Valoración de las diferencias por género de los casos atendidos en los programas de prevención indicada del consumo de drogas

En Castilla y León los adolescentes y jóvenes con consumos problemáticos de drogas son un colectivo prioritario de intervención a través de los 11 programas psicoeducativos de prevención indicada existentes. Valorar las diferencias por género presentes en los casos atendidos, puede identificar aspectos clave para mejorar la efectividad de los programas. Hacemos un estudio epidemiológico observacional, descriptivo y transversal del perfil diferencial de los 1.632 casos de los programas de prevención indicada (periodo 2011-2017). La recogida de datos se realizó por un cuestionario de 36 ítems, se codificaron con Excel y analizaron con SPSS Versión 19, utilizando T de student y Chi-cuadrado como estadísticos de contraste (valor de significación p<0,05 e Intervalos de Confianza). El 78,4% fueron hombres. La edad media fue de 16,6 años, inferior para las mujeres (16,3 años). El 87,9% tenían nacionalidad española. Las diferencias significativas por género encontradas fueron: las chicas estudian más (85,5%) y el porcentaje de chicos ni-ni es mayor (10,5%). Las chicas muestran más absentismo (30,0%) y en la familia presentan más conflictos familiares (37,7%) y más agresividad física (31,1%); los chicos presentan adaptación familiar adecuada en mayor medida (17,7%). Las chicas muestran más aislamiento social (20,0%) y agresividad verbal y física (8,6%); los chicos muestran más conductas antisociales y predelictivas (36,1%). Las chicas acuden por consumo de alcohol (22,4%) y los chicos por cannabis (64,4%). La edad media de inicio de consumo experimental (14,02 años) y de consumo problemático (15,25 años) es inferior en las chicas. Las chicas presentan más trastornos ansioso-depresivos (22,2%) y los hombres más TDHA (67,2%). Los problemas jurídico-penales son más frecuentes en los chicos (30,1%). La duración media de la intervención es de 8,19 meses y el tipo de alta más frecuente, la voluntaria (44,5%), siendo igual para chicos y chicas. Las diferencias estadísticamente significativas encontradas se centran en la edad, en los factores de riesgo (adaptación escolar, familiar y social, trastornos mentales, problemas jurídico-penales) y en la droga de consumo problemático. Sería conveniente que se incluyeran en los programa intervenciones diferenciales en función de estos resultados.Grado en Medicin

Actividades académicamente dirigidas en asignaturas optativas de 2º ciclo de la titulación de Química, como vía para la adquisición de competencias

En esta comunicaci&oacute;n se presentan las actividades acad&eacute;micamente dirigidas realizadas para adaptar al EEES dos asignaturas optativas de 2&ordm; ciclo de la titulaci&oacute;n de Qu&iacute;mica de la UJA: &ldquo;Qu&iacute;mica Bioinorg&aacute;nica&rdquo; y &ldquo;Qu&iacute;mica Inorg&aacute;nica de los Sistemas Naturales&rdquo;. Entre ellas destacan: la utilizaci&oacute;n de la plataforma ILIAS (disponible a trav&eacute;s de la p&aacute;gina web de la UJA), actividades en equipo, exposiciones y debates, actividades relacionadas con la investigaci&oacute;n y visitas a empresas. Con estas actividades se ha planteado una ense&ntilde;anza basada en la adquisici&oacute;n de competencias por parte del alumnado, que ha pasado a tener papel mucho m&aacute;s activo en el proceso de aprendizaje

Síntesis, Caracterización y Estudio en Disolución del Ácido N-2-(4-amino-1,6-dihidro-1-metil-5-nitroso-6-oxopirimidinil)- L-Glutámico

Se ha sintetizado el ácido N-2-(4-amino-1,6-dihidro-1-metil-5-nitroso-6- oxopirimidinil)-L-glutámico (AMNGLUH3) y caracterizado mediante técnicas de análisis elemental y térmico, espectroscópicas de ir, uv-visible y RMN de 1H, 13C, y 15N. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento ácido-base en disolución acuosa mediante técnicas potenciométricas y experimentos de RMN de 1H y 13C. El trianión AMNGLU3- experimenta cuatro procesos sucesivos de protonación que corresponden al átomo de nitrógeno y grupos carboxilato del resto aminoacídico y al grupo nitroso del anillo pirimidínico

Recurrent anal fistulae: Limited surgery supported by stem cells

AIM: To study the results of stem-cell therapy under a Compassionate-use Program for patients with recurrent anal fistulae. METHODS: Under controlled circumstances, and approved by European and Spanish laws, a Compassionate-use Program allows the use of stem-cell therapy for patients with very complex anal fistulae. Candidates had previously undergone multiple surgical interventions that had failed to resolve the fistulae, and presented symptomatic recurrence. The intervention consisted of limited surgery (with closure of the internal opening), followed by local implant of stem cells in the fistula- tract wall. Autologous expanded adipose-derived stem cells were the main cell type selected for implant. The first evaluation was performed on the 8th postoperative week; outcome was classified as response or partial response. Evaluation one year after the intervention confirmed if complete healing of the fistula was achieved. RESULTS: Ten patients (8 male) with highly recurrent and complex fistulae were treated (mean age: 49 years, range: 28-76 years). Seven cases were non- Crohn’s fistulae, and three were Crohn’s-associated fistulae. Previous surgical attempts ranged from 3 to 12. Two patients presented with preoperative incontinence (Wexner scores of 12 and 13 points). After the intervention, six patients showed clinical response on the 8th postoperative week, with a complete cessation of suppuration from the fistula. Three patients presented a partial response, with an evident decrease in suppuration. A year later, six patients (60%) remained healed, with complete reepithelization of the external opening. Postoperative Wexner Scores were 0 in six cases. The two patients with previous incontinence improved their scores from 12 to 8 points and from 13 to 5 points. No adverse reactions or complications related to stem-cell therapy were reported during the study period. CONCLUSION: Stem cells are safe and useful for treating anal fistulae. Healing can be achieved in severe cases, sparing fecal incontinence risk, and improving previous scorin

Larvicide and insecticide activity of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis in the control of Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758), under laboratory conditions

Essential oils have been considered as an important alternative facing synthetic pesticides. The control of the species Musca domestica is very important for public health due to their role as vector associated with Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella, among other pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the larvicidal and insecticidal efficacy of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis, in the control of Musca domestica and its effect on the post-embryonic development of this species. The essential oil was applied topically in six concentrations to newly hatched larvae (1μL / larva). Mortality, interval length of each development period, as well as the weight of mature larvae were analyzed. An insecticidal bioassay was also carried out in adult flies. The essential oil of O. sanctum caused a slight reduction in the larval and pupal period for some of the concentrations evaluated. The time of development of the newly hatched larvae until the&nbsp;adult period was shortened in all the concentrations analyzed. The larvae of the control group were the heaviest. The effectiveness of the product in the control of the larvae of the flies of the species M. domestica was greater than 50%, except for those larvae treated with 80.25 mg/mL of the essential oil. The lethal concentration for adult insects LC50 was estimated at 9.41μg. Results demonstrated that the essential oil of O. sanctum has effect in all stages of the life cycle of M. domestica, extolling its potential as an effective insecticide against this species.&nbsp

Contents

Póser presentado en el 17th International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment (ICCE 2019) 16th and 20th of June, 2019 Thessaloniki (Greece).- Puede descargar el programa completo en https://icce2019.org/content/ICCE-2019-Conference-Programme.pdfBiochar is the solid material rich in aromatic carbon produced through the pyrolysis (heating under limited oxygen conditions) of residual biomass (De la Rosa et al., 2014). Paz-Ferreiro et al. (2014) showed that biochars can reduce the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Trace elemen t polluted soils is a worldwide concern covering 37% of the degraded soils in the European Union (EEA, 2007). The aim of this study is to produce a biochar from agricultural residues efficient in the restoration of soils contaminated with trace elements. In this study, the influence of biochar on soil enzymatic activity and plant germination were studied in two Typic Xerofluvent soils polluted with trace elements, which were sampled in an area affected by the breaching of a tailing dam occurred in 1998 (Aznalcóllar mine accident; SW Spain) with two respective levels of contamination (MPS; moderately polluted soil and HPS; highly polluted soil). Biochars used in this study were produced from four different biomasses: rice husk, pruned olive trees, olive pits and “alperujo” (a byproduct of the olive oil). The feedstock was pyrolysed in a 0.64L steel reactor under N2 atmosphere. Pyrolysis temperature and reaction time were controlled, thus biochars were produced with temperatures ranging between 400 and 500 ºC whereas reaction time ranged from 1 to 4h. Each soil was mixed with 0, 2, 5 and 10% of biochar, and the pots were made in triplicate. All the pots were incubated under controlled conditions (60% of water holding capacity; 25 ºC) during 65 days and sown (Brassica rapa spp. Pekinensis). The plant experiment also lasted 65 days. The following parameters were determined for this study: bioavailability of trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn), germination rates, plant biomass, partitioning of trace elements into Brassica leaves (Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn), pH, dehydrogenase (DHA) and β-glucosidase (BGA) activities in biochar amended and un-amended soils. Changes in bioavailability of trace elements in soils were influenced by incubation conditions, not by biochar application. Soil pH increased with the dose of biochar. DHA showed 10 times greater activity in MPS than HPS. Furthermore, biochar amended MPS showed greater DHA than control soils. BGA decreased with increasing biochar rate application. No significant differences were observed in the germination rates in MPS, whereas germination increased with biochar dose for HPS.References De la Rosa, J.M., Paneque, M., Miller, A.Z. & Knicker, H. (2014). Relating physical and chemical properties of four different biochars and their application rate to biomass production of Lolium perenne on a Calcic Cambisol during a pot experiment of 79 days. Science of the Total Environment, 499, 175-184. EEA. (2007). Progress in Management of Contaminated Sites. CSI 015. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environmental Agency. Paz-Ferreiro, J., Lu, H., Fu, S., Méndez, A. & Gascó, G. (2014). Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal polluted soils: a review. Solid Earth, 5, 65-75.The Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINEICO) and AEI/FEDER are thanked for funding the project CGL2016-76498-R. P. Campos thanks the “Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno” for funding her PhD.Peer reviewe

Insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis in the control of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), under laboratory conditions

El uso de insecticidas químicos sintéticos para el control de insectos es peligroso, afectan- do al hombre y los animales, contaminando el aire, el agua, el suelo y la cadena alimentaria, ocasionando graves efectos sobre la salud y propiciando el desarrollo de resistencia en varias especies de plagas y vectores. Todos estos problemas incrementan el interés por el desarrollo de insecticidas alternativos de menor impacto ambiental. Esta investigación se trazó como objetivo determinar el efecto insecticida del aceite esencial&nbsp;de Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis sobre la especie de moscas Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius). El aceite esencial fue extraído de las partes aéreas de la planta por el método de hidro-destilación en un equipo Clevenger. La colonia de dípteros muscoides fue mantenida según el procedimiento normalizado del Laboratorio de Entomología Médica y Forense del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - LEMEF / FIOCRUZ. Para evaluar los efectos del aceite esencial sobre el desarrollo post-embrionario de las moscas, se ensayaron seis concentraciones (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 y 100%) en aplicación tópica 1μL/larva. Se obtuvo como resultado que en todos los tratamientos las larvas mostraron valores de masa corporal menores al compararlos con los grupos controles. El análisis de la duración de las etapas larval y pupal, así como del período de neolarva-adulto evidenció hubo un comportamiento que establece una diferencia entre los grupos tratados y los grupos controles. La utilización de este aceite esencial no influyó en la variable biológica razón sexual. Se concluye que el aceite esencial de Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis mostró actividad insecticida contra la especie Cochliomyia macellaria afectando los parámetros masa corporal y duración del período de neolarva-adulto, causando además mortalidad en todas las concentraciones probadas, por lo puede considerarse como un insecticida botánico de menor impacto ambiental para el control alternativo de esta especie de moscasO uso de inseticidas químicos sintéticos para o controle de insetos é perigoso, afetando o homem e os animais, contaminando o ar, a água, o solo e a cadeia alimentar, causando sérios efeitos à saúde e promovendo o desenvolvimento de resistência em várias espécies de pragas e vetores. Todos esses problemas aumentam o interesse no desenvolvimento de inseticidas alternativos com menor impacto ambiental. O objetivo desta investigação foi determinar o efeito inseticida do óleo essencial de Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis sobre as espécies de moscas Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius). O óleo essencial foi extraído das partes aéreas da planta pelo método de hidrodestilação em um equipamento de Clevenger. A colônia dípteros muscoides foi mantida de acordo com o procedimento padrão do Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - LEMEF / FIOCRUZ. Para avaliar os efeitos do óleo essencial no desenvolvimento pós-embrionário das moscas, seis concentrações (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) aplicado topicamente 1 ul / larva testado. O resultado foi que em todos os tratamentos as larvas apresentaram menores valores de massa corporal quando comparados com os grupos controle. A análise da duração dos estágios larval e pupal, bem como do período neolarva-adulto, mostrou um comportamento que estabelece uma diferença entre os grupos tratados e os grupos controle. O uso deste óleo essencial não influenciou a variável biológica razão sexual. Conclui-se que o óleo essencial de Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis mostrou actividade insecticida contra Cochliomyia macellaria espécies que afecta os parâmetros de massa corporal e duração da neolarva-adulto, e fazendo com que a mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas, assim pode ser considerado um insecticida botânico menor impacto ambiental para o controlo alternativo do presente espécies de moscas.The use of synthetic chemical insecticides for the control of insects is dangerous, affecting man and animals, contaminating the air, water, soil and the food chain, causing serious effects on health and promoting the development of resistance in several species of pests and vectors. All these problems increase the interest in the development of alternative insecticides with lower environmental impact. The objective of this investigation was to determine the insecticidal effect of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis on the species of flies Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius). The essential oil was extracted from the aerial parts of the plant by the method of hydro-distillation in a Clevenger equipment. The colony of muscoid diptera was maintained according to the standard procedure of the Medical Entomology and Forensic Laboratory of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute - LEMEF / FIOCRUZ. To evaluate the effects of the essential oil on the post-embryonic development of the flies, six concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) were tested in topical application 1μL / larva. The result was that in all the treatments the larvae showed lower body mass values when compared with the control groups. The analysis of the duration of the larval and pupal stages, as well as the period of neolarva-adult showed a behavior that establishes a difference between the treated groups and the control groups. The use of this essential oil did not influence the biological variable sexual reason. It is concluded that the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis showed insecticidal activity against the species Cochliomyia macellaria, affecting body mass parameters and duration of the neolarva-adult period, causing mortality at all tested concentrations, so it can be considered as a botanical insecticide with lower environmental impact for the alternative control of this species of flies