Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases and AmpC Production among Uropathogenic Isolates of Escherichia coli and Antibiogram Pattern

Emergence of drug resistance in Escherichia coli due to various mechanisms makes the treatment choices very limited. The objective of this research was to investigate extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC lactamases in E. coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to assess their antibacterial susceptibility patterns in a health-care context. Atotal of 70 E. coli isolates from clinically assumed cases of UTI patients during the 9months period. The isolates with bacteriuria (105 CFU/ml) were identified. ESBL and AmpC were detected phenotypically. Out of the 70 isolates of uropathogenic E. coli, ESBL production was detected in 34(48.6%) isolates and AmpC producer in 27(38.6%) of isolates in which 14(20%) of them showed coexistence phenotype of both ESBLs and AmpC and 23(32.9%) E. coli isolates were both ESBL and AmpC non-producer. The findings donated information regarding drug resistance. The level of resistance recorded in ESBL-and AmpC-producing uropathogenic E. coli of this study was raising; therefore, it is crucial to have a strict infection control measures and routine monitoring of ESBL-and AmpC-producing bacteria in clinical laboratory

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR SISWA

The results of the evaluation of the midterm assessment in mathematics at SDN Ciapus 02 and 04 show low mathematical understanding abilities on certain indicators. This indicates that students' mathematical understanding is still low and learning objectives have not been achieved. the effect of applying two learning models, namely Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Discovery Learning (DL), on students' mathematical understanding abilities, as well as comparing differences in mathematical understanding abilities between students with visual and auditory learning styles. VI at SDN Ciapus 02 and 04 also consists of two groups of students with visual and auditory learning styles, each of which is divided into PBL and DL groups. Factorial 2x2. Independent variables include learning models (PBL and DL) and learning styles (Visual Learning Styles). and Auditory Learning Style), while the dependent variable is mathematical understanding (Y). Data analysis used the Mann Whitney Test with SPSS 25. The results of the data analysis showed that there was no difference in the if fish sign between the PBL and DL groups in mathematical understanding abilities. However, the PBL model more effective than the DL model in increasing the mathematical understanding abilities of students with a visual learning style. The DL model is more effective than the PBL model in increasing the mathematical understanding abilities of students with an auditory learning style. Based on these findings, it is suggested to teachers to consider using the PBL model in designing the process of learning mathematics and understanding student learning styles to adapt teaching approaches

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR SISWA

The results of the evaluation of the midterm assessment in mathematics at SDN Ciapus 02 and 04 show low mathematical understanding abilities on certain indicators. This indicates that students' mathematical understanding is still low and learning objectives have not been achieved. the effect of applying two learning models, namely Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Discovery Learning (DL), on students' mathematical understanding abilities, as well as comparing differences in mathematical understanding abilities between students with visual and auditory learning styles. VI at SDN Ciapus 02 and 04 also consists of two groups of students with visual and auditory learning styles, each of which is divided into PBL and DL groups. Factorial 2x2. Independent variables include learning models (PBL and DL) and learning styles (Visual Learning Styles). and Auditory Learning Style), while the dependent variable is mathematical understanding (Y). Data analysis used the Mann Whitney Test with SPSS 25. The results of the data analysis showed that there was no difference in the if fish sign between the PBL and DL groups in mathematical understanding abilities. However, the PBL model more effective than the DL model in increasing the mathematical understanding abilities of students with a visual learning style. The DL model is more effective than the PBL model in increasing the mathematical understanding abilities of students with an auditory learning style. Based on these findings, it is suggested to teachers to consider using the PBL model in designing the process of learning mathematics and understanding student learning styles to adapt teaching approaches

Sikap dan Kemampuan Metakognitif Sains Matematika Guru dan Peserta Didik: Kesiapan Pencapaian Standar Kompetensi Lulusan Pada Kurikulum 2013

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggali sikap dan kemampuan metakognitif guru dan peserta didik sebagai dasar pengembangan program sekolah untuk mencapai standar kompetensi lulusan sesuai kurikulum 2013. Indonesia mulai tahun 2016 secara serentak menerapkan kurikulum baru bernama kurikulum 2013. Berbeda dengan kurikulum sebelumnya, kurikulum baru menghendaki pencapaian pengetahuan metakognitif pada semua jenjang, termasuk jenjang sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada kelas IPA. Sebanyak 30 guru dan 168 peserta terlibat dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam sikap metakognitif guru dan murid sudah baik, rerata kesadaran metakognitif berada pada kisaran 80%. Namun kemampuan metakognitif sains matematika para guru dan peserta didik sangat rendah. Rerata hasil tes metakognitif berkisar antara 0% sampai 33%. Berdasarkan hasil ini sekolah harus mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan literasi guna meningkatkan kemampuan metakognitif peserta didik

KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA DENGAN STRATEGI HEURISTIK :Studi Eksperimen di SMU Negeri 8 Kota Bogor

masalah matematika siswa antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran denean strategi heuristik dan yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional, fbl ketuntasan belajar siswa dari pelaksanaan pembelajaran pemecahan masalah matematika dengan strategi hcurisUk, (c) sikap siswa terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran pemecahan masalah matematika dengan strategi hcurisUk, (d) hambatan dan dukungan mengenai pembelajaran pemecahan masalah'matematika dengan strategi heuristik. Penclitian ini mcrupakan studi eksperimen di salah satu SMU Negeri di Bogor dengan disain penclitian Pretest Post-test Control Group Design. Subjck populasi adalah scluruh siswa kclas I dengan mengambil sampcl dua kclas sccara acak, yaitu kclas eksperimen dan kclas control. Pcngumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara 1) memberikan* tcs kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dalam bentuk uraian dengan pokok bahasan Persamaan Kuadrat dan Pcrbandingan Trigonometri. 2) memberikan skala sikap pada siswa. Data basil penclitian dianalisis sccara deskriptif untuk mengintrcprctasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dan sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran pemecahan masalah matematika dengan strategi heuristik. Sclain itu untuk melihat adanya pcrbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol digunakan uji-t pada taraf kepcrcayaan 99%. Hasil penclitian menunjukkan, (a) kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada kelompok eksperimen lebih baik apabila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Terdapat perbedaan perolehan belajar antara kelompok yang mendapat perlakuan dan kelompok yang pembelajarannya biasa. Kelompok yang mendapat perlakuan termasuk katagori kemampuan sedang, sedangkan kelompok dengan pembelajaran biasa termasuk katagori kemampuan rendah, ditinjau dari setiap aspek pemecahan masalah ternyata kemampuan memahami masalah untuk kedua kelompok termasuk katagori baik, dan aspek memeriksa kembali hasil termasuk katagori rendah. Aspek memeriksa kembali hasil merupakan aspek yang paling sulit bagi siswa. (b) ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal berdasarkan kurikulum 1994 belum tercapai, (c) sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran pemecahan masalah matematika dengan strategi heuristik secara keseluruhan adalah positif, (d) Faktor penghambat dalam pembelajaran pemecahan masalah matematika dengan strategi heuristik pada penelitian ini adalah waktu yang digunakan banyak dibutulikan pada saat memberikan tuntunan dan guru harus lebih siap dalam memberikan tuntunan. Sedangkan yang mendukung dalam penelitian ini adalah minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran cukup baik

Statistical study of chorus wave distributions in the inner magnetosphere using Ae and solar wind parameters

Energetic electrons within the Earth's radiation belts represent a serious hazard to geostationary satellites. The interactions of electrons with chorus waves play an important role in both the acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons. The common approach is to present model wave distributions in the inner magnetosphere under different values of geomagnetic activity as expressed by the geomagnetic indices. However, it has been shown that only around 50% of geomagnetic storms increase flux of relativistic electrons at geostationary orbit while 20% causes a decrease and the remaining 30% has relatively no effect. This emphasizes the importance of including solar wind parameters such as bulk velocity (V), density (n), flow pressure (P), and the vertical interplanetary magnetic field component (Bz) that are known to be predominately effective in the control of high energy fluxes at the geostationary orbit. Therefore, in the present study the set of parameters of the wave distributions is expanded to include the solar wind parameters in addition to the geomagnetic activity. The present study examines almost 4 years (1 January 2004 to 29 September 2007) of Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuation data from Double Star TC1 combined with geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters from OMNI database in order to present a comprehensive model of wave magnetic field intensities for the chorus waves as a function of magnetic local time, L shell (L), magnetic latitude (λm), geomagnetic activity, and solar wind parameters. Generally, the results indicate that the intensity of chorus emission is not only dependent upon geomagnetic activity but also dependent on solar wind parameters with velocity and southward interplanetary magnetic field Bs (Bz < 0), evidently the most influential solar wind parameters. The largest peak chorus intensities in the order of 50 pT are observed during active conditions, high solar wind velocities, low solar wind densities, high pressures, and high Bs. The average chorus intensities are more extensive and stronger for lower band chorus than the corresponding upper band chorus

Density and dry weight of pigweed by various weed control methods and various resources of nitrogen fertilizer in corn forage farm

