Growth by destination: the role of trade in Africa's recent growth episode

Over the period 1990–2009, Africa has experienced a distinct and favourable reversal in its growth fortunes in stark contrast to its performance in the preceding decades, leading to a variety of hypotheses seeking to explain the phenomenon. This paper presents both cross-country and panel-data evidence on the causal factors driving the recent turnaround in Africa's growth and takes the unique approach of disaggregating the separate growth impacts of Africa's bilateral trade with: China, Europe and America. The empirical analysis presented in this paper suggests that the primary and most robust causal factors driving Africa's recent growth turnaround are private sector- and foreign direct investment. Although empirical evidence of the role of bilateral trade openness in Africa's recent growth emerges within a fixed effect estimation setting, these results are not as robust when endogeneity and other issues are fully accounted for. Among the three major bilateral partners, Africa's bilateral trade with China has been a relatively important factor spurring growth on the continent and especially so in resource-rich, oil producing and non-landlocked countries. The econometric results are not as supportive of growth-inducing effects of foreign aid. These findings emerge after applying a variety of panel data specifications to the data, including the recent fixed Effects Filtered (FEF) estimator introduced by Pesaran and Zhou (2014) and the dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, which allows for endogeneity between trade and growth

Has China displaced other Asian countries' exports?

This paper uses gravity modelling to explore whether and how the growth of China's exports is displacing exports of other Asian countries to third markets over the period 1990-2003. Chinese exports are defined both narrowly and more broadly to include exports from Hong Kong. We investigate whether the displacement effect on Asian exports differs when exports from Hong Kong and China are combined compared to the narrow case of Chinese exports only. Aggregate and disaggregated analyses are undertaken. In the latter, we explore whether the displacement effect varies across Asian countries and in trade with different types of countries. We find evidence of a displacement effect which is more pronounced in developed markets and stronger for Hong Kong and China combined. Further it is the high income Asian exporters that experienced a greater displacement effect. We also investigate whether China's development has generated any offsetting effects on its neighbours' exports to China itself and find that Chinese growth has indeed increased China's imports from the Asian countries in the sample and in particular from Japan and Korea.

Has China Displaced Other Asian Countries’Exports?

本文运用引力模型检验了1990—2003年间中国的出口增长是否以及如何替代了其他亚洲国家对第三方市场的出口。中国的出口可以狭义的界定为不包括香港的出口，也可以广义地界定为包括香港的出口。文章考查了中国狭义的出口和广义的出口对亚洲出口的替代效应是否存在差异，并做了总体及分解分析。然后，考查了不同亚洲国家及不同贸易伙伴的替代效应的不同。研究发现：在发达国家市场上以及将中国大陆与香港加总考虑时，替代效应更为显著。另外，中国对高收入国家的替代效应要更大。文章也考查了中国的发展所引起的从邻国的进口增加是否会产生抵消效应，发现：中国的经济增长确实增加了从所抽样的亚洲国家的进口，特别是从日本和韩国的进口。译者单位：辽宁工程技术大学工商管理学#中国社会科学院研究生院（125105#100836