Outurela I and Outurela II, two small Iron Age settlements north of the Tagus estuary (Oeiras council)

Outurela I and II are to two small Iron Age settlements, located in low altitudes, separated by only 500 m, apparently focused in agricultural and husbandry activities. The archaeological fieldwork that took place during the 80´s allowed the recovery of a significant set of artifacts, mostly ceramics. The thorough study of these materials and its comparative analyses with data available from other sites in the Tagus estuary, enable us to verify a strong connection among them (both with similar low altitude sites and with main riverside settlements as, for example, Lisbon). The existence of a considerable dense settlement network during the 5th and 4th centuries BC becomes evident, even if its origin may be related by links of either cooperation or subordination. On the other hand, the available data seems to indicate a relative antiquity of Outurela II in view of Outurela I, even if its contemporaneity is clear during the 5th century BC

Reliability of the four series 15-second vertical jumping test

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to check the reliability of the vertical jumping test and re-test in four series of the 15-seconds test (IVJT). METHOD: Eighteen male volunteer athletes participated in this study, and they were divided as follows: eleven handball players (25.74 ± 4.71 years; 85.84 ± 7.63 kg; 182.14 ± 3.46 cm), and seven basketball players (18.60 ± 0.77 years; 83.82 ± 10.02 kg; 188.14 ± 5.76 cm). The assessed variables for the test and re-test were: power peak (PP), mean power (MP), and fatigue index (FI). The performances attained by them in these variables were measured through the vertical jumping test in four series of the 15-seconds test with 10 seconds recovery between series. The statistical treatment was performed through the descriptive technique and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The results have shown a high ICC in the repeated measurements performed in different days for every variable: PP (r = 0.992; p = 0.0360); MP (r = 0.993; p = 0.0107); and FI (r = 0.981; p = 0.0556). Added to this, it was found high correlation coefficients between the test and re-test as to the quality indicators in the measurements of the vertical jumping technique with counter-movement without the help of the upper limbs (CMJ) (r = 0.991; p = 0.0800), for the amount of jumps together with a 15 and 60 seconds work (AVJ15s, r = 0.936; p = 0.0062, and AVJ60s, r = 0.978; p = 0.0139) and in the jumped height, in a 15 and 60 seconds work (VJ15s, r = 0.993; p = 0.0467, and VJ60s, r = 0.988; p = 0.0014). CONCLUSION: The data analysis pointed out the existence of a reliable measurement of the IVJT when assessing the explosive strength resistance through the MP and FI variables.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a confiabilidade do teste e reteste do teste salto vertical com quatro séries de 15 segundos (TSVI). MÉTODO: Dezoito atletas do sexo masculino, divididos em 11 handebolistas (25,74 ± 4,71 anos; 85,84 ± 7,63kg; 182,14 ± 3,46cm) e sete basquetebolistas (18,60 ± 0,77 anos; 83,32 ± 10,02kg; 188,14 ± 5,76cm) foram os voluntários desse estudo. As variáveis estudadas para o teste e reteste foram o pico de potência (PP), potência média (PM), índice de fadiga (IF). Os desempenhos dessas variáveis foram mensurados através do teste de salto vertical com quatro séries de 15 segundos com 10 segundos de recuperação entre as séries. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado através da técnica descritiva e do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram um alto CCI nas medidas repetidas em dias diferentes para todas as variáveis: PP (R = 0,992; p = 0,0360); PM (R = 0,993; p = 0,0107) e IF (R = 0,981; p = 0,0556); além disso, indicaram altos coeficientes de correlações entre teste e reteste para os indicadores de qualidade nas medidas da técnica de salto vertical com contramovimento sem auxílio dos membros superiores (CMJ) (R = 0,991; p = 0,0800), nos números de saltos em um trabalho de 15 e 60 segundos (NSV15s, R = 0,936; p = 0,0062 e NSV60s, R = 0,978; p = 0,0139) e na altura saltada, em um trabalho de 15 e 60 segundos (SV15s, R = 0,993; p = 0,0467; e SV60s, R = 0,988; p = 0,0014). CONCLUSÃO: A análise dos dados aponta para a existência de uma medida confiável do TSVI na estimativa da resistência de força explosiva através das variáveis PM e IF.OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio era verificar la fiabilidad de la prueba y retesteo de la prueba el salto vertical con cuatro series de 15 segundos (TSVI). MÉTODO: Dieciocho atletas varones, divididos en once handbolistas (25,74 ± 4,71 años; 85,84 ± 7,63 kg; 182,14 ± 3,46 centímetros) y siete basquetbolistas (18,60 ± 0,77 años; 83,32 ± 10,02 kg; 188,14 ± 5,76 centímetros) todos voluntarios de ese estudio. VARIABLES: Se estudiaron para la prueba y los retesteos de pico de potencia (PP), la potencia (PM), el índice de fatiga (SI). Las acciones de los primeros variaron de moderado a través de la prueba de salto vertical con cuatro series de 15 segundos con 10 segundos de recuperación entre cada serie. El tratamiento estadístico fue cumplido a través de la técnica descriptiva, y del coeficiente de intra-clase de la correlación (CCI). RESULTADOS: Los resultados demostraron una CCI alta en las medidas repetidas en días diferentes para todas las variables: PP (R = 0,992; el p = 0,0360); PM (R = 0,993; el p = 0,0107) y SI (R = 0,981; el p = 0,0556); además, ellos indicaron coeficientes altos de correlaciones entre la prueba y retesteo para los indicadores de calidad en las medidas de la técnica de salto vertical CMJ (R = 0,991; el p = 0,0800), en los números de saltos en un trabajo de 15 y 60 segundos (NSV15s, R = 0,936; el p = 0,0062 y NSV60s, R = 0,978; el p = 0,0139) y en la altura saltada, en un trabajo de 15 y 60 segundos (SV15s, R = 0,993; el p = 0,0467; y SV60s, R = 0,988; el p = 0,0014). CONCLUSIONES: El análisis de los datos aponta para la existencia de una medida fiable de TSVI en la estimación de la resistencia de fuerza explosiva a través de las variables PM y SI.959

