Essays in Health and Demographic Economics

Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.This dissertation consists of four essays on health and demographic economics. In the first chapter, I explore the implementation of the theory of equality of opportunity (EOp) developed by Roemer (1998) to health in a joint work with Guillem Lopez and Frederic Udina. A common impediment to the achievement of EOp applications with given resources constraints is that it is unlikely that public policies can fully compensate for existing unfair inequalities. This scenario is particularly relevant in the case of health policy, where public spending coexists with a large private spending component. We argue that if social justice is not attainable, social deliberation should not only focus on choosing the circumstances that ought to be compensated but also reflect on which groups suffering unfair inequalities should be prioritized. The second chapter examines the impact of income-related reporting heterogeneity on the measurement of health inequality. While most studies of health inequality rely on self-reported measures of health, recent research has studied the possibility that part of the existing differences in self-reported health could be due to systematic differences in reporting across socioeconomic groups. The concern is that part of the existing inequalities may not be founded on differences in the “true” health status of individuals. In particular, some studies have concluded that reliance on self-reported health might have resulted in an overstatement on the degree of health inequality of some countries. I study the income-related reporting heterogeneity hypothesis in the 2006 wave of the Catalan Survey of Health and I find that the main contributor to health inequality is the disproportionate concentration of the prevalence of reported conditions in lower income groups. The third chapter, joint with Hippolyte d'Albis and Loesse Jacques Esso, studies the trends in mortality convergence across developed countries from 1960 to 2008. While the epidemiological transition has provided a theory behind the expectation of convergence in mortality patterns, our results reject the convergence hypothesis for a sample of industrialized countries. We study the disparities across the mortality distributions of the countries and our sample and find no evidence of convergence towards a common mortality distribution.The fourth and final chapter of this dissertation examines the relationship between unemployment and fertility. I offer a possible explanation for the apparent contradiction between the empirical work that finds a negative relationship between unemployment and fertility and the theoretical work that emphasizes the lower opportunity cost of childbearing while unemployed. I reconcile these perspectives by distinguishing two forms of unemployment. The first form is structural unemployment while the second is cyclical unemployment, a less permanent component of unemployment that is linked to the economic cycle. I study both effects over the life cycle using cohort data on a panel of developed countries. I find that while structural unemployment has an unambiguous negative effect on fertility, reactions to cyclical unemployment depend on the age at which it is experienced

Essays in Health and Demographic Economics

Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.This dissertation consists of four essays on health and demographic economics. In the first chapter, I explore the implementation of the theory of equality of opportunity (EOp) developed by Roemer (1998) to health in a joint work with Guillem Lopez and Frederic Udina. A common impediment to the achievement of EOp applications with given resources constraints is that it is unlikely that public policies can fully compensate for existing unfair inequalities. This scenario is particularly relevant in the case of health policy, where public spending coexists with a large private spending component. We argue that if social justice is not attainable, social deliberation should not only focus on choosing the circumstances that ought to be compensated but also reflect on which groups suffering unfair inequalities should be prioritized. The second chapter examines the impact of income-related reporting heterogeneity on the measurement of health inequality. While most studies of health inequality rely on self-reported measures of health, recent research has studied the possibility that part of the existing differences in self-reported health could be due to systematic differences in reporting across socioeconomic groups. The concern is that part of the existing inequalities may not be founded on differences in the “true” health status of individuals. In particular, some studies have concluded that reliance on self-reported health might have resulted in an overstatement on the degree of health inequality of some countries. I study the income-related reporting heterogeneity hypothesis in the 2006 wave of the Catalan Survey of Health and I find that the main contributor to health inequality is the disproportionate concentration of the prevalence of reported conditions in lower income groups. The third chapter, joint with Hippolyte d'Albis and Loesse Jacques Esso, studies the trends in mortality convergence across developed countries from 1960 to 2008. While the epidemiological transition has provided a theory behind the expectation of convergence in mortality patterns, our results reject the convergence hypothesis for a sample of industrialized countries. We study the disparities across the mortality distributions of the countries and our sample and find no evidence of convergence towards a common mortality distribution.The fourth and final chapter of this dissertation examines the relationship between unemployment and fertility. I offer a possible explanation for the apparent contradiction between the empirical work that finds a negative relationship between unemployment and fertility and the theoretical work that emphasizes the lower opportunity cost of childbearing while unemployed. I reconcile these perspectives by distinguishing two forms of unemployment. The first form is structural unemployment while the second is cyclical unemployment, a less permanent component of unemployment that is linked to the economic cycle. I study both effects over the life cycle using cohort data on a panel of developed countries. I find that while structural unemployment has an unambiguous negative effect on fertility, reactions to cyclical unemployment depend on the age at which it is experienced

