. Overall, the salt content in nearsurface ocean waters increased while in intermediate waters it decreased. Global mean sea level continued to rise during 2013, on pace with a trend of 3.2 mm yr-1 over the past two decades. A portion of this trend (0.5 mm yr-1) has been attributed to natural variability associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation as well as to ongoing contributions from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and ocean warming. Global tropical cyclone frequency during 2013 was slightly above average with a total of 94 storms, although the North Atlantic Basin had its quietest hurricane season since 1994. In the Western North Pacific Basin, Super Typhoon Haiyan, the deadliest tropical cyclone of 2013, had 1-minute sustained winds estimated to be 170 kt (87.5 m s-1) on 7 November, the highest wind speed ever assigned to a tropical cyclone. High storm surge was also associated with Haiyan as it made landfall over the central Philippines, an area where sea level is currently at historic highs, increasing by 200 mm since 1970. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide all continued to increase in 2013. As in previous years, each of these major greenhouse gases once again reached historic high concentrations. In the Arctic, carbon dioxide and methane increased at the same rate as the global increase. These increases are likely due to export from lower latitudes rather than a consequence of increases in Arctic sources, such as thawing permafrost. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, for the first time since measurements began in 1958, the daily average mixing ratio of carbon dioxide exceeded 400 ppm on 9 May. The state of these variables, along with dozens of others, and the 2013 climate conditions of regions around the world are discussed in further detail in this 24th edition of the State of the Climate series. © 2014, American Meteorological Society. All rights reserved

Computational applications in secondary metabolite discovery (caismd): An online workshop

We report the major conclusions of the online open-access workshop “Computational Applications in Secondary Metabolite Discovery (CAiSMD)” that took place from 08 to 10 March 2021. Invited speakers from academia and industry and about 200 registered participants from fve continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, South America, and North America) took part in the workshop. The workshop highlighted the potential applications of computational meth‑ odologies in the search for secondary metabolites (SMs) or natural products (NPs) as potential drugs and drug leads. During 3 days, the participants of this online workshop received an overview of modern computer-based approaches for exploring NP discovery in the “omics” age. The invited experts gave keynote lectures, trained participants in handson sessions, and held round table discussions. This was followed by oral presentations with much interaction between the speakers and the audience. Selected applicants (early-career scientists) were ofered the opportunity to give oral presentations (15 min) and present posters in the form of fash presentations (5 min) upon submission of an abstract. The fnal program available on the workshop website (https://caismd.indiayouth.info/) comprised of 4 keynote lec‑ tures (KLs), 12 oral presentations (OPs), 2 round table discussions (RTDs), and 5 hands-on sessions (HSs). This meeting report also references internet resources for computational biology in the area of secondary metabolites that are of use outside of the workshop areas and will constitute a long-term valuable source for the community. The workshop concluded with an online survey form to be completed by speakers and participants for the goal of improving any subsequent editions

Oxidation and fusion defects synergistically accelerate polyethylene failure in knee replacement

We have previously reported upon a cohort of patients with premature failure of such material and postulated upon the impact of abnormally high concentrations of type 2 fusion defects whereby there is a lack of particle cohesion due to incomplete diffusion. In vivo oxidation has been purported to underscore the premature failure of polyethylene. The mechanism of such remains poorly delineated. New data has now been obtained by determining substrata oxidative profiles of 10 failed Kinemax Plus modular tibial insert analyses in conjunction with fusion defect detection. The full thickness of a series of cores was analysed using infra-red spectroscopy to identify higher levels of oxidation in loaded used material at both the articulating and non-articulating regions. A comparison was made to an unused control. Articulating, loaded, areas exhibited greater local concentrations of oxidised material and wider variation of such consistent with the higher presence of fusion defects. Subsurface analysis confirmed the presence of a major oxidative peak 2 mm below the surface for all loaded areas irrespective of wear. Additionally we were able to identify a second major oxidative focus about halfway between the inferior (tibial baseplate) surface and the articulating area. We believe that the combination of high oxidation and fusion defects represents a second high stress zone consistent with the observation of tibial baseplate polyethylene dissociation and backside wear with resultant catastrophic material failure

Optogenetic probing of functional brain circuitry

10.1113/expphysiol.2010.055731Experimental Physiology96126-33EXPH

Measuring performance in the interpretation of chest radiographs: a pilot study

This paper was published in the journal Clinical Radiology and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2016.11.004.AIM: To develop a system to assess the image interpretation performance of radiologists in identifying signs of malignancy on chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A test set of 30 chest radiographs was chosen by an experienced radiologist consisting of 11 normal and 19 abnormal cases. The malignant cases all had biopsyproven pathology; the normal and benign cases all had at least 2 years of imaging follow-up. Fourteen radiologists with a range of experiences were recruited. Participants individually read the test set displayed on a standard reporting workstation, with their findings entered directly into a laptop running specially designed reporting software. For each case, relevant clinical information was given and the reader was asked to mark any perceived abnormality and rate their level of suspicion on a five-point scale (normal, benign, indeterminate, suspicious, or malignant). On completion, participants were given instant feedback with performance parameters including sensitivity and specificity automatically calculated. An opportunity was then given to review the cases together with an expert opinion and pathology. The time each participant took to complete the test was recorded. RESULTS: Six consultant radiologists who took part showed significantly better performance as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis compared to eight specialist registrars (area under the ROC curve [AUC]¼0.9297 and 0.7648 respectively, p¼0.003). There was a significant correlation with years of experience in the interpretation of chest radiographs and performance on the test set (r¼0.573, p¼0.032). Consultant radiologists completed the test significantly more quickly that the specialist registrars: mean time 19.65 minutes compared to 26.51 minutes (p¼0.033). CONCLUSION: It is possible to use a test set to measure individual differences in the interpretation of chest radiographs. This has the potential to be a useful tool in performance testing

KIF5B transports BNIP-2 to regulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and myoblast differentiation

10.1091/mbc.E14-03-0797Molecular Biology of the Cell26129-4