Liberalización comercial y la creación y destrucción de empleo

This paper shows a search model to analyze the possible impact of a trade liberalization on job creation and job destruction. The model is calibrated to calculate the possible impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement on the Mexican economy. The results shows that the effects of NAFTA take place in the first two years. The production and the employment have a reduction of 0.14 and 0.16 percent, respectively, while the welfare level increases in 1.07%. The job creation and job destruction increases, and therefore there exist a higher job reallocation between sectors.

Análisis del efecto económico de la aplicación de una medida de salvaguarda: el caso de la industria del triplay

This paper uses an applied general equilibrium model to analyze the eventual effect of the application of a safeguard measure to the imports of plywood panels (three-ply). Basic results suggest the following. In first place, a safeguard measure of 35% applied to the imports of plywood panels increases the domestic production of this good, but it reduces the aggregate production of the Mexican economy. In second place, the effect on the consumer welfare is negative too. As a consequence, the safeguard should be eliminated.plywood panels, safeguard, applied general equilibrium models

Dimethylformamide Reduces Cerebral Ischaemia in Diabetic Rats Hours after Its Occurrence; A New Horizon

The antioxidant properties of dimethylformamide (DMF) depend on its interference with the hydroxyl-radical-transduction pathway. Diabetes is a risk factor of cerebral ischaemia (CI), and both entities are associated with oxidative stress (OS). We evaluated DMF’s effects on CI in non-diabetic rats (NDRs) and in diabetic rats (DRs). One hour after CI, the animals were divided into two treatment groups (300 μl subcutaneous): either DMF or isotonic saline solution. Treatment effects were analysed in NDRs or DRs without CI. Eight hours after CI, a neurophysiologic score (NS) was determined; CI and OS biomarkers were measured in the ischaemic cerebral hemisphere. Infarct/oedema volumes were measured on dyed brain slices. DMF reduced infarct volume in NDRs and DRs but only improved the NS in DRs. Basal concentrations of all the biomarkers were similar in the NDRs and DRs. Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) did not change with DMF. Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with CI, and DMF only reduced it in DRs. RAGE, nitrite/nitrate and nitrotyrosine increased with CI only in DRs (all prevented by DMF). We conclude that DMF’s benefits on CI were greater in the DRs due to a higher susceptibility of diabetic animals to the OS produced by CI. The results open a new horizon in CI treatment since DMF has not been investigated before

Implementando una red san para facilitar acceso en tiempo real y seguro a los sistemas de información de la oficina de comunicaciones estratégicas policía nacional

Las redes SAN son redes secundarias dedicadas exclusivamente al almacenamiento de datos que incluyen componentes estándar como servidores, multiplexores (MUX), puentes y dispositivos de almacenamiento (por ejemplo, cintas o arrays de disco). Cada servidor de la red principal se conecta a la red SAN mediante una conexión SCSI o de canal de fibra, de forma que todos ellos gozan de acceso de alta velocidad a los dispositivos de almacenamiento. Los servidores de la red tratan al espacio que se les ha asignado en la red SAN como si fuera un disco conectado directamente al servidor, y la red SAN utiliza el mismo protocolo de comunicación que emplea la mayoría de los servidores para comunicarse con sus discos respectivos. El modelo SAN agrupa a varios dispositivos de almacenamiento formando una red a la que todos los servidores de la red LAN se encuentran conectados. La información se almacena en la red SAN, por lo que, a diferencia del modelo NAS, los clientes tienen que solicitar los archivos a los servidores para que éstos se los suministren.SAN are networks devoted exclusively to secondary data storage that includes standard components such as servers, multiplexers (MUX), bridges and storage devices (such as tape or disk arrays). Each main network server connects to the SAN via a SCSI or Fiber Channel, so that they all enjoy high-speed access to storage devices. Network servers treat the space allocated to them on the SAN as if it were a disk attached directly to the server, and the SAN uses the same communication protocol used by most of the servers to communicate with their respective albums. The SAN model groups several storage devices into a network to which all LAN servers are connected. The information is stored on the SAN, so that, unlike NAS model, customers have to request files to servers so that they are supplying them

Richness and Abundance of Soil Seed Bank in Different Agroecosystems in Central Veracruz, Mexico

