Política de distribuição de matrículas no município de Pinhais : acesso à escola e oportunidades educacionais

Orientadora : Profa. Dra. Gabriela SchneiderMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Curso de Especialização em Políticas Educacionais,Inclui referênciasResumo : Este estudo procura compreender os mecanismos de alocação dos estudantes, no município de Pinhais- PR. Trata-se de uma investigação que busca discutir como se dá a atual política de distribuição dos estudantes e as razões para a sua implementação. Tendo como objetivo investigar a questão do acesso à educação básica, focando nas políticas de distribuição de oportunidades educacionais e suas relações com a segregação escolar. A análise foca-se no município de Pinhais, haja vista que esse faz o processo de alocação dos estudantes por meio de um sistema misto, utilizando o sistema de georreferenciamento, bem como há a possibilidade de escolha pelos pais, mães e responsáveis. A reflexão é importante porque ao democratizar o ensino fundamental, novas formas de exclusão limitam o acesso à educação de qualidade, a falta de condições de qualidade para todos, contribui para a diferenciação entre as escolas públicas de ensino. Esta distinção é revelada na capacidade dessas de produzir credenciais socialmente valorizadas, que contribuem para as desigualdades educacionais. A pesquisa contou com a realização de entrevista com a servidora do município de Pinhais, responsável pelo setor de matrículas. As análises indicam que apesar do município permitir a escolha das escolas pelos pais, essa é limitada devido ao não oferecimento de transporte pelo município. Além disso, percebe-se que as escolas mais procuradas são aquelas que tem atendimento integral o que diferencia um pouco dos estudos que sugerem que as escolas mais procuradas são as escolas entendidas como de prestígio. Considera-se que o estudo contribui para a compreensão do acesso à educação de qualidade e para pensar a questão das desigualdades educacionais.Abstrac : This study seeks to understand the mechanisms of student allocation in the municipality of Pinhais-PR. It is an investigation that seeks to discuss how the current distribution policy of students is given and the reasons for its implementation. Aiming to investigate the issue of access to basic education, focusing on the policies of distribution of educational opportunities and their relations with school segregation. The analysis focuses on the municipality of Pinhais, since it does the process of allocating students through a mixed system, using the georeferencing system, as well as the possibility of choosing for parents, mothers and caregivers. Reflection is important because when democratizing primary education, new forms of exclusion limit access to quality education, lack of quality conditions for all, and contribute to the differentiation between public schools. This distinction is revealed in their ability to produce socially valued credentials, which contribute to educational inequalities. The research was conducted with an interview with the server of the municipality of Pinhais, responsible for the enrollment sector. The analyzes indicate that although the municipality allows the choice of schools by the parents, this is limited due to the lack of transportation offered by the municipality. In addition, it can be seen that the most sought-after schools are those that have full attendance, which differs somewhat from the studies that suggest that the most sought-after schools are understood as prestigious schools. It is considered that the study contributes to the understanding of access to quality education and to thinking about educational inequalities

O processo de privatização na oferta da creche no município de Curitiba (2015-2021)