Test of effort in obese boys and adolescents: proposal for classification by maturity

With increasing of obesity in children and adolescents the specialized care services, for the most serious cases, become imperative. Child and Adolescent Obesity Clinic, in the Clinics Hospital/Unicamp give assistance to patients between 03 and 19 years, with BMI≥percentile 95 of the CDC curve. This assistance involves physicians, nutritionists, psychologists and physical educators. For orientation of physical activities and its follow-up an effort test is used, the go-and-come test (Course-Navette), wich was proposed by Leger and Lembert (1982-1988). Children maturity was classified according to criteria of pubescence of Tanner (1962). Subjects: 33 boys, aged between 7 and 18 years old. The values of VO2max (ml/kg/min-1) were distributed in average and Standard Deviation, by age and maturity. There is a greater result oscillation in the breakdown by age, and a further drop in the classification values by maturity in VO2max (ml/kg/min-1). These values tend to fall from the young ones to the older ones, unlike the expected. In the population studied, there is an inversion of the trend of VO2max, probably due to children’s obesity habits; the classification by maturity seems to give more reliable results; the test proved to be suitable for use in outpatient service

Mudanças do desempenho da força explosiva durante um ciclo anual em voleibolistas na puberdade

O propósito desse estudo consistiu em investigações nas mudanças no desempenho da força explosiva (FE), força explosiva elástica (FEE), força explosiva elástica reflexa (FEER) em voleibolistas durante um ciclo anual. A amostra examinada foi composta por 43 voleibolistas do sexo masculino. Os desempenhos das variáveis dependentes foram mensurados através dos testes de salto verticais com meio agachamento partindo de uma posição estática (SJ), teste de salto vertical com contra-movimento, sem a contribuição dos membros superiores (CMJ), e o teste de saltos verticais contínuos com duração de 5 segundos sem a contribuição dos joelhos e membros superiores (CJ5s). As coletas foram realizadas antes e depois dos períodos de preparação e competição, sendo as medidas feitas em tapete de contato Jump Test. Superiores desempenhos dos pos-púberes comparado aos púberes foram observados. Em púberes foram observadas significantes mudanças no ciclo anual nas variáveis do desempenho da FE e FEE apresentando aumentos, no entanto não foram encontradas mudanças significantes na FEER, mesmo que os resultados revelando aumentos de desempenho. Os pos-púberes demonstraram aumentos significantes para os desempenhos da FE, FEE e FEER. Deste modo conclui-se que as mudanças foram lineares para os púberes e não lineares para os pós-púberes

The impact of prior prostatic surgery on urinary continence in patients undergoing orthotopic ileal neobladder

