Messinian erosional and salinity crises: View from the Provence Basin (Gulf of Lions, Western Mediterranean)

International audienceThough the late Miocene “Messinian Salinity Crisis” has been intensely researched along the circum-Mediterranean basins, few studies have focused on the central part of the Mediterranean Basin and, especially, the pre-salt deposits. To improve our knowledge of the Messinian events, it is imperative to better understand this domain. In this study, we provide a more complete understanding of this central domain in the Provence Basin. We were able to recognize: a) thick marine detrital series (up to 1000 m) derived from the Messinian subaerial erosion which is partly prolongated in the distal part by b) a thick unit of deep marine deposits (up to 800 m) prior to the evaporites; c) a thick presumed alternation of detritals and evaporites (1500 m) below the mobile halite; and d) a two-step transgression at the end of the Messinian. Spatially, we document the eroded shelf to the deep basin (and from the western to the eastern parts of the Gulf of Lions), and temporally, we extend the interpretations from the early deposition of detritic sediments to the final sea-level rise. The results provide a new basis for discussion not only for the development of the Messinian Salinity Crisis but also for the reconstruction of the subsidence history of the Provence Basin

An international tool to measure perceived stressors in intensive care units: the PS-ICU scale.

Background The intensive care unit is increasingly recognized as a stressful environment for healthcare professionals. This context has an impact on the health of these professionals but also on the quality of their personal and professional life. However, there is currently no validated scale to measure specific stressors perceived by healthcare professionals in intensive care. The aim of this study was to construct and validate in three languages a perceived stressors scale more specific to intensive care units (ICU). Results We conducted a three-phase study between 2016 and 2019: (1) identification of stressors based on the verbatim of 165 nurses and physicians from 4 countries (Canada, France, Italy, and Spain). We identified 99 stressors, including those common to most healthcare professions (called generic), as well as stressors more specific to ICU professionals (called specific); (2) item elaboration and selection by a panel of interdisciplinary experts to build a provisional 99-item version of the scale. This version was pre-tested with 70 professionals in the 4 countries and enabled us to select 50 relevant items; (3) test of the validity of the scale in 497 ICU healthcare professionals. Factor analyses identified six dimensions: lack of fit with families and organizational functioning; patient- and family-related emotional load; complex/at risk situations and skill-related issues; workload and human resource management issues; difficulties related to team working; and suboptimal care situations. Correlations of the PS-ICU scale with a generic stressors measure (i.e., the Job Content Questionnaire) tested its convergent validity, while its correlations with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-HSS examined its concurrent validity. We also assessed the test–retest reliability of PS-ICU with intraclass correlation coefficients. Conclusions The perceived stressors in intensive care units (PS-ICU) scale have good psychometric properties in all countries. It includes six broad dimensions covering generic or specific stressors to ICU, and thus, enables the identification of work situations that are likely to generate high levels of stress at the individual and unit levels. For future studies, this tool will enable the implementation of targeted corrective actions on which intervention research can be based. It also enables national and international comparisons of stressors’ impact.post-print925 K

Spectres infrarouges des plaquettes sanguines humaines et des membranes plaquettaires isolées

Les plaquettes sanguines humaines normales et les membranes plaquettaires isolées ont été étudiées par spectrométrie infrarouge, dans la région 4000.300 cm–1, avant et après protéolyse par l'α-chymotrypsine ou délipidation par un mélange chloroforme-méthanol.Cette étude a permis d'obtenir les premiers spectres infrarouges des plaquettes et des membranes plaquettaires isolées. Ces spectres apparaissent essentiellement similaires ; ils révèlent la conformation a ou désordonnée des protéines plaquettairesLa protéolyse des composants polypeptidiques de surface, tant des plaquettes que des membranes, affecte peu leurs spectres infrarouges. Par contre, la délipidation entraîne une diminution de l'intensité des bandes d'absorption qui correspondent aux phospholipides de surface de la plaquette

Emotional Impact of End-of-Life Decisions on Professional Relationships in the ICU

International audienc

Paleo sea levels reconsidered from direct observation of paleoshoreline position during Glacial Maxima (for the last 500,000 yr)

International audienceThe drastic climatic changes which characterise the cooling trend of the last few million years of Earth history led to variations in eustatic sea level that had tremendous impact on the geology and ecology of continental margins. Reconstructing a sea-level curve back in time is not an easy task. Observations of shoreline positions are always a local measurement of Relative Sea Level that needs to be corrected from the effect of tectonic and thermal subsidence, sediment loading, compaction and glacio-hydro isostasy. Extensive studies have been done for the last deglaciation and for the last 100,000 yr cycle. But very few studies deal with position of sea level during earlier cycles, simply because conditions are very rarely favourable for the preservation of such witnesses. The shelf of the Golfe du Lion (Western Mediterranean) reveals a unique record of shoreline paleopositions during glacial maxima of at least the last five circa 100 kyr glacial/interglacial cycles. In fact it is the entire glacial deltaic lobe of up to 50 m thick (from delta front or shoreface to prodelta) that has been preserved in place and which provides direct and independent constraints for relative sea-level minima. We measure a relative sea level of: - 112m, - 128, - 134, - 246 and - 262 m for MIS 2, 6, 8, 10 and 12 respectively. After corrections taking into account postdepositional movement of strata (subsidence), we find, that sea level dropped to a depth of - 102 ± 6 m during the last three glaciations (MIS2, MIS6, MIS8) but reached exceptionally low values of more than - 150 ± 10 m during the preceding glaciations MIS10 and MIS 12 at about 340 and 434 kyr BP. This general time framework and sedimentological interpretation has been confirmed by preliminary results from two deep drillings during the PROMESS cruise (july 2004), which validate our methodology. However, no detailed and absolute datings of such witnesses are available so far, so that we cannot prove that these levels are the lowest ever reached during each glacials, but they correspond undoubtedly to the last preserved shoreface before rapid sea-level rise. We also suggest that the abrupt change in sea-level maxima might be the overprint of 400 kyr orbital periodicity cycles. Last but not least, these results prove that the Golfe du Lion is indeed a unique laboratory to study paleoclimates and sea-level variations on a larger time scale. Further work is needed for a complete glacio-hydro-sedimento isostatic modelling of each sequence and each glacial to further constraint local sea level versus global sea level and quantify, in particular the relative effect of glacio-hydro isostatic effect (which differ according to ice sheet extend) but also of erosion­sedimentation isostatic effect (erosion on land and deposition on the outer shelf and slope)

