The skyrmion switch: turning magnetic skyrmion bubbles on and off with an electric field

Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions are considered as potential information carriers for future spintronics memory and logic devices. Such applications will require the control of their local creation and annihilation, which involves so far solutions that are either energy consuming or difficult to integrate. Here we demonstrate the control of skyrmion bubbles nucleation and annihilation using electric field gating, an easily integrable and potentially energetically efficient solution. We present a detailed stability diagram of the skyrmion bubbles in a Pt/Co/oxide trilayer and show that their stability can be controlled via an applied electric field. An analytical bubble model, with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction imbedded in the domain wall energy, account for the observed electrical skyrmion switching effect. This allows us to unveil the origin of the electrical control of skyrmions stability and to show that both magnetic dipolar interaction and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction play an important role in the skyrmion bubble stabilization

EurOP2E – the European Open Platform for Prescribing Education, a consensus study among clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teachers

Purpose Sharing and developing digital educational resources and open educational resources has been proposed as a way to harmonize and improve clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in European medical schools. Previous research, however, has shown that there are barriers to the adoption and implementation of open educational resources. The aim of this study was to determine perceived opportunities and barriers to the use and creation of open educational resources among European CPT teachers and possible solutions for these barriers. Methods CPT teachers of British and EU medical schools completed an online survey. Opportunities and challenges were identified by thematic analyses and subsequently discussed in an international consensus meeting. Results Data from 99 CPT teachers from 95 medical schools were analysed. Thirty teachers (30.3%) shared or collaboratively produced digital educational resources. All teachers foresaw opportunities in the more active use of open educational resources, including improving the quality of their teaching. The challenges reported were language barriers, local differences, lack of time, technological issues, difficulties with quality management, and copyright restrictions. Practical solutions for these challenges were discussed and include a peer review system, clear indexing, and use of copyright licenses that permit adaptation of resources. Conclusion Key challenges to making greater use of CPT open educational resources are a limited applicability of such resources due to language and local differences and quality concerns. These challenges may be resolved by relatively simple measures, such as allowing adaptation and translation of resources and a peer review system

The challenges of prescription safety without marketing approvals : the example of baclofen in alcohol dependence

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Les enjeux de sécurité de la prescription hors AMM : l’exemple du baclofène dans l’alcoolodépendance

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Vaccination contre la pandémie grippale A(H1N1)v au cours de l'hiver 2009-2010 (suivi de pharmacovigilance d'une cohorte de femmes enceintes vaccinées dans le Nord Pas-de-Calais)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Twitter

Contexte et problématique : La formation médicale continue sur le médicament constitue, à l’heure actuelle, un vrai challenge, notamment dans le contexte de l’avènement des réseaux sociaux, et plus particulièrement de Twitter®, qui ont révolutionné l’accès à l’information. Exégèse : Le compte Twitter® @Reseau_CRPV a été créé par le Réseau français des centres régionaux de pharmacovigilance (RFCRPV) regroupant l’ensemble des 31 centres régionaux de pharmacovigilance (CRPV) en France et dont une des missions est l’information sur le médicament. Outre la diffusion d’information des agences officielles et une veille bibliographique, ce compte propose tous les vendredis un questionnaire à réponse unique (le #PharmacoQuiz), en lien avec les médicaments, et comportant quatre propositions. Les thématiques abordées sont vastes, des effets indésirables au bon usage des médicaments en passant par l’addictovigilance. La difficulté des quiz est établie grâce à un système de gradation par étoiles. La réponse détaillée est publiée le lundi suivant, associée à la diffusion d’informations provenant de la littérature scientifique en référence au quiz. Comme tout tweet, c’est également l’occasion pour la communauté scientifique d’échanger et de débattre sur une problématique spécifique liée au médicament. Par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles de diffusion d’information ou d’enseignement, les médias sociaux offrent une flexibilité importante et facilitent les interactions entre celui qui diffuse l’information et les pairs ou étudiants. Conclusion : Le #PharmacoQuiz constitue le premier exemple français d’évaluation des connaissances dans le domaine de la pharmacologie via un réseau social. C’est un outil novateur et ludique de formation médicale continue qui contribue pleinement aux missions de formation et d’information des CRPV

Pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse sous mésalazine : un effet indésirable sous diagnostiqué ?

Nous rapportons le cas d’une femme traitée par adalimumab et mésalazine pour une maladie de Crohn depuis neuf ans qui présenta une pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse (PID). Plusieurs étiologies avaient été évoquées initialement : évolution de la maladie, effet indésirable de l’adalimumab. Les troubles pulmonaires s’aggravaient néanmoins malgré l’arrêt de l’adalimumab et la mésalazine était finalement arrêtée 6 mois plus tard conduisant à une régression complète de l’atteinte pulmonaire. Les PID sont bien connues lors de traitement par mésalazine mais sa responsabilité n’est pas forcément envisagée en priorité et le diagnostic peut donc être retardé

Service Dogs and Persons with Disabilities: When COVID-19 Lockdown Changes Their Relationship

International audienceSimple Summary COVID-19 constitutes a major event with multiple consequences for our intra- and interspecific relationships. Persons with disabilities, who own service dogs, develop strong relationships with them. In the present study, we hypothesized that the COVID-19 lockdown would have influenced people with disabilities/service dog relationships. An online survey was conducted during the first COVID-19 lockdown in France, which included information on the general context prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdown. The results confirm that service dogs, like other pets, constituted a source of emotional support for people during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, it appears that the COVID-19 lockdown elicited a costlier relationship for service dog owners. Our study highlights that, in extreme situations, the characteristics of human-animal relationships can be exacerbated in positive and negative ways. These results are important for organizations providing service dogs to evaluate the support they provide to their recipients. Persons with disabilities, who own service dogs, develop strong relationships with them. Since the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the possibility of social contact and modified human relationships, we hypothesized that the COVID-19 lockdown would influence people with disabilities-service dog relationships. An online survey was conducted during the first COVID-19 lockdown in France and included information (e.g., MONASH score) both in the general context prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Seventy owners participated. Compared to the general context, scores for the Perceived Emotional Closeness and Perceived Costs subscales were significantly higher during the COVID-19 lockdown, while scores for the Dog-Owner Interaction subscale were significantly lower during the COVID-19 lockdown. Our study confirmed that service dogs, like other pets, were a source of emotional support for their owners during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, people with disabilities found their relationship with their service dog costlier (e.g., my dog makes too much mess). Our study highlights that, in extreme situations, characteristics of a human-animal relationship can be exacerbated in both positive and negative ways

Comment les plateformes de l’économie collaborative s’assurent-elles de la fidélisation de leurs utilisateurs, au travers de stratégies de contrôle de la qualité du service proposé, et de recherche de satisfaction des utilisateurs ? : Case study

Marketin

Clomiphene citrate and neural tube defects: a meta‐analysis of controlled observational studies

International audienceAt the end of the 80's several studies have suggested a potential increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) with ovulation induction/fertility drugs, especially with clomiphene citrate (CC). A previous meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the risk of NTDs associated with the use of CC performed in 1995 found a risk ratio of 1.08 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.76-1.51). Since then, additional studies have been published and the risk of NTDs associated with periconceptional CC exposure may have changed