The Relation of Allergy to Adenoid Hypertrophy and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cross-sectional Study

The exact mechanisms of Adenoid hypertrophy (AHT) pathogenesis and otitis media with effusion (OME) are unclear but there is increasing evidence that allergies may play a role. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of atopy and the effect of anti-allergic drugs in patients with AHT and OME. In a non-randomized, prospective cross-sectional study, 122 patients younger than 18 years of age with AHT or OME were included. Atopic patients based on clinical symptoms of allergic disorders and/or elevated levels of total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) were referred to allergists and tested for allergen sensitization by skin prick test (SPT). Atopic patients were treated with nasal corticosteroids and antihistamines. Response to treatment was evaluated by comparing symptoms score before and after the treatment. In this study 122 patients were evaluated, 116 of them had AHT and 30 patients had OME. The mean age of participants was 6.7±2.4 years old and 68 of them (55.7) were male. Allergic symptoms were observed in 38 patients with AHT (32.7) and nine patients with OME (30). Among the total cases, 34 patients (28) were considered atopic. SPT was performed on 25 (73) cases of atopic patients, with 11 (44 ) positive results. The mean symptom score of AHT and OME decreased significantly after treatment respectively, (p=0.001, p=0.007). According to this study, atopy was relatively common in patients with AHT and OME. Treatment with nasal corticosteroid and antihistamines were effective in these patients

Human papilloma virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: pathology, prognosis, recurrence and mortality of the disease

Background: One of the malignant tumors among head and neck cancers is nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Many studies consider human papilloma virus (HPV) as a cause for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: 41 paraffin-wax-embedded block samples were examined to detect HPV DNA and its subtype’s presence by polymerase chain reaction. The recurrence, prognosis and survival were evaluated for an average of 48 months. Results: HPV DNA was positive in 9 patients (22%). The overall recurrence rate was 75% in HPV negative patients and 11% in HPV positive ones. The mortality rate in HPV negative and positive patients was 37.5% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: HPV type 18 and 16 were the most common subtypes. Also, it can be implied that patients which are HPV positive had better prognosis and also less recurrence. Key Words: human papilloma virus, nasopharyngeal cancer, polymerase chain reaction, prognosis, recurrence

Evaluation and Management of Antrochoanal Polyps

Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign polypoid lesions arising from the maxillary antrum and they extend into the choana. They occur more commonly in children and young adults, and they are almost always unilateral. The etiopathogenesis of ACPs is not clear. Nasal obstruction and nasal drainage are the most common presenting symptoms. The differential diagnosis should include the causes of unilateral nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scans are the main diagnostic techniques, and the treatment of ACPs is always surgical. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and powered instrumentation during FESS for complete removal of ACPs are extremely safe and effective procedures. Physicians should focus on detecting the exact origin and extent of the polyp to prevent recurrence

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Dynamic average-value model of high power ac-dc converters and HVDC systems

High power switching converters such as line-commutated converters (LCC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems are widely used in modern energy grids for interconnection of industrial loads, large motor drives, as well as electronically-interfaced renewable/alternative/distributed energy resources (DER) and storage systems. For design and analysis of systems with power-electronic-based DERs and loads, accurate and efficient computer models are essential. This thesis is focused on dynamic average-value models (AVM) that neglect switching of converter circuits and are established by averaging the variables (currents and voltages) over a prototypical switching interval. The AVMs are continuous (free of switching), allow using larger integration time steps, and typically run much faster than the conventional detailed switching models, which makes them particularly useful for the system-level studies. This thesis considers the parametric AVM framework, and extends this approach to the thyristor-controlled LCCs operating in inverter mode with current source or voltage source control. The proposed modeling methodology is demonstrated on various topologies including the HVDC CIGRE benchmark system. The research is further extended to incorporate the ac side harmonics into the AVM using the multiple reference frame theory. Traditionally, the AVMs are developed using state-variable-based approach. This thesis also presents a new parametric AVM for direct interfacing in nodal-analysis-based electromagnetic transient programs (EMTP), e.g., PSCAD/EMTDC, EMTP-RV, and MicroTran. It is expected that the proposed models and interfacing approaches will find their application in widely used transient simulation tools and will be appreciated by many researchers and practicing engineers worldwide.Applied Science, Faculty ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, Department ofGraduat