Des crises récentes Causes globales de la Crise messinienne

International audienceLa crise Messinienne, point de vue géodynamique La Mer Méditerranée s'est-elle ou non asséchée ? Tel est le débat qui a enflammé et enflamme toujours la communauté géologique méditerranéenneentendons par là la communauté qui s'intéresse à la Méditerranée (cf. le chapitre « La Crise de salinité messinienne »). Changeons de point de vue et posons le problème différemment : quelle que soit sa cause, il y a bel et bien un dépôt important d'évaporites en un temps restreint à la fin du Miocène, bien après la formation des bassins et l'arrêt des mouvements des morceaux de plaques qui les ont formés. L'écart est de plus de 15 Ma pour ce qui concerne le bassin Liguro-Provençal. Il est encore plus considérable en Méditerranée Orientale puisque les bassins Ionien et Levantin datent du Mésozoïque (voir l'article de Julie Tugend et al. dans ce numéro). Ce point n'amène aucune controverse. Cette simple observation rend ce phénomène étrange et même unique : les dépôts de sel dans les bassins océaniques mondiaux sont situés à la fin de la genèse des marges, avant la création de la croûte océanique. En Méditerranée, ce n'est pas le cas : le sel se dépose dans un bassin formé, après l'arrêt des mouvements pour la majeure partie de la Méditerranée. Il se dépose sur une séquence sédimentaire miocène épaisse, dont la topographie est plate. Mieux ! prenons le point de vue de Sirius, cher à Voltaire, et éloignons-nous de cette région fort intéressante : défocalisons notre regard. Que nous raconte cet événement unique et méditerranéen sur notre planète Terre ? Comment s'inscrit-il dans son histoire ? Les mouvements globaux, les phase

Effects of perioperative fluid management on postoperative outcomes in liver transplantation: a systematic review protocol

Abstract Background Liver transplant recipients suffer many complications, but few intraoperative interventions supported by high-quality evidence have been found effective to reduce their incidence or severity. Fluid balance has been proposed as an important aspect of perioperative care in high-risk recipients. We will conduct a systematic review aimed at evaluating the effects of restrictive perioperative fluid management strategies compared to liberal ones on clinically significant postoperative outcomes. Methods We will search through major databases (CINAHL Complete, EMB Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the gray literature (CADTH, Clinical Trials, National Guideline Clearing House, NICE, MedNar, Google Scholar and Open Grey)), from inception up to a date close to the review submission for publication, for eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials and comparative non-randomized studies (prospective or retrospective) comparing two fluid management strategies (or two outcomes with available data on fluid volume received for observational studies) on adult liver recipients will be included. Eligible studies will have to report at least one postoperative complication or mortality. Our primary outcome will be acute renal failure and our secondary exploratory outcomes will be all other postoperative complications and mortality. Study selection and data abstraction using an electronic standardized form will be performed by three authors. Risk of bias will be evaluated and data will be pooled if limited clinical diversity is observed. Discussion Human organs available for transplantation are scarce resources. Strategies to improve recipients’ survival are needed. We hypothesize that restrictive fluid management strategies will be associated with better postoperative outcomes than liberal fluid management strategies. This systematic review will improve our understanding of the available evidence and help us better inform future clinical trials. Systematic review registration This systematic review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017054970)

Structural and sedimentary origin of the Gargano - Pelagosa gateway and impact on sedimentary evolution during the Messinian Salinity Crisis

International audienceCirculation of water masses, sediment, and biotope between the sub-basins of the Mediterranean Sea strongly depends on morphological oceanic gateways. These geological features react to geodynamic reorganisation through volcanism, vertical movements, and/or the segmentation of sedimentary basins. Despite the palaeogeographic relevance of straits and oceanic-gateways, their evolution and impact on sedimentary transports and deposition in the Mediterranean remain in general poorly constrained. The Gargano-Pelagosa gateway is here first recognized as an influential element of the palaeogeographic/environmental evolution of the central-southern Apenninic foredeep and wedge-top domains during the Messinian, as shown by the integration of (i) seismic lines, (ii) well information from the Adriatic Sea, and (iii) a review of both onshore and offshore structural data and Messinian depositional environments. A palinspastic evolution is proposed for the Apennine and south Adriatic foredeeps during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC: 5.97-5.33 Ma). We highlight the implication of the pre-MSC structural legacy and the development of the Apennine and Dinarid-Albanian chains in 1) the isolation of the Apennine foredeep from the deep central Mediterranean domains at the peak of the MSC; 2) the vertical movements at the Gargano-Pelagosa structure and the Apulian Platform and 3) their implication in the deposition of a chaotic sedimentary body

Implication des reconstructions palinspatiques dans l'évolution des seuils centraux Méditerranéens durant la crise de Salinité Messinienne.

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Atlas of the Stratigraphic Markers in the Western Mediterranean with focus on the Messinian, Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Gulf of Lion

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