The soil seed bank is key to plant succession. However, agricultural activities have had a great impact on the vegetation and its composition. The aim was to determine the soil seed bank in different grazing agroecosystems in the central part of Veracruz state, Mexico. Richness, abundance, diversity, equity, dominance and similarity of the species were quantified and compared among four agroecosystems (silvopastoral, pasture-trees, traditional grazing, and Acahual or secondary vegetation) in Veracruz, Mexico during the year 2017. Samples were collected. of soil at two depths (0-5, > 5-10 cm). A statistical difference was found in the seed bank (P 0.05). Similarity was greater than 50% at all sites and increased with soil depth. The evidence suggests that the greatest diversity of the seed bank was in silvopastoral from 0 to 5 cm deep. The seed bank has potential for the restoration of vegetation, mainly herbaceous, and can promote the development of shrubs and trees, despite the management of cattle ranching sites

Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Secondary to Multiple β cell Adenomas in a Boxer Bitch

Background: The most frequent pancreatic tumours are derived from insulin-secreting β cells, commonly called insulinomas; these are characterised by high insulin secretion causing hypoglycaemia and clinical signs such as seizures, tremors, weakness, and polyphagia, among others. In dogs, this tumour represents 30 is indicative of insulinoma. Unfortunately, the specificity of the amended insulin:glucose ratio is poor. In the past, there has been confusion with respect to their biological nature, because, based on histological and electron microscopic evaluations, 60% of these neoplasms are carcinomas and 40% are adenomas. Nevertheless, these claims were not substantiated and most insulinomas are currently considered to be malignant (carcinomas). The objective of this paper was to present a rare case of a Boxer dog that had three β cell tumours of the pancreas, which produced hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia. Although this is not a malignant tumour, we demonstrated, as described in the literature, that regardless of the histopathological classification, insulin-producing tumours have a poor prognosis in dogs

Stability and mechanical evaluation of bovine pericardium cross-linked with polyurethane prepolymer in aqueous medium

The present study investigates the potential use of non-catalyzed water-soluble blocked polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) as a bifunctional cross-linker for collagenous scaffolds. The effect of concentration (5, 10, 15 and 20%), time (4, 6, 12 and 24 h), medium volume (50, 100, 200 and 300%) and pH (7.4, 8.2, 9 and 10) over stability, microstructure and tensile mechanical behavior of acellular pericardial matrix was studied. The cross-linking index increased up to 81% while the denaturation temperature increased up to 12 °C after PUP crosslinking. PUP-treated scaffold resisted the collagenase degradation (0.167 ± 0.14 mmol/g of liberated amine groups vs. 598 ± 60 mmol/g for non-cross-linked matrix). The collagen fiber network was coated with PUP while viscoelastic properties were altered after cross-linking. The treatment of the pericardial scaffold with PUP allows (i) different densities of cross-linking depending of the process parameters and (ii) tensile properties similar to glutaraldehyde method

Design Of A Minicomputer Separator Of Urban Solid Waste (RSU)

In Mexico, the society in general lacks the habit and ethics of properly disposing garbage or in taking care of the environment. This paper focuses on analyzing and disposing garbage in an automated way. The present study also seeks to create and promote care for the planet. The minicomputer (GreenScanProcess) is an automated system whose process is based on an algorithm that stands out for its functionality. GreenScanProcess has sensors that allow the analysis and scanning of garbage. It also measures the weight and humidity of the garbage. The minicomputer also examines the garbage to know its composition. Likewise, GreenScanProcess takes the garbage to the container according to the garbage. The benefits obtained when conducting the research were: environmental, economic, technological, and educational

Semi-quantitative risk assessment of marine mammal oil exposure: A case study in the western Gulf of Mexico

Marine mammals are highly vulnerable to oil spills, although the effects at both individual and population levels are not fully understood. A first approximation to evaluate the possible consequences of oil spills on marine life is using ecological risk assessments, which are analytical tools used to assess the likelihood of adverse environmental effects due to exposure to stressors derived from human activities. We developed a semi-quantitative framework to evaluate the risk of oil spill exposure on marine mammals that combines the likelihood of exposure based on species-specific biological and ecological traits, and the feasibility of encounter, which considers not only the overlap between the distribution of the species and the total affected area by a spill but also considers the distribution of spilled oil within this area, thus reducing the uncertainty in the estimate. We applied our framework to assess the risk of exposure of eight cetaceans to scenarios of large heavy oil (API gravity<22) spills originating from three hypothetical deep-water wells in the western Gulf of Mexico. High habitat suitability areas obtained using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling approach were used as a proxy for the geographic regions where each species is likely to be distributed, and oil spill scenarios were generated using numerical models incorporating transport, dispersion, and oil degradation. The analysis allowed identifying those species for which there is a significant risk of exposure in each spill scenario. However, our results suggest that the risk does not appear to be high for any species under any scenario. The information generated by our risk assessment is key to developing management plans in those areas of the Gulf of Mexico where deep-water activities of the hydrocarbon industry are currently being developed or planned