A Tale of Two States: Analyzing the State of Higher Education in Kerala and Karnataka

In India, over 32 crore active learners have been affected by the closure of educational institutions across the country. There are a lot of obstacles such as accessibility, pedagogy and curriculum, infrastructure, and capabilities that can affect the transformation process. However, there is a positive side to digital learning such as increased efficiency, and scope of mass scale-up of operations. Every state in India faces unique challenges and a single policy representing the entire country’s higher education system is unviable. The authors attempt to analyze the state of higher education in the state of Kerala and Karnataka based on four parameters, namely, accessibility, quality, privatization, and digital infrastructure. The last parameter being prime and obvious because pandemic is the inflection point for e-learning and digital infrastructure plays an important role. The research was conducted through an in-detailed literature review of research papers, policy documents, news articles, and government reports. Keywords: higher education, quality, digital literacy, digital, e-learning DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-10-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Tuberculoma of the Tongue Presenting as Hemimacroglossia

The underdiagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis lesions, along with an emerging global resistance to antitubercular drugs, warrants an increased awareness of the involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in atypical lesions of oral cavity. Tongue is the most common site of oral tuberculosis. We report a rare presentation of lingual tuberculosis in a 65-year-old male, a chronic tobacco chewer, who came to us with swelling of the tongue which apparently looked like hemimacroglossia, leading to the clinical diagnosis of submucosal carcinoma of tongue. Enlargement of tongue is a slow process resulting from gradual invasion and lodging of bacilli in the tongue. Biopsy and histopathological examination revealed tuberculous etiology of the lesion and the patient responded well to antitubercular therapy