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Daniela de Oliveira PiresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa : Curitiba, 31/03/2022Inclui referênciasResumo: O presente estudo procurou caracterizar quem são os sujeitos privados que atuam na promoção da creche por meio da parceria público-privada no Município de Curitiba, assim como os movimentos do processo de privatização da sua oferta, no período de 2015 a 2021. A escolha do marco temporal se deu por meio do maior volume de contratos referentes às parcerias para a promoção da creche no Portal da Transparência do Município de Curitiba, nos anos anteriores os dados eram praticamente inexistentes. Buscou-se averiguar se em Curitiba ocorre a coexistência dos antigos e dos novos sujeitos privados na prática de parceria público-privada para a oferta da creche. Os antigos sujeitos remanescentes podem ser caracterizados como as instituições religiosas ou não categorizadas, que ainda hoje exercem influência, pela prática de estabelecimento de parceria público-privado para a promoção da oferta da creche. Os novos sujeitos seriam caracterizados por instituições com finalidade de lucro. O estudo é de cunho qualitativo e pautou-se pela pesquisa documental, por meio dos contratos firmados pela Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba e pela deliberação da Lei n° 13.019 de 2014, que estabelece o regime jurídico das parcerias entre a administração pública e as organizações sociais. Para compreender a relação existente por meio da parceria entre o ente federado municipal e as instituições contratadas, realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com uma diretora de um Centro de Educação Infantil, que atua na promoção da creche. A pesquisa contou, ainda, com nove respostas ao questionário enviado para as 72 unidades de educação infantil contratadas pela Prefeitura de Curitiba. Conclui-se que, no município de Curitiba, há presença de antigos sujeitos na oferta da creche, sendo eles as instituições religiosas e aquelas denominadas de não categorizadas - essas eram predominantes nos contratados referentes ao ano de 2015. E os novos sujeitos, foram revelados a partir do edital de credenciamento de 2019, que se configuraram como entidades privadas com finalidade lucrativa. Em que essas, apareceram expressivamente nos contratos de 2019, e passaram a atuar ao lado das entidades religiosas e das não categorizadas.Abstract: The present study sought to characterize who are the private subjects that work in the promotion of day care through the public-private partnership in the Municipality of Curitiba, as well as the movements of the privatization process of its offer, in the period from 2015 to 2021. The time frame took place through the greater volume of contracts referring to partnerships for the promotion of day care in the Transparency Portal of the Municipality of Curitiba, in previous years the data were practically non-existent. We sought to find out whether in Curitiba there is a coexistence of old and new private subjects in the practice of public-private partnership for the provision of day care. The former remaining subjects can be characterized as religious or uncategorized institutions, which still exert influence today, through the practice of establishing a public-private partnership to promote daycare provision. The new subjects would be characterized by institutions with the purpose of profit. The study is of a qualitative nature and was guided by documentary research, through contracts signed by the Municipality of Curitiba and by the deliberation of Law No. In order to understand the relationship that exists through the partnership between the municipal federated entity and the contracted institutions, a semi-structured interview was carried out with a director of a Child Education Center, which works in the promotion of day care. The survey also had nine responses to the questionnaire sent to the 72 early childhood education units contracted by the City of Curitiba. It is concluded that, in the city of Curitiba, there is a presence of former subjects in the provision of daycare, being religious institutions and those called uncategorized - these were predominant in the contracted persons referring to the year 2015. And the new subjects were revealed. from the 2019 accreditation notice, which were configured as for-profit private entities. In which these, they appeared significantly in the 2019 contracts, and began to act alongside religious and non-categorized entities

O processo de privatização na oferta da creche em Curitiba (2015-2021): implicações para o financiamento e a democratização da educação pública

