Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas durch Ausdauersport und Krafttraining

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll die chronischen Krankheiten Übergewicht und Adi-positas vorstellen, Therapiekonzepte erklären und einen Überblick der Entwicklung aus der Vergangenheit in die Zukunft zeigen. Dabei werden Problemperspektiven herausgearbeitet und Aspekte der Gewichtsregulation berücksichtigt. Das Wissen über physiologische Körperfunktionen und psychologische Faktoren sollen das Verständnis der Krankheit unterstützen und die Anwendung von wissenschaftlich untermauerten Therapien begründen. Grundlagen von Ausdauersport und Krafttraining sowie Empfehlungen zur körperlichen Aktivität werden erläutert. Dadurch wird der Stellenwert der körperlichen Bewegung und vor allen die Assoziation zwischen Aktivität und Entstehung von Übergewicht sichtbar.The present work is to present the chronic disease obesity and overweight, ex-plain treatment concepts and show an overview of the development from the past to the future. In this problem prospects are identified and taken into ac-count aspects of weight regulation. The knowledge about physiological bodily functions and psychological factors should assist in understanding the disease and substantiate the use of scientifically-based therapies. Fundamentals of endurance sports and strength training as well as recommendations for physical activity are discussed. Thus, the importance of exercise and physical well before any association between the movement and development of overweight is visible

La defensa pública y el derecho a la defensa eficaz, en la etapa intermedia en los Juzgados de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto, 2019 – 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la vulneración del derecho a la defensa eficaz del imputado, por la actuación de la defensa pública en los casos que se desarrolla la etapa intermedia en los Juzgados de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto, 2019-2020. El tipo de investigación es básica y los diseños fueron el estudio de caso y teoría fundamentada, se emplearon las técnicas del análisis de fuente documental y la entrevista a expertos, y los instrumentos de guía de entrevista a expertos fueron aplicados a nueve expertos: tres fiscales, tres jueces y tres defensores públicos. La guía de análisis documental aplicada a veinte expedientes y al Decreto Supremo N.º 17-2019-JUS, que ayudaron a lograr los objetivos planteados en la presente investigación. Finalmente se concluyó que la actuación de la defensa pública vulnera el derecho a la defensa eficaz del imputado debido a que su participación durante la etapa intermedia solo se realiza para dar formalidad al proceso, por cuanto no es posible desarrollarlo sin intervención de un abogado defensor que represente al investigado, y no despliegan una mínima actuación a favor de la defensa

El principio de celeridad en el desarrollo de la etapa de incoación a proceso inmediato en los delitos de Omisión a la Asistencia Familiar del Juzgado de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto, 2017

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar cuál es el nivel de aplicación del principio de celeridad en el desarrollo de la etapa de incoación a proceso inmediato en los delitos de Omisión a la Asistencia Familiar del Juzgado de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto, 2017. Ahora bien, el tipo de investigación desarrollada es básica, el nivel es descriptivo y el diseño de investigación es no experimental - descriptivo simple, asimismo la muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 66 expedientes de proceso inmediato en delitos de Omisión de Asistencia Familiar, habiendo empleado la técnica muestral de muestreo aleatorio simple; para la recolección de datos se empleó la técnica de la observación documentaria y como instrumento la lista de cotejo. Luego de haber sistematizado y analizado los resultados obtenidos, se ha determinado que el 30% de los casos presentan un nivel deficiente de aplicación del principio de celeridad, el 70% presentan un nivel regular de aplicación del principio de celeridad, y ningunos de los casos presentan un nivel adecuado. Confirmándose la hipótesis planteada de que el nivel de aplicación del principio de celeridad en el desarrollo de la etapa de incoación a proceso inmediato en los delitos de Omisión a la Asistencia Familiar del Juzgado de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto es regular.The purpose of this investigation is to determine the level of application of the principle of speed in the development of the stage of initiation to immediate proceedings in the crimes of Omission to Family Assistance of the Court of Preparatory Investigation of Tarapoto, 2017. Now, the type of research developed is basic, the level is descriptive and the research design is non-experimental - simple descriptive, also the study sample was made up of 66 records of immediate process in Family Assistance Omission offenses, having used the simple random sampling technique; For the data collection the documentary observation technique was used and as an instrument the checklist. After having systematized and analyzed the results, it has been determined that 30% of the cases have a poor level of application of the principle of speed, 70% have a regular level of application of the principle of speed, and none of the cases They have an adequate level. Confirming the hypothesis that the level of application of the principle of speed in the development of the stage of opening to immediate process in the crimes of Omission to Family Assistance of the Court of Preparatory Investigation of Tarapoto is regular.TesisAp

El principio de celeridad en el desarrollo de la etapa de incoación a proceso inmediato en los delitos de Omisión a la Asistencia Familiar del Juzgado de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto, 2017