This study evaluates effects of various weeds control methods and nitrogen fertilizer resources on density and dry weight of pigweed and the performance of corn forage as factorial in full random block design with 3 repetitions in research farm of Ferdowsi Mashhad University in 2014. The test treatments include weed control methods such as chemical control, compound (mechanical+ chemical) control, and no control and types of nitrogen fertilizer including (urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate calcium, nitrate ammonium, and nonusing fertilizer). Density and dry weight of pigweed was measured four times in growing season to determine changes procedure. In the Corn primary stage, the performance of wet forage was also measured. The obtained results from test showed that forage performance at the end of growing season, and density and dry weight of pigweed after 60 days of planting were significantly influenced by control methods, type of nitrogen fertilizer, and interaction of control methods and type of nitrogen fertilizer. (P&gt;0.01) the highest forage performance was obtained in compound control method and nitrate calcium fertilizer treatment with approximate weight of 12072kg/hec.In no control and studied fertilizers treatment in test, the pigweed density has stayed constant with soft descending slope 20 days after planting so on, and its weight increased until 60 days of planting and then decreased until the growing season.Keywords: Compound Control, Nitrogen Fertilizer Resource, Pigweed, Corn Forag

Detection of carbapenemase in acinetobacter baumannii enrolled in the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance

Background and objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant pathogenic bacterium in the health system. The ability to resist antimicrobial drugs and biofilm formation gives the considerable capacity to A. baumannii for existing in a harsh environment, enabling this bacterium to cause hospital-acquired infection. Carbapenem is an important treatment option for severe nosocomial infection and patients infected by multidrug-resistant organisms. The main aim of this study is to detect carbapenemase in isolates, and its association with biofilm formation as well as antibiotic resistance. Methods: Sixty A. baumannii isolates were obtained from several hospital districts in Erbil city. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of isolates were performed by VITEKII compact system. Phenotypic identification of carbapenem by sCIM also biofilm-forming was detected by 96 well method. Additionally, three antimicrobial agents were used if they were successful in eliminating biofilm formation. . Results: The majority of the isolates were from sputum, accounting 75% and antibiotic susceptibility showed that the isolates are resistant to the most available antibiotics, and significant of the isolates formed strong biofilm. The sensitivity of meropenem, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin were employed for ten isolates of A. baumannii after biofilm formation it was found that biofilm cells need more concentration of antibiotic than planktonic cells then phenotypic detection of carbapenem showed that the overall positive values were 30 (50.0%) for sCIM. Conclusion: We revealed that most resistant isolates have a greater capacity for biofilm development than sensitivite isolates. Biofilm-producing strains of A. baumannii cannot be killed with the relatively similar concentration of antimicrobial drugs that are needed to kill planktonic cells

Outer radiation belt electron lifetime model based on combined Van Allen Probes and Cluster VLF measurements

The flux of energetic electrons in the outer radiation belt shows a high variability. The interactions of electrons with very low frequency (VLF) chorus waves play a significant role in controlling the flux variation of these particles. Quantifying the effects of these interactions is crucially important for accurately modeling the global dynamics of the outer radiation belt and to provide a comprehensive description of electron flux variations over a wide energy range (from the source population of 30 keV electrons up to the relativistic core population of the outer radiation belt). Here, we use a synthetic chorus wave model based on a combined database compiled from the Van Allen Probes and Cluster spacecraft VLF measurements to develop a comprehensive parametric model of electron lifetimes as a function of L‐shell, electron energy, and geomagnetic activity. The wave model takes into account the wave amplitude dependence on geomagnetic latitude, wave normal angle distribution, and variations of wave frequency with latitude. We provide general analytical formulas to estimate electron lifetimes as a function of L‐shell (for L = 3.0 to L = 6.5), electron energy (from 30 keV to 2 MeV), and geomagnetic activity parameterized by the AE index. The present model lifetimes are compared to previous studies and analytical results and also show a good agreement with measured lifetimes of 30 to 300 keV electrons at geosynchronous orbit

DLX6-AS1: A long non-coding RNA with oncogenic features

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of ncRNAs with characteristic size of more than 200 nucleotides. An increasing number of lncRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in many human diseases particularly cancer. However, their role in carcinogenesis is not precisely understood. DLX6-AS1 is an lncRNAs which has been unveiled to be up-regulated in various number of cancers. In different cell studies, DLX6-AS1 has shown oncogenic role via promoting oncogenic phenotype of cancer cell lines. Increase in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT while suppressing apoptosis in cancer cells are the effects of DLX6-AS1 in development and progression of cancer. In the majority of cell experiment, mediator miRNAs have been identified which are sponged and negatively regulated by DLX6-AS1, and they in turn regulate expression of a number of transcription factors, eventually affecting signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. These pathways form axes through which DLX6-AS1 promotes carcinogenicity of cancer cells. Xenograft animal studies, also have confirmed enhancing effect of DLX6-AS1 on tumor growth and metastasis. Clinical evaluations in cancerous patients have also shown increased expression of DLX6-AS1 in tumor tissues compared to healthy tissues. High DLX6-AS1 expression has shown positive association with advanced clinicopathological features in cancerous patients. Survival analyses have demonstrated correlation between high DLX6-AS1 expression and shorter survival. In cox regression analysis, DLX6-AS1 has been found as an independent prognostic factor for patients with various types of cancer