Folding of small disulfide-rich proteins : clarifying the puzzle

Premi a l'excel·lència investigadora. Àmbit de les Ciències Experimentals. 2008The process by which small proteins fold to their native conformations has been intensively studied over the last few decades. In this field, the particular chemistry of disulfide bond formation has facilitated the characterization of the oxidative folding of numerous small, disulfide-rich proteins with results that illustrate a high diversity of folding mechanisms, differing in the heterogeneity and disulfide pairing nativeness of their intermediates. In this review, we combine information on the folding of different protein models together with the recent structural determinations of major intermediates to provide new molecular clues in oxidative folding. Also, we turn to analyze the role of disulfide bonds in misfolding and protein aggregation and their implications in amyloidosis and conformational diseases

Procedimiento para la preparación de las diluciones de trabajo de los productos químicos fotográficos

PNT actividad del laboratori fotográfico: preparación químicos laboratorio. (Bellas Artes

Procediment per a la preparació de les dilucions de treball dels productes químics fotográfics

PNT d'activitat del laboratori fotogràfic: preparació dilucions de treball. (Belles Arts

Optimal vaccination age varies across countries

Non peer reviewe

Relación entre el crowdsourcing y la inteligencia colectiva: el caso de los sistemas de etiquetado social

El crowdsourcing es un término acuñado recientemente que hace referencia a un tipo de iniciativas que se dan en Internet. En estas iniciativas, alguien, ya sea una empresa, una persona o una institucion, propone a la multitud de Internet la realización de una tarea a cambio de una recompensa. Para que estas iniciativas se puedan llevar a cabo, Internet, y más concretamente, el desarrollo de la Web 2.0, ha sido fundamental. Internet, además de suponer la base tecnológica sobre la que se asienta el crowdsourcing, permite a este tipo de iniciativas tener acceso a cientos de miles de individuos de cualquier parte del mundo. Al haber sido un término acuñado recientemente, la literatura existente es escasa, realidad que va subsanándose paulatinamente. Además, las fronteras conceptuales del término son difusas. Por esta razón, muchas veces se confunde el crowdsourcing con procesos relacionados aunque no exactamente iguales, como la innovación abierta, la co-creación o la inteligencia colectiva. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo clarificar cual es exactamente la relación existente entre el crowdsourcing y uno de estos fenómenos: la inteligencia colectiva. Con este fin, se analizarán los sistemas de etiquetado social, una aplicación Web 2.0 claramente perteneciente al ámbito de la Inteligencia Colectiva, para observar las diferencias y semejanzas entre ésta y el crowdsourcing. En el camino que se recorre para identificar y analizar esta relación, se alcanzan otros hitos relevantes que ayudan a conseguir el objetivo de la tesis. En lo que al crowdsourcing respecta, se ha definido este término en base a ocho elementos, lo que facilita la identificación de qué es o no crowdsourcing. También se ha desarrollado una tipología de iniciativas de crowdsourcing en base a otras tipologías propuestas por diferentes autores. En cuanto a los sistemas de etiquetado social, se ha analizado y descrito el uso que hacen los usuarios de las etiquetas que describen los recursos de Internet, además de explicar como estos sistemas pueden favorecer los procesos de investigación colaborativos.Estellés Arolas, E. (2013). Relación entre el crowdsourcing y la inteligencia colectiva: el caso de los sistemas de etiquetado social [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31661TESI

Poesías de Juan Arolas

XIX, 494 p

Oda a la convocación a Cortes

Sign.: []4, *7AntepCub. anter. y post. con orlada tip. con grab. calc. y doble fileteGrab. calc. en por

El cuaderno de artista reflexivo. una metodología de evaluación continua en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Podeu consultar el pòster a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55724El cuaderno de artista reflexivo está basado en el aprendizaje teórico-práctico de la producción creativa a través de acciones tutoriales individuales y grupales como herramienta de aprendizaje significativo y evaluación continua del y para el alumno y para el profesor. Dicho cuaderno recoge experiencias cognitivas, procesos de aprendizaje, estrategias metodológicas docentes y discentes, seguimiento de las acciones tutoriales, etc. que se dan durante el curso académico