Education for the traveller children: the impact of legislation on travellers and its effect on educational provision for traveller children with special reference to north east England

The broad aim of this study is to examine the quality of education provision for Traveller children and the factors which affect it. The twin themes of national policy and local response form the background against which the different aspects of provision are examined. The empirical studies of site and education provision take place in the North East Region of England. The Gypsies/Travellers are defined as a distinct ethnic group within British society with their own culture and lifestyle. The historical background of Gypsies is used as a base to illustrate the development of their relationship with society today. Education of Traveller children, as in fact with all children, is linked with a secure place to live. The importance of site provision for Travellers and its effect on their lifestyle is examined as is the ideological intent of site provision by Government and Local Authorities. The relevance of education for Travellers in schools is questioned as are the attitudes and expectations of teachers in schools where Travellers attend. The perception of Travellers by some teachers illustrates the need for the education of teachers, Examination of the development of education provision for Traveller children from the 19th. Century to the present day reveals the diversity and also uneven spread of such provision. This diversity, including no specific provision, is illustrated in the Study Region. During the period of this research there has been an increasing awareness of the educational needs of Traveller children and a commitment by Local Education Authorities to improve the situation. A matter for concern, however, is that some individual schools and teachers view education as a tool which will assimilate Travellers into the settled society

The maximal length of a k-separator permutation

A permutation σ ∈ S[subscript n] is a k-separator if all of its patterns of length k are distinct. Let F(k) denote the maximal length of a k-separator. Hegarty (2013) showed that k + ⌊√2k − 1⌋ − 1 ≤ F(k) ≤ k + ⌊√2k − 3⌋, and conjectured that F(k) = k + ⌊√2k − 1⌋ − 1. This paper will strengthen the upper bound to prove the conjecture for all sufficiently large k (in particular, for all k ≥ 320801).United States. Dept. of Energy. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (Grant 1062709)United States. National Security Agency (Grant H98230-11-1-0224

Explaining Adoption Patterns Of Process Standards

This thesis investigates the adoption of process standards and consists of an introduction, a literature review, two theoretical chapters, a case study, and a conclusion.;The first theoretical chapter presents a model which examines equilibrium adoption patterns. The model incorporates heterogeneous agents who repeatedly choose which process standard to adopt. The agents\u27 decisions are affected by economic processes within as well as outside, the market. In contrast to the usual results of the literature on competing standards, inefficient equilibria are far less prevalent in this model. Interestingly, small changes in parameter values can have a large impact on the characteristics of the resulting equilibria in this type of model.;Chapter four extends the model developed in the previous chapter by adding second country (or equivalently, industry). This chapter investigates the impact that adoption decisions in one country have on other countries under different levels of economic integration. It also investigates the effects that multinationals have on adoption patterns. The model predicts that adoption patterns will, in general, differ between countries when there are only local positive externalities. It also predicts that higher levels of integration between economies will increase adoption of generic standards (standards that can apply to firms in any industry or country), if the positive externalities associated with adopting it are global. The presence of multinationals increases the adoption of generic standards, as the multinationals act to economise on their adoption costs. Surprisingly, increases in the proportion of the population that are multinationals can reduce adoption of the generic standard for some ranges of parameter values.;Chapter 5 presents a case study of the adoption of process standards in the United States software industry. The theoretical results derived in Chapters 3 and 4 are used to explain the adoption patterns of software process standards. One finding of the case study is that the chaos and apparent redundancy of the many process standards co-existing in this industry serves a useful purpose. Furthermore, generic standards, such as ISO 9000, are unlikely to lead to substantial benefits from increased standardisation

The scope and purpose of town planning in Britain : The experience of the second town planning act, 1919 to 1933

The broad aim of this study is to develop a greater understanding of modern British Town Planning by examining, in depth, its operation during the 1920s and early 1930s, i. e. the period of the Second Town Planning Act. Two main themes are explored; the ideology of town planning and, the practical achievements of the activity. These are studied in their national context and in several empirical studies of events on Teesside and in Hartlepool. The ideology of town planning is seen to be dominated by the notion of consensus. This is seen as part of a wider process in British political life. Such a notion fitted into the view of town planning as a non-political, technical activity. In practice, it is demonstrated that consensus was rarely achieved and dominant landowning forces usually achieved their ends in any conflict over land-use with the aid of the Ministry of Health. The practical achievements of town planning in this period are generally portrayed as weak and of little interest. This study demonstrates that although the scope of town planning was deliberately limited it was reasonably successful in meeting its objectives. The experience of town planning by growing numbers of local authorities in the 1920s and early 1930s helped to lay the foundation of modern town planning. Without this experience it is doubtful if the accomplishments of town planning in the 1940s and 1950s would have been possible. Whilst the experience of town planning between 1919 and 1933 is seen to be much richer and more important than commonly realised the scope and purpose of the activity is seen as limited from the outset by narrow political objectives

In Search of Professional Dispositions that Yield Cultural Relevance in Primary Grade Pedagogy: A Cautionary Tale of One Kindergarten Teacher

Primary grade teachers are challenged to establish firm learning foundations for all children, yet for many teachers cultural diversity makes this a complex pedagogical challenge. It is widely assumed that the success with which teachers meet this challenge is reflected in their dispositions toward diversity, and ultimately toward culturally relevant pedagogy as a professional orientation. This article describes a multi-year study of cultural relevance in early mathematics teaching. Using the case of one kindergarten teacher who exhibited positive dispositions toward cultural relevance, the authors examine factors that seemed to work against its adoption in her pedagogy