Vision for the Blind

How can we improve the living standards of the visuallyimpaired using an Arduino?Living with visual impairment could potentially be oneof the hardest things one could do. Constantly having toworry about obstacles and carrying a stick to feel your wayforward. In order to combat this difficulty, we have designedVision for the Blind.One of the usages of ultrasonic sensors are to measurethe distance from objects using sound waves. These sensors,in combination with Piezo buzzers, have been used inVision for the Blind to warn the user of incoming obstaclesby emitting sound from the buzzers. The volume of thebuzzers is controlled by using a digital potentiometer andvaries depending on the measured distance. All three areconnected to an Arduino which has been coded to performthe given task.Hur kan vi öka levnadsstandarden för visuellt nedsattamänniskor med hjälp av en Arduino?Att leva med visuell nedsättning är självklart ett stortproblem som medför svårigheter, att alltid vara orolig överhinder som kan finnas i vägen eller bära en pinne med sigför att hitta sin väg. För att bekämpa de här svårigheternahar vi konstruerat Vision for the Blind.Ultraljudsbaserade sensorer använder ljudvågor för attmäta avstånd från ett objekt. Dessa sensorer har använtsi Vision for the Blind i kombination med Piezo sumrarför att varna användaren om inkommande hinder genomatt emittera ljud från sumrarna. Ljudvolymen kontrollerasmed hjälp av en digital potentiometer och varierar med detuppmätta avståndet. Alla tre är kopplade till en Arduinosom är kodad för att utföra det givna uppdraget

Vision For the Blind

How can we improve the living standards of the visually impaired using an Arduino? Living with visual impairment could potentially be one of the hardest things one could do. Constantly having to worry about obstacles and carrying a stick to feel your way forward. In order to combat this difficulty, we have designed Vision for the Blind. One of the usages of ultrasonic sensors are to measure the distance from objects using sound waves. These sensors, in combination with Piezo buzzers, have been used in Vision for the Blind to warn the user of incoming obstacles by emitting sound from the buzzers. The volume of the buzzers is controlled by using a digital potentiometer and varies depending on the measured distance. All three are connected to an Arduino which has been coded to perform the given task.Hur kan vi öka levnadsstandarden för visuellt nedsatta människor med hjälp av en Arduino? Att leva med visuell nedsättning är självklart ett stort problem som medför svårigheter, att alltid vara orolig över hinder som kan finnas i vägen eller bära en pinne med sig för att hitta sin väg. För att bekämpa de här svårigheterna har vi konstruerat Vision for the Blind. Ultraljudsbaserade sensorer använder ljudvågor för att mäta avstånd från ett objekt. Dessa sensorer har använts i Vision for the Blind i kombination med Piezo sumrar för att varna användaren om inkommande hinder genom att emittera ljud från sumrarna. Ljudvolymen kontrolleras med hjälp av en digital potentiometer och varierar med det uppmätta avståndet. Alla tre är kopplade till en Arduino som är kodad för att utföra det givna uppdraget

