Impact experiments in support of “Lithopanspermia”: The route from Mars to Earth

Shock recovery experiments on a Martian analogue rock (gabbro) loaded with three types of microorganisms reveal that these organisms survive the impact and ejection phase on Mars at shock pressures up to about 50 GPa with exponentially decreasing survival rates

THE INFLUENCE OF COMORBID ENDEMIC GOITER ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY

The impairment of adaptive mechanisms of functional systems of the body plays an important role in the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. This impairment is caused by unfavorable ecological and radiation conditions, external stress factors, food containing carcinogens, macro - and microelements deficiency. Technogenic environmental pollution contributes to decrease in the level of iodine in the body and more severe course of thyroid pathology. Diseases of the digestive and endocrine systems and their combination will occupy one of the leading places among the existing pathologies according to the forecasts of WHO experts in the XXI century. Adaptation of the body to various environmental influences is the most important factor in the quality of life. The relevance of the study was determined by the high incidence of psychological disadaptation, borderline personality disorders and, as a consequence, decrease in the quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal pathology and hypothyroidism. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of the quality of life indications of patients with gastric ulcer and / or gastroesophageal reflux disease in combination with hypothyroidism. The Russian-language analogue of the international questionnaire SF36 was used to analyze the indicatoions of patients\u27 quality of life. The results of the study will allow to formulate the diagnosis exactly and organize adequate, comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment

PSYCHOSOMATICS IN EATING DISORDERS

Background: To study the psychosomatic options and dynamics in patients with eating disorders. To conduct a comparative study of psychosomatic characteristics of surveyed patients with eating disorders, taking into account the duration and severity of protein-energy deficiency and levels of catecholamines excretion; to reveal features of mental working capacity, basic mental processes and EEG data at different stages of eating disorders; to develop scientifically based effective methods and means for correcting pathological changes that have arisen as a result of prolonged protein-energy deficiency in eating disorders. Methods: Catamnestic, statistical, clinico-psychopathological with somatic, psychological and laboratory examination, anthropometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, electroencephalography. Statistical analysis of collected data was processed using the program IBM SPSS Statistics 22, the confidence level p-.001. Results: The long-term consequences of prolonged fasting in 500 women with eating disorders (ED), who applied for help at the RUDN department and were examined in 1987-2013, were studied. The most common somatic complications of prolonged proteinenergy deficiency were investigated. In addition to the clinical method and anthropometry, to measure the efficiency of weight gain after prolonged alimentary deficiencies and to treat anorexia nervosa patients the pathopsychological method of "Shabalina\u27s complex decoding" and analysis of catecholamine excretion rates in urine of patients with anorexia at different stages of therapy were used. Improvement of mental performance and general condition of the examined after applying the developed treatment was observed. Scientifically based principles of therapy, allowing to avoid complications of long-term fasting and during weight gain were suggested

A large meteoritic event over Antarctica ca. 430 ka ago inferred from chondritic spherules from the Sør Rondane Mountains

Large airbursts, the most frequent hazardous impact events, are estimated to occur orders of magnitude more frequently than crater-forming impacts. However, finding traces of these events is impeded by the difficulty of identifying them in the recent geological record. Here, we describe condensation spherules found on top of Walnumfjellet in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Antarctica. Affinities with similar spherules found in EPICA Dome C and Dome Fuji ice cores suggest that these particles were produced during a single-asteroid impact ca. 430 thousand years (ka) ago. The lack of a confirmed crater on the Antarctic ice sheet and geochemical and 18O-poor oxygen isotope signatures allow us to hypothesize that the impact particles result from a touchdown event, in which a projectile vapor jet interacts with the Antarctic ice sheet. Numerical models support a touchdown scenario. This study has implications for the identification and inventory of large cosmic events on Earth

Nanоbiocomposite based on dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan in the form of a gel for external use as a means for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency in an experiment

Background. Due to the high prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency among the population, with a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their early disability, there is a need to develop modern effective and safe means for the prevention and treatment of this pathology. We have developed the optimal composition and technology of a gel for external use based on a nanobiocomposite of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan, which has a venoprotective effect. The article presents data on the results of a preclinical study of the safety and specific activity of the gel.The aim. To study the specific activity (decongestant, antitranssudative action) and safety of a gel for external use based on nanobiocomposite of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency in the framework of preclinical studies.Materials and methods. The object of the study was a gel for external use based on dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan nanobiocomposite. The study was conducted on 32 white male rats of the same age, for 15 days. The study of the pharmacological activity of a gel based on a nanobiocomposite of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan, was carried out on a model of acute venous stagnation in the tail of a rat (edema of non-inflammatory genesis), the dynamics of tail volume growth in the experimental and control group of animals was evaluated. The irritant effect of the gel on the skin of animals was also determined, the permeability of the capillaries of the skin was determined.Results. When studying the pharmacological activity of the gel on a model of acute venous stagnation in the tail, it was shown that a soft dosage form for external use developed on the basis of nanobiocomposite of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan has decongestant and antitranssudative activity. The presence of a locally irritating effect in the gel under study has not been established in the framework of the experiment.Conclusion. In the course of preclinical study of the gel of the nanobiocomposite dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan on laboratory animals, its antitranssudative activity and safety have been proven