The article analyzes the privatization of day care in the city of Curitiba, in relation to the private sector and the consequences for the financing and democratization of this stage of basic education. The public-private relationship is presented as part of a historical process of correlation of social forces and that will be determinant for the promotion of educational policies. The study is divided into three parts. Beginning with a historical retrospective, from the end of the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985) until the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, it identifies, from the 1990s, the adoption of neoliberalism and the Third Way, the redefinition of the policies of democratization of education in Brazil. Then, we characterized the private subjects that act in the promotion of daycare in Curitiba through the sale of vacancies to the municipal government, a process we call privatization. We delimited the period from 2015 to 2021, considering the availability of data in the Transparency Portal. We tried to investigate how the coexistence of the old and the new private subjects for the provision of day care takes place. The old private subjects are religious and charitable institutions, which still exert influence today through the practice of concluding contracts for the promotion of daycare supply. The methodological procedures consisted of bibliographic and documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. As a result, it is stated that the public-private relationship in day care is deepened and strengthened with the structure of the public sector, being the result of the historical logic of appropriation of the public sphere by the hegemonic private sectors, reflecting the notion of the public as a privileged space for the maintenance of privileges and distancing from the real needs of the population.El artículo analiza la privatización de las guarderías en la ciudad de Curitiba, en relación con la actuación de la esfera privada y las consecuencias para la financiación y la democratización de esta etapa de la educación básica. La relación público-privada se presentará como parte de un proceso histórico de correlación de fuerzas sociales y que será determinante para la promoción de políticas educativas. El estudio se estructura en tres partes. A partir de una retrospectiva histórica, desde el fin de la dictadura cívico-militar (1964-1985) hasta la promulgación de la Constitución Federal de 1988, se identifica, a partir de la década de 1990, la adopción del Neoliberalismo y de la Tercera Vía, la redefinición de las políticas de democratización de la educación en Brasil. Entonces, se caracterizó a los sujetos privados que actúan en la promoción de guarderías en Curitiba a través de la venta de vacantes al poder público municipal, un proceso que llamamos privatización. Delimitamos el periodo temporal de 2015 a 2021, teniendo en cuenta la disponibilidad de datos en el Portal de Transparencia. Intentamos investigar cómo se produce la coexistencia de los antiguos y los nuevos sujetos privados para la oferta de guarderías. Los antiguos sujetos privados son las instituciones religiosas y asistenciales, que aún hoy ejercen influencia, mediante la práctica de establecer contratos para la promoción de la oferta de guarderías. Los procedimientos metodológicos correspondieron al análisis bibliográfico y documental y a entrevistas semiestructuradas. Como resultado, se afirmar que la relación público-privado en la oferta de guarderías se profundiza y fortalece a medida que se estructura el sector público, resultado de la lógica histórica de apropiación de la esfera pública por los sectores privados hegemónicos, reflejando la noción de lo público como espacio privilegiado para el mantenimiento de privilegios y distanciamiento de las necesidades reales de la población.Este artigo analisa a privatização da oferta da creche no Município de Curitiba, relacionando a atuação da esfera privada e as consequências para o financiamento e a democratização dessa etapa da educação básica. Será apresentada a relação público-privada como parte de um processo histórico de correlação de forças sociais e que será determinante para o fomento das políticas educacionais. O estudo está estruturado em três partes. A partir de um retrospecto histórico, do final da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985) até a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, identifica-se, a partir dos anos de 1990, a adoção do Neoliberalismo e da Terceira Via, a redefinição das políticas de democratização da educação no Brasil. Após, foram caracterizados os sujeitos privados que atuam na promoção da creche por meio da parceria público-privada em Curitiba, entre 2015 e 2021. Buscou-se averiguar como ocorre a coexistência dos antigos e dos novos sujeitos privados para a oferta da creche. Os antigos sujeitos privados são instituições religiosas e assistenciais, que ainda hoje exercem influência, pela prática de estabelecimento de parceria público-privada para a promoção da oferta da creche. A metodologia foi a análise bibliográfica, documental e a realização de entrevistas do tipo semiestruturada. Como resultado, declara-se que a relação público-privada na oferta da creche se fortalece, na medida em que o setor público se estrutura, sendo resultado da lógica histórica de apropriação da esfera pública pelos setores privados hegemônicos, refletindo a noção do público, como um espaço privilegiado para a manutenção dos privilégios e de distanciamento das reais necessidades da população

Effects and moderators of psychosocial interventions on quality of life, and emotional and social function in patients with cancer: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 22 RCTs

