Sistema de detección de anomalías para infraestructuras IoT

En el mundo en el que vivimos actualmente, la necesidad de mantener seguros tanto los sistemas que utilizamos, como la información que transmitimos se ha convertido en una de las prioridades imprescindibles para el correcto funcionamiento de la sociedad. Cada día aparecen nuevas vulnerabilidades que pueden ser explotadas, por lo que la preocupación en cuanto a las medidas de seguridad aplicadas en nuestros sistemas nunca cesa. El crecimiento de esta necesidad, ha desencadenado que las propias empresas, entidades investigadoras, e incluso personas por su propia cuenta, desarrollen cada día nuevas técnicas, herramientas y métodos con los que aplicar seguridad a sus ámbitos de trabajo. En el caso de los entornos IoT, han resultado un avance en nuestra vida cotidiana con las facilidades que nos llegan a ofrecer sus dispositivos, sin embargo, su utilización también supone desafíos para la seguridad de la información con la que trabajan. Algunas de las herramientas más utilizadas para mantener seguros estos entornos, son los sistemas de detección de anomalías, con lo que se analizan e identifican patrones inusuales o sospechosos en los datos enviados por los dispositivos IoT. Por ello, con este proyecto, se propone un sistema de detección de anomalías, centrado en el control de infraestructuras de entornos IoT, de manera que se pueda controlar el correcto funcionamiento de las mismas, permitiendo la toma de acciones casi inmediata tras un aviso de funcionamiento anómalo, o simplemente para su análisis y monitorización diario

Modeling and Control of Drinking Water Supply Infrastructures Through Multi-Agent Systems for Sustainability

Traditionally, drinking water supply infrastructures have been designed to store as much water as possible and to do so during the energy cheap hours. This approach is unsustainable today. The use of digital systems capable of modeling the behavior of infrastructures and the creation of intelligent control systems can help to make drinking water supply systems more efficient and effective, while still meeting minimum service requirements. This work proposes the development of a control system, based on multi-agent systems (MAS), capable of generating an intelligent control over a drinking water infrastructure, based on the use of local interests of the agents and with an emergent behavior coherent with the needs. To validate the proposal, a simulator based on the infrastructures of a medium-sized Spanish city of 5000 inhabitants has been built and the control has been simulated using the MAS. The results show how the system can maintain the objectives set, handling unknown situations, and facilitating the development of future physical systems based on a just-in-time paradigm that guarantees sustainability, as it allows the generation of virtualizations of the infrastructures and their behavior, thus being able to study the best option for an infrastructure to resolve a supply situation.This work was supported by the UAIND22-01B Project “Adaptive Control of Urban Supply Systems” by the Office of the Vice President of Research of the University of Alicante, and the INNTA3/2022/3 project “Adaptive Control of Urban Supply Systems”, by Agencia Valenciana de la Innovación

Anomaly Detection System for Data Quality Assurance in IoT infrastructures based on Machine Learning

The inclusion of IoT in digital platforms is very common nowadays due to the ease of deployment, low power consumption and low cost. It is also common to use heterogeneous IoT devices of ad-hoc or commercial development, using private or third-party network infrastructures. This scenario makes it difficult to detect invalid packets from malfunctioning devices, from sensors to application servers. These invalid packets generate low quality or erroneous data, which negatively influence the services that use them. For this reason, we need to create procedures and mechanisms to ensure the quality of the data obtained from IoT infrastructures, regardless of the type of infrastructure and the control we have over them, so that the systems that use this data can be reliable. In this work we propose the development of an Anomaly Detection System for IoT infrastructures based on Machine Learning using unsupervised learning. We validate the proposal by implementing it on the IoT infrastructure of the University of Alicante, which has a multiple sensing system and uses third-party services, over a campus of one million square meters. The contribution of this work has been the generation of an anomaly detection system capable of revealing incidents in IoT infrastructures, without knowing details about the infrastructures or devices, through the analysis of data in real time. This proposal allows to discard from the IoT data flow all those packets that are suspected to be anomalous to ensure a high quality of information to the tools that consume IoT data.This project has been funded by the UAIND22-01B project "Adaptive control of urban supply systems" of the University of Alicante