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar cuál es el nivel de aplicación del principio de celeridad en el desarrollo de la etapa de incoación a proceso inmediato en los delitos de Omisión a la Asistencia Familiar del Juzgado de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto, 2017. Ahora bien, el tipo de investigación desarrollada es básica, el nivel es descriptivo y el diseño de investigación es no experimental - descriptivo simple, asimismo la muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 66 expedientes de proceso inmediato en delitos de Omisión de Asistencia Familiar, habiendo empleado la técnica muestral de muestreo aleatorio simple; para la recolección de datos se empleó la técnica de la observación documentaria y como instrumento la lista de cotejo. Luego de haber sistematizado y analizado los resultados obtenidos, se ha determinado que el 30% de los casos presentan un nivel deficiente de aplicación del principio de celeridad, el 70% presentan un nivel regular de aplicación del principio de celeridad, y ningunos de los casos presentan un nivel adecuado. Confirmándose la hipótesis planteada de que el nivel de aplicación del principio de celeridad en el desarrollo de la etapa de incoación a proceso inmediato en los delitos de Omisión a la Asistencia Familiar del Juzgado de Investigación Preparatoria de Tarapoto es regular.The purpose of this investigation is to determine the level of application of the principle of speed in the development of the stage of initiation to immediate proceedings in the crimes of Omission to Family Assistance of the Court of Preparatory Investigation of Tarapoto, 2017. Now, the type of research developed is basic, the level is descriptive and the research design is non-experimental - simple descriptive, also the study sample was made up of 66 records of immediate process in Family Assistance Omission offenses, having used the simple random sampling technique; For the data collection the documentary observation technique was used and as an instrument the checklist. After having systematized and analyzed the results, it has been determined that 30% of the cases have a poor level of application of the principle of speed, 70% have a regular level of application of the principle of speed, and none of the cases They have an adequate level. Confirming the hypothesis that the level of application of the principle of speed in the development of the stage of opening to immediate process in the crimes of Omission to Family Assistance of the Court of Preparatory Investigation of Tarapoto is regular.TesisAp

Polypharmacy among anabolic-androgenic steroid users: A descriptive metasynthesis

Background: As far as we are aware, no previous systematic review and synthesis of the qualitative/descriptive literature on polypharmacy in anabolic-androgenic steroid(s) (AAS) users has been published. Method: We systematically reviewed and synthesized qualitative/descriptive literature gathered from searches in electronic databases and by inspecting reference lists of relevant literature to investigate AAS users' polypharmacy. We adhered to the recommendations of the UK Economic and Social Research Council's qualitative research synthesis manual and the PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 50 studies published between 1985 and 2014 were included in the analysis. Studies originated from 10 countries although most originated from United States (n = 22), followed by Sweden (n = 7), England only (n = 5), and the United Kingdom (n = 4). It was evident that prior to their debut, AAS users often used other licit and illicit substances. The main ancillary/supplementary substances used were alcohol, and cannabis/cannabinoids followed by cocaine, growth hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), amphetamine/meth, clenbuterol, ephedra/ephedrine, insulin, and thyroxine. Other popular substance classes were analgesics/opioids, dietary/nutritional supplements, and diuretics. Our classification of the various substances used by AAS users resulted in 13 main groups. These non-AAS substances were used mainly to enhance the effects of AAS, combat the side effects of AAS, and for recreational or relaxation purposes, as well as sexual enhancement. Conclusions: Our findings corroborate previous suggestions of associations between AAS use and the use of other licit and illicit substances. Efforts must be intensified to combat the debilitating effects of AAS-associated polypharmacy

A new high-resolution elevation model of Greenland derived from TanDEM-X

In this paper we present for the first time the new digital elevation model (DEM) for Greenland produced by the TanDEM-X (TerraSAR add-on for digital elevation measurement) mission. The new, full coverage DEM of Greenland has a resolution of 0.4 arc seconds corresponding to 12 m. It is composed of more than 7.000 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) DEM scenes. X- Band SAR penetrates the snow and ice pack by several meters depending on the structures within the snow, the acquisition parameters, and the dielectricity constant of the medium. Hence, the resulting SAR measurements do not represent the surface but the elevation of the mean phase center of the backscattered signal. Special adaptations on the nominal TanDEM-X DEM generation are conducted to maintain these characteristics and not to raise or even deform the DEM to surface reference data. For the block adjustment, only on the outer coastal regions ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) elevations as ground control points (GCPs) are used where mostly rock and surface scattering predominates. Comparisons with ICESat data and snow facies are performed. In the inner ice and snow pack, the final X-Band InSAR DEM of Greenland lies up to 10 m below the ICESat measurements. At the outer coastal regions it corresponds well with the GCPs. The resulting DEM is outstanding due to its resolution, accuracy and full coverage. It provides a high resolution dataset as basis for research on climate change in the arctic

Double versus single high-dose melphalan 200 mg/m2 and autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a region-based study in 484 patients from the Nordic area