© 2018 The Authors. Psycho-Oncology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Objective: This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial interventions (PSI) on quality of life (QoL), emotional function (EF), and social function (SF) in patients with cancer, and to study moderator effects of demographic, clinical, personal, and intervention-related characteristics. Methods: Relevant studies were identified via literature searches in 4 databases. We pooled IPD from 22 (n = 4217) of 61 eligible randomized controlled trials. Linear mixed-effect model analyses were used to study intervention effects on the post-intervention values of QoL, EF, and SF (z-scores), adjusting for baseline values, age, and cancer type. We studied moderator effects by testing interactions with the intervention for demographic, clinical, personal, and intervention-related characteristics, and conducted subsequent stratified analyses for significant moderator variables.Results: PSI significantly improved QoL (β = 0.14,95%CI = 0.06;0.21), EF (β = 0.13,95%CI = 0.05;0.20), and SF (β = 0.10,95%CI = 0.03;0.18). Significant differences in effects of different types of PSI were found, with largest effects of psychotherapy. The effects of coping skills training were moderated by age, treatment type, and targeted interventions. Effects of psychotherapy on EF may be moderated by cancer type, but these analyses were based on 2 randomized controlled trials with small sample sizes of some cancer types. Conclusions: PSI significantly improved QoL, EF, and SF, with small overall effects. However, the effects differed by several demographic, clinical, personal, and intervention-related characteristics. Our study highlights the beneficial effects of coping skills training in patients treated with chemotherapy, the importance of targeted interventions, and the need of developing interventions tailored to the specific needs of elderly patients

Moderators of the effect of psychosocial interventions on fatigue in women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer:Individual patient data meta-analyses

Objective Psychosocial interventions can reduce cancer-related fatigue effectively. However, it is still unclear if intervention effects differ across subgroups of patients. These meta-analyses aimed at evaluating moderator effects of (a) sociodemographic characteristics, (b) clinical characteristics, (c) baseline levels of fatigue and other symptoms, and (d) intervention-related characteristics on the effect of psychosocial interventions on cancer-related fatigue in patients with non-metastatic breast and prostate cancer. Methods Data were retrieved from the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) consortium. Potential moderators were studied with meta-analyses of pooled individual patient data from 14 randomized controlled trials through linear mixed-effects models with interaction tests. The analyses were conducted separately in patients with breast (n = 1091) and prostate cancer (n = 1008). Results Statistically significant, small overall effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue were found (breast cancer: beta = -0.19 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -0.30; -0.08]; prostate cancer: beta = -0.11 [95%CI = -0.21; -0.00]). In both patient groups, intervention effects did not differ significantly by sociodemographic or clinical characteristics, nor by baseline levels of fatigue or pain. For intervention-related moderators (only tested among women with breast cancer), statistically significant larger effects were found for cognitive behavioral therapy as intervention strategy (beta = -0.27 [95%CI = -0.40; -0.15]), fatigue-specific interventions (beta = -0.48 [95%CI = -0.79; -0.18]), and interventions that only targeted patients with clinically relevant fatigue (beta = -0.85 [95%CI = -1.40; -0.30]). Conclusions Our findings did not provide evidence that any selected demographic or clinical characteristic, or baseline levels of fatigue or pain, moderated effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue. A specific focus on decreasing fatigue seems beneficial for patients with breast cancer with clinically relevant fatigue

Getting the Grip on Nonspecific Treatment Effects: Emesis in Patients Randomized to Acupuncture or Sham Compared to Patients Receiving Standard Care