The protein aggregation inhibitor YAT2150 has potent antimalarial activity in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Background: By 2016, signs of emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin and partner drugs were detected in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Recently, the independent evolution of artemisinin resistance has also been reported in Africa and South America. This alarming scenario calls for the urgent development of new antimalarials with novel modes of action. We investigated the interference with protein aggregation, which is potentially toxic for the cell and occurs abundantly in all Plasmodium stages, as a hitherto unexplored drug target in the pathogen. Results: Attempts to exacerbate the P. falciparum proteome's propensity to aggregation by delivering endogenous aggregative peptides to in vitro cultures of this parasite did not significantly affect their growth. In contrast, protein aggregation inhibitors clearly reduced the pathogen's viability. One such compound, the bis(styrylpyridinium) salt YAT2150, exhibited potent antiplasmodial activity with an in vitro IC50 of 90 nM for chloroquine- and artemisinin-resistant lines, arresting asexual blood parasites at the trophozoite stage, as well as interfering with the development of both sexual and hepatic forms of Plasmodium. At its IC50, this compound is a powerful inhibitor of the aggregation of the model amyloid β peptide fragment 1-40, and it reduces the amount of aggregated proteins in P. falciparum cultures, suggesting that the underlying antimalarial mechanism consists in a generalized impairment of proteostasis in the pathogen. YAT2150 has an easy, rapid, and inexpensive synthesis, and because it fluoresces when it accumulates in its main localization in the Plasmodium cytosol, it is a theranostic agent. Conclusions: Inhibiting protein aggregation in Plasmodium significantly reduces the parasite's viability in vitro. Since YAT2150 belongs to a novel structural class of antiplasmodials with a mode of action that potentially targets multiple gene products, rapid evolution of resistance to this drug is unlikely to occur, making it a promising compound for the post-artemisinin era.This work was supported by grants (i) PCIN-2017-100, RTI2018-094579-B-I00 and PID2021-128325OB-I00 (XF-B), and SAF2017-82771-R and PID2020-118127RB-I00 (DM-T), funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 for grants PID2021- and PID2020-), which for grants RTI2018-, PID2021-, and SAF2017- included FEDER funds; (ii) ERA-NET Cofund EURONANOMED (http://euronanomed.net/), grant number 2017-178 (XF-B); and (iii) Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (http://agaur.gencat.cat/), grant numbers 2017-SGR-908 (XF-B) and 2017-SGR-106 (DM-T). Work at Pompeu Fabra University was supported by the “La Caixa” Banking Foundation (https://fundacionlacaixa.org/, grant HR17-00409), and by grant AGL2017-84097-C2-2-R and the “María de Maeztu” Program for Units of Excellence in R&D from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aplicació web per a la localització de productes sense glútens mitjançant diferents filtres

[ES] El desarrollo de esta aplicación web se basa principalmente en la localización de productos sin gluten mediante la selección de distintos filtros aplicables en la búsqueda, como ubicación, categoría, marca o establecimiento. Por otra parte, la aplicación permite que los usuarios que hayan iniciado sesión puedan aportar nuevos productos que encuentren en su ubicación. Esta función sería validada por el administrador de la web, y en caso de estar todo en orden, posteriormente se añadirían los datos faltantes y finalmente incluido en la web. Unos de los motivos para el desarrollo de esta aplicación es la notable diferencia que se encuentra en las opciones que ofrecen determinadas marcas comerciales en distintas ubicaciones, es decir, que los productos que ofrece una empresa "X" no necesariamente se ofrecen en otro lugar por la misma empresa, de ahí la necesidad de poder encontrar el producto buscado cumpliendo las características deseadas.[EN] The development of this web application is mainly based on the localization of gluten-free products by selecting different filters applicable in the search, such as location, category, brand or establishment. On the other hand, the application allows users who have logged in to contribute new products that they find in their location. This function would be validated by the webmaster, and if everything was in order, the missing data would be added later and finally included on the web. One of the reasons for the development of this application is the remarkable difference that is found in the options offered by certain trademarks in different locations, that is, that the products offered by a company "X"not necessarily offered elsewhere by the same company, hence the need to be able to find the product sought fulfilling the desired characteristics.Arnau Muñoz, L. (2022). Aplicación web para la localización de productos sin gluten mediante diferentes filtros. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/185220TFG

Gestión activa de sistemas de abastecimiento mediante el empleo de sistemas multiagente (MAS) para la sostenibilidad

Uno de los retos más importantes a los que se enfrenta la gestión del agua urbana es el mantenimiento de las infraestructuras implicadas y a la minimización de los consumos tanto energéticos como de reactivos. Los sistemas de control inteligentes pueden ayudar a ser más eficientes y efectivos en los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua potable, sin dejar de cumplir el mínimo de servicio. En este trabajo se propone el desarrollo de un sistema de control, basado en sistemas multi agente (MAS), capaz de generar un control inteligente sobre una infraestructura hídrica potable, en función de los intereses individuales, que son materializados como objetivos en cada agente, y que exhibe un comportamiento emergente coherente con las necesidades. Para validar la propuesta se ha desarrollado un simulador basado en las infraestructuras de una ciudad mediana española, de 5.000 habitantes, y se ha generado el control mediante MAS. Los resultados muestran cómo el sistema es capaz de mantener los objetivos marcados e incluso manejar situaciones desconocidas, sirviendo de germen para el desarrollo de futuros sistemas físicos basados en un paradigma de just-in-time, que garanticen la sostenibilidad y permitan estudiar las mejores opciones para el manejo y configuración de las infraestructuras

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective