12 research outputs found
Efavirenz-based simplification after successful early lopinavir-boosted-ritonavir-based therapy in HIV-infected children in Burkina Faso and CĂŽte dâIvoire: the MONOD ANRS 12206 non-inferiority randomised trial
Carie dentaire, gingivite et VIH pĂ©diatrique en CĂŽte dâIvoire
Lâobjectif est de dĂ©terminer la prĂ©valence des caries et des gingivites chez des enfants
ivoiriens infectĂ©s par le VIH et dâĂ©tudier leur association avec la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la maladie
et son traitement. Une étude transversale a été conduite en 2004 dans une structure de
recherche Ă Abidjan.
Parmi 83 enfants examinĂ©s, lâĂąge mĂ©dian Ă©tait de 6,8 ans, le taux de
CD4 médian de 20,1 % et 34 % étaient sous antirétroviraux; 11 % présentaient une gingivite
et 76 % des caries dont 3 traitĂ©s. LâĂąge Ă©tait le principal facteur associĂ© Ă la prĂ©sence
de caries (rapport de cÎte de prévalence ajusté [RCPA] : 1,3, intervalle de confiance [IC]
à 95 % : 1,1-1,7), alors que la gingivite était plus fréquente chez les enfants présentant
une immunosupression sévÚre (RCPA : 7,9, CI : 1,7-36,3).
DĂ©pistage des caries et
traitement de la gingivite devraient ĂȘtre recommandĂ©s chez les enfants infectĂ©s par le
VIH
An Asymptomatic, Radiographically Undetected Hepatocellular Carcinoma That Presented as a Large Retropancreatic Mass
Circadian desynchronization triggers premature cellular aging in a diurnal rodent
International audienceChronic jet lag or shift work is deleterious tohuman metabolic health, in that such circadian desynchronizationis associated with being overweight and the prevalenceof altered glucose metabolism. Similar metabolic changesare observed with age, suggesting that chronic jet lag andaccelerated cell aging are intimately related, but the associationremains to be determined.We addressed whether jet laginducesmetabolic and cell aging impairments in young grassrats (2â3mo old), using control old grass rats (12â18 mo old)as an aging reference. Desynchronized young and control oldsubjects had impaired glucose tolerance (+60 and +280%)when compared with control young animals. Despite no significantvariation in liver DNA damage, shorter telomereswere characterized, not only in old animal liver cells (218%),but also at an intermediate level in desynchronized young rats(29%). The same pattern was found for deacetylase sirtuin(SIRT)-1 (257 and229%), confirming that jet-lagged youngrats have an intermediate aging profile. Our data indicatethat an experimental circadian desynchronization in younganimals is associated with a precocious aging profile basedon 3 well-knownmarkers, as well as a prediabetic phenotype.Such chronic jet lagâinduced alterations observed in a diurnalspecies constitute proof of principle of the need todevelop preventive treatments in jet-lagged persons and shiftworkers
Universal Antiretroviral Therapy for Pregnant and BreastâFeeding HIVâ1âInfected Women: Towards the Elimination of MotherâtoâChild Transmission of HIVâ1 in ResourceâLimited Settings
Very High Concentrations of Active Intracellular Phosphorylated Emtricitabine in Neonates (ANRS 12109 Trial, Step 2)âż
Our objective was to investigate neonatal emtricitabine (FTC) plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics. The study was designed as a phase I/II prospective trial in two sequential steps evaluating the combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and FTC for the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. HIV-1-infected pregnant women received two tablets of TDF (300 mg) and FTC (200 mg) at onset of labor and then one tablet daily for 7 days postpartum. Based on the data obtained in the first part of the Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Africa and Asia (TEmAA) Study, single doses of 2 mg/kg of FTC and 13 mg/kg of TDF were given to the neonates within 12 h after birth. A total of 540 FTC plasma concentrations and 44 active intracellular phosphorylated metabolite FTC-TP concentrations were taken from the 36 enrolled women and their neonates. Concentrations were measured by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and analyzed by a population approach. The proposed dose obtained by simulations based on plasma drug concentrations was confirmed. However, median FTC-TP exposures were, respectively, 5.9 and 6.8 times higher in the fetus and the neonate than in the adult. High FTC-TP concentrations were observed in the four children who had serious adverse events (SAEs), but the link between FTC-TP concentrations and SAEs in children was not formally identified. The exposure to the active form of FTC was high in neonates despite plasma drug concentrations equivalent to those in adults. Our results are similar to those obtained with zidovudine or lamivudine