OBJECTIVE: To establish if previous surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (transurethral resection of the prostate or open prostatectomy), age, and preservation of prostatic apex can influence postoperative urinary continence in patients submitted to radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 62 patients with bladder cancer who were treated with radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder between 1987 and 1998 and had been followed for at least 24 months. The average age and median follow up were 61 years and 53 months, respectively. Postoperative urinary continence was correlated with 3 factors: patient age, preservation of prostatic apex during surgical excision and prior prostatic surgery for benign disease. Patients were defined as incontinent when they had to use more than 1 protective pad at the daytime. RESULTS: The overall incidence of urinary incontinence was 12.9% (8 out of 62 patients). The only statistically significant factor that impacted upon urinary continence was previous prostatic surgery, with respectively 33% versus 7% rate of incontinence for patients previously operated on and for those without previous operation (p = 0.023 odds ratio = 6.5, 95% confidence interval). Preservation of prostatic apex did not reach difference, 12% versus 13%, for those with and without preservation, and age also did not influence the postoperative continence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Prior prostatic surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia probably can increases the risk for postcystectomy incontinence and preservation of prostate apex did not affect the continence rate. This issue deserves to be considered by the surgeon and must be discussed previously with the patients when planning an orthotopic bladder replacement.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Division of UrologyUNIFESP, EPM, Division of UrologySciEL

Construction et évolution du discours du Partido dos Trabalhadores au Brésil (1980-2006). Une approche dialogique

Cet article présente une étude de l’évolution du discours du Parti des Travailleurs (Partido dos Trabalhadores) du Brésil. Le corpus est constitué de trois genres du discours, la Charte de principes (Carta de Princípios) qui a précédé la création du parti, le Manifeste (Manifesto), discours fondateur de 1980 et les Délibérations (Deliberações) de la Treizième rencontre nationale du Parti des Travailleurs, en septembre 2006.This article accounts for the discourse of the Brazilian Labour Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) and its evolution. The corpus is made of three discursive genres : the Charter of principles (Carta de Princípios) that preceded the creation of the Party ; the Manifesto, the 1980 founding discourse ; and the Deliberations (Deliberações) of the Thirteenth National Meeting of the Party in September 2006.Este artículo presenta un estudio acerca de la evolución del discurso del Partido dos Trabalhadores de Brasil. El corpus está constituido por tres tipos de discurso, la Carta de Princípios, que precedió a la creación del Partido, el Manifesto, discurso fundador de 1980 y las Deliberações del XIIIº Encontro Nacional, de setiembre de 2006

PSA and anthropometric measurements among Amazon Indians: an evaluation of the Parkatejê community

OBJECTIVE: PSA (prostate-specific antigen) screening for early detection of prostate cancer in a native community is of great epidemiological importance. The study was conducted with the objective of verifying the occurrence of prostate cancer among members of an Amazon community, as well as its possible relationship to acculturation and overweight (body mass index). METHODS: Lifestyle and anthropometric information was collected from a group of 22 men, presumedly over age 50, members of an isolated community of 363 Amazonian Indians - self-denominated Parkatejê and Kykatêjê - from Pará state, in Northern Brazil. In addition to physical and hematological exams, total and free PSA dosages were performed. RESULTS: Total PSA serum levels ranged from 0.35 to 25.8 ng/ml. Three subjects had PSA levels greater than 4.0 ng/ml, and another two had levels between 2.5 and 4.o ng/ml. Prostate biopsies performed on two subjects indicated the presence of prostate adenocarcinoma in one of them and of intraepithelial neoplasia on the other. Overweight (BMI >25 Kg/m²) and waist-to-hip ratio >0,9 were observed in 68.1% and 72% of subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in nutritional habits caused by contact with civilization, such as the substitution of more caloric foods for the traditional game and vegetable fiber are increasing the prevalence of overweight among the community. In view of the association between prostate cancer incidence, high-fat diet, and less physical activity, it can be assumed that further cases of prostate neoplasia will occur in the future, since several community members already have high PSA serum levels.OBJETIVO: O rastreamento com o PSA (antígeno prostático específico) para detecção precoce de câncer de próstata em uma comunidade nativa tem grande importância epidemiológica. Assim, realizou-se estudo com objetivo de verificar a ocorrência do câncer da próstata em uma tribo indígena da Amazônia e uma possível relação entre o aculturamento, a presença de sobrepeso (índice de massa corporal) e o aparecimento da doença. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento dos hábitos e medidas antropométricas em 22 homens com idade presumida maior de 50 anos, de uma tribo isolada de 363 índios, autodenominados Parkatejê e Kikatêjê, vivendo na região Amazônica (Pará). Além dos exames físico e hematológicos, foram realizadas dosagens de PSA total e PSA livre. RESULTADO: Os níveis séricos de PSA total variaram de 0,35 a 25,8 ng/ml. Três nativos apresentaram PSA maior que 4,0 ng/ml e outros dois evidenciaram PSA entre 2,5 e 4,0 ng/ml. Biopsia prostática em dois nativos revelou a presença de adenocarcinoma de próstata em um e neoplasia intraepitelial em outro. Sobrepeso com índice de massa corporal >25 Kg/m² e relação cintura-quadril >0,9 foram observados em 68,1% e 72,7% do grupo estudado. CONCLUSÕES: Mudanças nutricionais decorrentes do contato com a civilização, como substituição da caça e fibras vegetais por alimentos mais calóricos, estão aumentando a freqüência de sobrepeso na comunidade indígena. Devido à associação entre incidência de câncer de próstata, dieta gordurosa e menor atividade física, pode-se presumir que o futuro testemunhará mais casos da neoplasia prostática, visto que vários de seus membros já evidenciaram altos níveis séricos de PSA.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Correlation between body mass index and body circumference in children 4 to 10 year-old

