Mathematical modeling of bulk and directional crystallization with the moving phase transition layer

This paper is devoted to the mathematical modeling of a combined effect of directional and bulk crystallization in a phase transition layer with allowance for nucleation and evolution of newly born particles. We consider two models with and without fluctuations in crystal growth velocities, which are analytically solved using the saddle-point technique. The particle-size distribution function, solid-phase fraction in a supercooled two-phase layer, its thickness and permeability, solidification velocity, and desupercooling kinetics are defined. This solution enables us to characterize the mushy layer composition. We show that the region adjacent to the liquid phase is almost free of crystals and has a constant temperature gradient. Crystals undergo intense growth leading to fast mushy layer desupercooling in the middle of a two-phase region. The mushy region adjacent to the solid material is filled with the growing solid-phase structures and is almost desupercooled. © 2021 The Authors. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 21-79-10012The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 21-79-10012). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL

Phenomenology of Quantum Gravity and its Possible Role in Neutrino Anomalies

New phenomenological models of Quantum Gravity have suggested that a Lorentz-Invariant discrete spacetime structure may become manifest through a nonstandard coupling of matter fields and spacetime curvature. On the other hand, there is strong experimental evidence suggesting that neutrino oscillations cannot be described by simply considering neutrinos as massive particles. In this manuscript we motivate and construct one particular phenomenological model of Quantum Gravity that could account for the so-called neutrino anomalies.Comment: For the proceedings of "Relativity and Gravitation: 100 Years after Einstein in Prague" (June 2012, Prague

IN MEMORY OF ARKADY VIKTOROVICH KRYAZHIMSKIY (1949–2014)

The article is devoted to the description of Academician Arkady Kryazhimskiy's life path. The facts of the scientific biography of Acad. Kryazhimskiy are presented with the emphasis on his outstanding contribution into the theory of dynamic inversion, the theory of differential games, and control theory. His personal talents in different spheres are also marked out

The effect of spontaneous collapses on neutrino oscillations

We compute the effect of collapse models on neutrino oscillations. The effect of the collapse is to modify the evolution of the `spatial' part of the wave function, which indirectly amounts to a change on the flavor components. In many respects, this phenomenon is similar to neutrino propagation through matter. For the analysis we use the mass proportional CSL model, and perform the calculation to second order perturbation theory. As we will show, the CSL prediction is very small - mainly due to the very small mass of neutrinos - and practically undetectable.Comment: 24 pages, RevTeX. Updated versio

IN MEMORY OF ARKADY VIKTOROVICH KRYAZHIMSKIY (1949–2014)

The article is devoted to the description of Academician Arkady Kryazhimskiy's life path. The facts of the scientific biography of Acad. Kryazhimskiy are presented with the emphasis on his outstanding contribution into the theory of dynamic inversion, the theory of differential games, and control theory. His personal talents in different spheres are also marked out

Environmental Mortality and Long-Run Growth

There is emerging evidence that environmental degradation increases human mortality. This paper provides a long-run consumer optimization model in which mortality is endogenous to emissions generated by production. Emissions are assumed to follow the EKC path, first rising and then falling along with ouput. In the optimum, some deaths are accepted as an exchange for consumption. The model is estimated for the European outdoor air pollution data, showing that Europe has reached the downward sloping sement of the EKC. Economic growth will thus decrease rather than increase air pollution and the associted deaths in most countries in Europe

МЕТОДИКА ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ ГЕНОТИПА TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS МЕТОДОМ ПОЛИМЕРАЗНОЙ ЦЕПНОЙ РЕАКЦИИ

Methods for interspecific and intraspecific differentiation of helminthes, iden-tification of genotype Trichinella spiralis using polymerase chain reaction are de-veloped. These methods detect DNA loci specific for genome T. spiralis and ena-bles to determine connection between natural and synanthropic trichinellosis in different biocenosis. Methods are based on interaction of synthesized oligonucleo-tide primers with DNA loci typical for this parasite genotype. The amplified frag-ment length is increasing. Electrophoresis of amplification products enables to vis-ualize the DNA fragments and find their molecular mass. The list of equipment and reagents is presented, the process of preparation of clinical trial materials, release of genomic DNA, preparation of reaction mixture for polymerase chain reaction, amplification and electrophoresis modes are describedРазработана методика межвидовой и внутривидо-вой дифференциации гельминтов, идентификации ге-нотипа Trichinella spiralis методом полимеразной цеп-ной реакции. Методика выявляет характерные для генома T. spiralis локусы ДНК и дает возможность устанавливать связь между природным и синантроп-ным трихинеллезом в различных биоценозах. Метод основан на взаимодействии синтезированных олиго-нуклеотидных праймеров со специфичными для дан-ного генотипа паразита локусами ДНК. Происходит рост амплифицируемого фрагмента, характерного для данного генотипа. Электрофорез продуктов амплифи-кации позволяет визуализировать фрагменты ДНК и определить их молекулярную массу. Приведен пере-чень оборудования и реактивов, дано описание про-цесса подготовки клинического материала, выделения геномной ДНК, подготовки реакционной смеси для полимеразной цепной реакции и режим проведения амплификации и электрофорез

Focal-plane detector system for the KATRIN experiment

The focal-plane detector system for the KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment consists of a multi-pixel silicon p-i-n-diode array, custom readout electronics, two superconducting solenoid magnets, an ultra high-vacuum system, a high-vacuum system, calibration and monitoring devices, a scintillating veto, and a custom data-acquisition system. It is designed to detect the low-energy electrons selected by the KATRIN main spectrometer. We describe the system and summarize its performance after its final installation.Comment: 28 pages. Two figures revised for clarity. Final version published in Nucl. Inst. Meth.