Autologous stem cell transplantation is still considered the standard of care in young patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This disease is the most common indication for high-dose therapy (HDT) supported by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and much data support the benefit of this procedure. Results of randomized studies are in favor of tandem autologous transplantation although the effect on overall survival is unclear. Based on sequential registration trials in the Nordic area, we aimed to evaluate the outcome of conventional single or double HDT

Prognostic relevance of MOG antibodies in children with an acquired demyelinating syndrome

Objective: To assess the prognostic value of MOG antibodies (abs) in the differential diagnosis of acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). Methods: Clinical course, MRI, MOG-abs, AQP4-abs, and CSF cells and oligoclonal bands (OCB) in children with ADS and 24 months of follow-up were reviewed in this observational prospective multicenter hospital-based study. Results: Two hundred ten children with ADS were included and diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n = 60), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) (n = 12), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (n = 101), and multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 37) after the first episode. MOG-abs were predominantly found in ADEM (57%) and less frequently in NMOSD (25%), CIS (25%), or MS (8%). Increased MOG-ab titers were associated with younger age (p = 0.0001), diagnosis of ADEM (p = 0.005), increased CSF cell counts (p = 0.011), and negative OCB (p = 0.012). At 24-month follow-up, 96 children had no further relapses. Thirtyfive children developed recurrent non-MS episodes (63% MOG-, 17% AQP4-abs at onset). Seventy-nine children developed MS (4% MOG-abs at onset). Recurrent non-MS episodes were associated with high MOG-ab titers (p = 0.0003) and older age at onset (p = 0.024). MS was predicted by MS-like MRI (p = 1:1,280 predicted a non-MS course with a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 100% and a recurrent non-MS course with a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 86%. Conclusions: Our results show that the presence of MOG-abs strongly depends on the age at disease onset and that high MOG-ab titers were associated with a recurrent non-MS disease course

Antibodies to MOG and AQP4 in children with neuromyelitis optica and limited forms of the disease

Objective To determine the frequency and clinical-radiological associations of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in children presenting with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and limited forms. Methods Children with a first event of NMO, recurrent (RON), bilateral ON (BON), longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) or brainstem syndrome (BS) with a clinical follow-up of more than 12 months were enrolled. Serum samples were tested for MOG-and AQP4-antibodies using live cell-based assays. Results 45 children with NMO (n=12), LETM (n=14), BON (n=6), RON (n=12) and BS (n=1) were included. 25/45 (56%) children had MOG-antibodies at initial presentation (7 NMO, 4 BON, 8 ON, 6 LETM). 5/45 (11%) children showed AQP4-antibodies (3 NMO, 1 LETM, 1 BS) and 15/45 (33%) were seronegative for both antibodies (2 NMO, 2 BON, 4 RON, 7 LETM). No differences were found in the age at presentation, sex ratio, frequency of oligoclonal bands or median EDSS at last follow-up between the three groups. Children with MOG-antibodies more frequently (1) had a monophasic course (p=0.018) after one year, (2) presented with simultaneous ON and LETM (p=0.004) and (3) were less likely to receive immunosuppressive therapies (p=0.0002). MRI in MOG-antibody positive patients (4) less frequently demonstrated periependymal lesions (p=0.001), (5) more often were unspecific (p=0.004) and (6) resolved more frequently (p=0.016). Conclusions 67% of all children presenting with NMO or limited forms tested positive for MOG-or AQP4-antibodies. MOG-antibody positivity was associated with distinct features. We therefore recommend to measure both antibodies in children with demyelinating syndromes

The Minimal Domain of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) Ranges until Leucine 254 and Can Be Activated and Inhibited by CGI-58 and G0S2, Respectively

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis. ATGL specifically hydrolyzes triacylglycerols (TGs), thereby generating diacylglycerols and free fatty acids. ATGL's enzymatic activity is co-activated by the protein comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) and inhibited by the protein G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2). The enzyme is predicted to act through a catalytic dyad (Ser47, Asp166) located within the conserved patatin domain (Ile10-Leu178). Yet, neither an experimentally determined 3D structure nor a model of ATGL is currently available, which would help to understand how CGI-58 and G0S2 modulate ATGL's activity. In this study we determined the minimal active domain of ATGL. This minimal fragment of ATGL could still be activated and inhibited by CGI-58 and G0S2, respectively. Furthermore, we show that this minimal domain is sufficient for protein-protein interaction of ATGL with its regulatory proteins. Based on these data, we generated a 3D homology model for the minimal domain. It strengthens our experimental finding that amino acids between Leu178 and Leu254 are essential for the formation of a stable protein domain related to the patatin fold. Our data provide insights into the structure-function relationship of ATGL and indicate higher structural similarities in the N-terminal halves of mammalian patatin-like phospholipase domain containing proteins, (PNPLA1, -2,- 3 and -5) than originally anticipated