Background: It is not known whether or not delivering acupuncture triggers mechanisms cited as placebo and if acupuncture or sham reduces radiotherapy-induced emesis more than standard care. Methodology/Principal Findings: Cancer patients receiving radiotherapy over abdominal/pelvic regions were randomized to verum (penetrating) acupuncture (n = 109; 99 provided data) in the alleged antiemetic acupuncture point PC6 or sham acupuncture (n = 106; 101 provided data) performed with a telescopic non-penetrating needle at a sham point 2-3 times/week during the whole radiotherapy period. The acupuncture cohort was compared to a reference cohort receiving standard care (n = 62; 62 provided data). The occurrence of emesis in each group was compared after a mean dose of 27 Gray. Nausea and vomiting were experienced during the preceding week by 37 and 8% in the verum acupuncture group, 38 and 7% in the sham acupuncture group and 63 and 15% in the standard care group, respectively. The lower occurrence of nausea in the acupuncture cohort (verum and sham) compared to patients receiving standard care (37% versus 63%, relative risk (RR) 0.6, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.5-0.8) was also true after adjustment for potential confounding factors for nausea (RR 0.8, CI 0.6 to 0.9). Nausea intensity was lower in the acupuncture cohort (78% no nausea, 13% a little, 8% moderate, 1% much) compared to the standard care cohort (52% no nausea, 32% a little, 15% moderate, 2% much) (p = 0.002). The acupuncture cohort expected antiemetic effects from their treatment (95%). Patients who expected nausea had increased risk for nausea compared to patients who expected low risk for nausea (RR 1.6; Cl 1.2-2.4). Conclusions/Significance: Patients treated with verum or sham acupuncture experienced less nausea and vomiting compared to patients receiving standard care, possibly through a general care effect or due to the high level of patient expectancy.Original Publication:Anna Enblom, Mats Lekander, Mats Hammar, Anna Johnsson, Erik Onelov, Martin Ingvar, Gunnar Steineck and Sussanne Börjeson, Getting the Grip on Nonspecific Treatment Effects: Emesis in Patients Randomized to Acupuncture or Sham Compared to Patients Receiving Standard Care, 2011, PLOS ONE, (6), 3, .http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014766Licensee: Public Library of Science (PLoS)http://www.plos.org

Health-related quality of life and distress in cancer patients: results from a large randomised study

To compare the effectiveness of individual support, group rehabilitation and a combination of the two in improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological well-being in cancer patients during 24 months after diagnosis, as compared with standard care (SC). Furthermore, to compare the study sample and a random sample of the Swedish population with regard to HRQOL. A total of 481 consecutive patients, newly diagnosed with cancer, were randomly assigned to one of the four alternatives. Data on HRQOL and psychological well-being were collected at baseline and after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The interventions did not improve HRQOL or psychological well-being, as compared with SC. At 3 months, the study sample reported an HRQOL comparable with the normal population. Many cancer patients are able to manage their cancer-related concerns with the support available from SC. However, it is reasonable to assume that the findings suffer from a lack of data from especially vulnerable patients and a possible Hawthorne effect. It cannot be concluded that cancer patients have no need for additional psychosocial interventions. Future projects should include screening and target interventions for those at risk for significant and prolonged psychological distress

Effects and moderators of psychosocial interventions on quality of life, and emotional and social function in patients with cancer : an individual patient data meta-analysis of 21 RCTs

Objective: This individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial interventions (PSI) on quality of life (QoL), emotional function (EF), and social function (SF) in patients with cancer, and to study moderator effects of demographic, clinical, personal, and intervention‐related characteristics. Methods: Relevant studies were identified via literature searches in 4 databases. We pooled IPD from 22 (n = 4217) of 61 eligible randomized controlled trials. Linear mixed‐effect model analyses were used to study intervention effects on the post‐intervention values of QoL, EF, and SF (z‐scores), adjusting for baseline values, age, and cancer type. We studied moderator effects by testing interactions with the intervention for demographic, clinical, personal, and intervention‐related characteristics, and conducted subsequent stratified analyses for significant moderator variables.Results: PSI significantly improved QoL (β = 0.14,95%CI = 0.06;0.21), EF (β = 0.13,95%CI = 0.05;0.20), and SF (β = 0.10,95%CI = 0.03;0.18). Significant differences in effects of different types of PSI were found, with largest effects of psychotherapy. The effects of coping skills training were moderated by age, treatment type, and targeted interventions. Effects of psychotherapy on EF may be moderated by cancer type, but these analyses were based on 2 randomized controlled trials with small sample sizes of some cancer types. Conclusions: PSI significantly improved QoL, EF, and SF, with small overall effects. However, the effects differed by several demographic, clinical, personal, and intervention‐related characteristics. Our study highlights the beneficial effects of coping skills training in patients treated with chemotherapy, the importance of targeted interventions, and the need of developing interventions tailored to the specific needs of elderly patients