A Sawtooth-like Timeline for the First Billion Year of Lunar Bombardment

We revisit the early evolution of the Moon's bombardment. Our work combines modeling (based on plausible projectile sources and their dynamical decay rates) with constraints from the lunar crater record, radiometric ages of the youngest lunar basins, and the abundance of highly siderophile elements in the lunar crust and mantle. We deduce that the evolution of the impact flux did not decline exponentially over the first billion years of lunar history, but also there was no prominent and "narrow" impact spike some 3.9 Gy ago, unlike that typically envisioned in the lunar cataclysm scenario. Instead, we show the timeline of the lunar bombardment has a sawtooth-like profile, with an uptick in the impact flux near 4.1 Gy ago. The impact flux at the beginning of this weaker cataclysm was 5-10 times higher than the immediately preceding period. The Nectaris basin should have been one of the first basins formed at the sawtooth. We predict the bombardment rate since about 4.1Gy ago declined slowly and adhered relatively close to classic crater chronology models (Neukum and Ivanov (1994)). Overall we expect that the sawtooth event accounted for about 1/4 of the total bombardment suffered by the Moon since its formation. Consequently, considering that about 12-14 basins formed during the sawtooth event, we expect that the net number of basins formed on the Moon was about 45-50. From our expected bombardment timeline, we derived a new and improved lunar chronology suitable for use on Pre-Nectarian surface units. According to this chronology, a significant portion of the oldest lunar cratered terrains has an age of 4.38-4.42 Gyr. Moreover, the largest lunar basin, South Pole Aitken, is older than 4.3Gy, and therefore was not produced during the lunar cataclysm.Comment: In press in EPS

Global variation of body‐wave attenuation in the upper mantle from teleseismic P wave and S wave spectra

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95463/1/grl27917.pd

Проксимальная спинальная мышечная атрофия 5q в Республике Северная Осетия – Алания: популяционно-генетические особенности, проблемы диагностики и перспективы лечения

This study presents the structure and population data of spinal muscular atrophy 5q in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The number of newborns for the period 2000–2020 was 195 954, and the prevalence of spinal muscular atrophy 5q among newborns was 1:24 494, or 4.08 per 100.000. That corresponds to data on other populations of the Russian Federation and the world. We also describe intermediate results of the clinical efficacy of treatment of three spinal muscular atrophy 5q patients. Gene replacement therapy was used in two cases and combined pathogenetic and gene replacement therapy was used in the third case. No clinically significant decrease in the CHOP INTEND score from the baseline level was found in any patient during follow‑up. Clinical improvement was noted both during treatment with nusinersen and after administration of onasemnogene abeparvovec. Described clinical cases demonstrate the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of antisense oligonucleotide and/or gene replacement therapy, which is possible only when spinal muscular atrophy 5q is included in the neonatal screening program.Представлен анализ структуры спинальной мышечной атрофии 5q в Республике Северная Осетия – Алания, описаны молекулярно‑генетические и популяционные характеристики данной патологии в регионе. Число новорожденных за период 2000–2020 гг. составило 195 954 ребенка, распространенность спинальной мышечной атрофии 5q составила 1:24 494, или 4,08 на 100 тыс. новорожденных, что несколько ниже, чем в других популяциях РФ и мира. Приводятся примеры промежуточной оценки эффективности лечения 3 пациентов. В 2 случаях применялась генозаместительная терапия, а в 3‑м – комбинированная патогенетическая и генозаместительная терапия. Ни у одного пациента при наблюдении в динамике не было зарегистрировано клинически значимого уменьшения оценки по шкале CHOP INTEND относительно исходного уровня. Положительный терапевтический эффект отмечен как на фоне лечения нусинерсеном, так и после введения онасемноген абепарвовека. Приведенные клинические наблюдения демонстрируют необходимость раннего выявления и начала лечения антисмысловыми олигонуклеотидами и/или генозаместительной терапии, что возможно только при включении спинальной мышечной атрофии 5q в программу неонатального скрининга