Objetivos: Correlacionar el índice de masa corporal (IMC) con las circunferencias corporales de niños brasileros de 4 a 10 años. Diseño: Estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Institución: Universidad Estatal de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Participantes: Niños de 4 a 10 años de edad. Intervenciones: Se seleccionó 517 niños de ambos sexos de manera probabilística (estratificada), siendo 256 niños y 261 niñas. Se evaluó las medidas antropométricas de peso corporal (kg), estatura (cm), IMC [IMC=peso (kg)∕estatura (m)2] y las circunferencias corporales del brazo relajado, muslo y pantorrilla media (cm). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva de media aritmética (X), desviación estándar (DE) y el coeficiente de correlación producto-momento de Pearson (r), así como para inferir el análisis de regresión múltiple stepwise paso a paso. Principales medidas de resultados: Correlación del índice de masa corporal con las circunferencias corporales. Resultados: El IMC muestra elevados coeficientes de correlación (r) con las tres circunferencias corporales. Sin embargo, cuando se aplicó la regresión estadística simple, los mejores valores fueron observados a partir de la circunferencia del brazo relajado (R2=0,74) para niñas y la pantorrilla media para niños (R2=0,70). A su vez, cuando se utilizó la regresión múltiple (brazo y pantorrilla) el nivel de explicación para las niñas aumentó a (R2=0,80) y para los niños a (R2=0,75), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las circunferencias corporales del brazo y la pantorrilla en forma individual y conjunta podrían ser utilizadas como variables independientes del IMC, puesto que este índice por sí solo no podría distinguir el sobrepeso y exceso de grasa en niños de ambos géneros de 4 a 10 años, sobre todo cuando se encuentran en fase de crecimiento y desarrollo somático.Objectives: To compare body mass index (BMI) with body circumferences in 4 to 10 year-old Brazilian children. Design: Descriptive correlational type study. Setting: Universidad Estatal de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants: Children 4 to 10 year-old. Interventions: We selected in a probabilistic (stratified) manner a total of 517 children both sexes, 256 boys and 261 girls. We evaluated anthropometric measurements of body weight (kg), height (cm), BMI [BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)2] and relaxed mean arm girth, thigh and calf (cm). For data analysis descriptive statistics were used for arithmetic mean (X), standard deviation (SD) and Pearson’s coefficient correlation product moment (r) as well as to infer step by step the stepwise multiple regression analysis. Main outcome measures: Correlation of body mass index with body circumferences. Results: BMI had high correlation coefficients (r) with the three body circumferences. However, when simple statistical regression was applied, the best values were observed with the relaxed arm circumference (R2=0.74) for girls and children half calf (R2=0.70). In turn, when multiple regression was used (arm and calf) the level of explanation for girls increased to (R2=0.80) and children (R2=0.75), respectively. Conclusions: Arm circumferences and calf individually and together could be used as independent variables of BMI, since this index alone can not distinguish between overweight and excess fat in both gender children 4-10 year-old, especially when they are in the process of growth and somatic development

Assessment of sleep disorders and proposed percentiles for adolescents

Objectives. The objectives of this study included: a) to develop a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument to assess sleep disorders among Chilean adolescent students and b) to develop percentiles for age and sex. Methodology. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in 2310 adolescent students conducted in the Maule Region, Chile. The sleep disorder self-report was developed considering five categories: duration, alterations, breathing problems, fatigue, and stimulant use. The instrument was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency. Percentiles were developed using the LMS method (L: lambda, asymmetry; M: mu, median; S: sigma, coefficient of variation). Results. Questions 3, 9, and 12 showed saturation values below 0.40, while the rest had saturation values above 0.41. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of adequacy was 0.749 and the test of sphericity X-2 was 4790.09; the percentage of variance accounted for 62.1 %. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.71 and 0.76. Conclusion. The self-report developed to measure sleep disorders in adolescents is valid and reliable for its use in health, education, and sports science programs. Percentiles should be used to identify normal patterns and/or sleep disorders by sex and age.1172738