Vision For the Blind

How can we improve the living standards of the visually impaired using an Arduino? Living with visual impairment could potentially be one of the hardest things one could do. Constantly having to worry about obstacles and carrying a stick to feel your way forward. In order to combat this difficulty, we have designed Vision for the Blind. One of the usages of ultrasonic sensors are to measure the distance from objects using sound waves. These sensors, in combination with Piezo buzzers, have been used in Vision for the Blind to warn the user of incoming obstacles by emitting sound from the buzzers. The volume of the buzzers is controlled by using a digital potentiometer and varies depending on the measured distance. All three are connected to an Arduino which has been coded to perform the given task.Hur kan vi öka levnadsstandarden för visuellt nedsatta människor med hjälp av en Arduino? Att leva med visuell nedsättning är självklart ett stort problem som medför svårigheter, att alltid vara orolig över hinder som kan finnas i vägen eller bära en pinne med sig för att hitta sin väg. För att bekämpa de här svårigheterna har vi konstruerat Vision for the Blind. Ultraljudsbaserade sensorer använder ljudvågor för att mäta avstånd från ett objekt. Dessa sensorer har använts i Vision for the Blind i kombination med Piezo sumrar för att varna användaren om inkommande hinder genom att emittera ljud från sumrarna. Ljudvolymen kontrolleras med hjälp av en digital potentiometer och varierar med det uppmätta avståndet. Alla tre är kopplade till en Arduino som är kodad för att utföra det givna uppdraget

Vision For the Blind

How can we improve the living standards of the visually impaired using an Arduino? Living with visual impairment could potentially be one of the hardest things one could do. Constantly having to worry about obstacles and carrying a stick to feel your way forward. In order to combat this difficulty, we have designed Vision for the Blind. One of the usages of ultrasonic sensors are to measure the distance from objects using sound waves. These sensors, in combination with Piezo buzzers, have been used in Vision for the Blind to warn the user of incoming obstacles by emitting sound from the buzzers. The volume of the buzzers is controlled by using a digital potentiometer and varies depending on the measured distance. All three are connected to an Arduino which has been coded to perform the given task.Hur kan vi öka levnadsstandarden för visuellt nedsatta människor med hjälp av en Arduino? Att leva med visuell nedsättning är självklart ett stort problem som medför svårigheter, att alltid vara orolig över hinder som kan finnas i vägen eller bära en pinne med sig för att hitta sin väg. För att bekämpa de här svårigheterna har vi konstruerat Vision for the Blind. Ultraljudsbaserade sensorer använder ljudvågor för att mäta avstånd från ett objekt. Dessa sensorer har använts i Vision for the Blind i kombination med Piezo sumrar för att varna användaren om inkommande hinder genom att emittera ljud från sumrarna. Ljudvolymen kontrolleras med hjälp av en digital potentiometer och varierar med det uppmätta avståndet. Alla tre är kopplade till en Arduino som är kodad för att utföra det givna uppdraget

Vision for the Blind

How can we improve the living standards of the visuallyimpaired using an Arduino?Living with visual impairment could potentially be oneof the hardest things one could do. Constantly having toworry about obstacles and carrying a stick to feel your wayforward. In order to combat this difficulty, we have designedVision for the Blind.One of the usages of ultrasonic sensors are to measurethe distance from objects using sound waves. These sensors,in combination with Piezo buzzers, have been used inVision for the Blind to warn the user of incoming obstaclesby emitting sound from the buzzers. The volume of thebuzzers is controlled by using a digital potentiometer andvaries depending on the measured distance. All three areconnected to an Arduino which has been coded to performthe given task.Hur kan vi öka levnadsstandarden för visuellt nedsattamänniskor med hjälp av en Arduino?Att leva med visuell nedsättning är självklart ett stortproblem som medför svårigheter, att alltid vara orolig överhinder som kan finnas i vägen eller bära en pinne med sigför att hitta sin väg. För att bekämpa de här svårigheternahar vi konstruerat Vision for the Blind.Ultraljudsbaserade sensorer använder ljudvågor för attmäta avstånd från ett objekt. Dessa sensorer har använtsi Vision for the Blind i kombination med Piezo sumrarför att varna användaren om inkommande hinder genomatt emittera ljud från sumrarna. Ljudvolymen kontrollerasmed hjälp av en digital potentiometer och varierar med detuppmätta avståndet. Alla tre är kopplade till en Arduinosom är kodad för att utföra det givna uppdraget