An accurate discretization for an inhomogeneous transport equation with arbitrary coefficients and source

A new way of obtaining the algebraic relation between the nodal values in a general one-dimensional transport equation is presented. The equation can contain an arbitrary source and both the convective flux and the diffusion coefficient may vary arbitrarily. Contrary to the usual approach of approximating the derivatives involved, the algebraic relation is based on the exact solution written in integral terms. The required integrals can be speedily evaluated by approximating the integrand with Hermite splines or applying Gauss quadrature rules. The startling point about the whole procedure is that a very high accuracy can be obtained with few nodes, and more surprisingly, it can be increased almost up to machine accuracy by augmenting the number of quadrature points or the Hermite spline degree with little extra cost

Performance Assessment of the Network Reconstruction Approaches on Various Interactomes

Beyond the list of molecules, there is a necessity to collectively consider multiple sets of omic data and to reconstruct the connections between the molecules. Especially, pathway reconstruction is crucial to understanding disease biology because abnormal cellular signaling may be pathological. The main challenge is how to integrate the data together in an accurate way. In this study, we aim to comparatively analyze the performance of a set of network reconstruction algorithms on multiple reference interactomes. We first explored several human protein interactomes, including PathwayCommons, OmniPath, HIPPIE, iRefWeb, STRING, and ConsensusPathDB. The comparison is based on the coverage of each interactome in terms of cancer driver proteins, structural information of protein interactions, and the bias toward well-studied proteins. We next used these interactomes to evaluate the performance of network reconstruction algorithms including all-pair shortest path, heat diffusion with flux, personalized PageRank with flux, and prize-collecting Steiner forest (PCSF) approaches. Each approach has its own merits and weaknesses. Among them, PCSF had the most balanced performance in terms of precision and recall scores when 28 pathways from NetPath were reconstructed using the listed algorithms. Additionally, the reference interactome affects the performance of the network reconstruction approaches. The coverage and disease- or tissue-specificity of each interactome may vary, which may result in differences in the reconstructed networks

Comparison of the ENATE approach and discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method in 1D nonlinear transport equations

In this paper a comparison of the performance of two ways of discretizing the nonlinear convection-diffusion equation in a one-dimensional (1D) domain is performed. The two approaches can be considered within the class of high-order methods. The first one is the discontinuous Galerkin method, which has been profusely used to solve general transport equations, either coupled as the Navier-Stokes equations, or on their own. On the other hand, the ENATE procedure (Enhanced Numerical Approximation of a Transport Equation), uses the exact solution to obtain an exact algebraic equation with integral coefficients that link nodal values with a three-point stencil. This paper is the first of thorough assessments of ENATE by comparing it with well-established high-order methods. Several test cases of the steady Burgers' equation with and without source have been chosen for comparison

Il fascino discreto del merito. Opportunità e rischi.

Dall'a.s. 2022/23 il Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione è diventato il Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito. L'articolo problematizza il significato di questo cambio di titolazione

Associated noncommutative vector bundles over the Vaksman–Soibelman quantum complex projective spaces

Analysis and Stochastic

A Systematic Review for the Management of the Genetically Defined Il-1-Mediated Autoinflammatory Diseases, Caps, Traps, Mkd and Dira

Background:Ultra-rare genetically defined IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) include mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), cryopyrinopathies (CAPS) and deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA). These disorders start perinatally, the clinical disease manifestations include systemic inflammation; and late diagnosis and inappropriate treatment cause irreversible organ damage. The varying skills of treating rheumatologists and paediatricians illustrate the need for management guidance, however criteria for validated methodology is geared towards common diseases with more heterogeneous pathogenesis.Objectives:The focus of this systematic review includes the evaluation of the existing literature and the evaluation of existing EULAR methodology for use in the ultra-rare diseases with defined pathomechanisms, CAPS, TRAPS, MKD and DIRAMethods:EULAR standardized operating procedures were followed during the review, including a meeting of experts to discuss key words, inclusion/exclusion criteria and PICO questions. Three fellows established the protocol of the review under the supervision of the EULAR methodologist and PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched up to September 30, 2019.Results:We found 1582 articles for CAPS, 1109 articles for TRAPS,1741 articles for MKD and 557 articles for DIRA. Duplications, animal models and basic science studies, conference papers, systematic reviews/meta-analysis and articles not in English language is excluded. If we excluded case reports (n<4), then 72 articles for CAPS, 40 articles for TRAPS,44 articles for MKD and 1 article for DIRA should be included for full text evaluation and data extraction (Figure 1). However among the case reports, patients excluded achieved complete remission, assessed by clinical criteria and biomarkers. Of the studies included only few randomized studies for CAPS, TRAPS, MKD, and DIRA and would achieve higher level of evidence (Figure 1).Figure 1.Flow-charts of systematic review for CAPS, TRAPS and MKD.Conclusion:CAPS, TRAPS, MKD and DIRA are monogenic diseases with defined pathways and outcomes that include inflammatory remission based on clinical and biomarker data. Current methodological evaluations for genetically complex diseases undervalue the published evidence in case reports that report on remission and IL-1 biomarkers. We suggest that case studies that include hard outcomes includinginflammatory remission, and open label withdrawal studies that are both backed by biomarkers could be allowed to be included and be considered for a stronger evidence level.References:[1]van der Heijde D, Aletaha D, Carmona L, et al 2014 Update of the EULAR standardised operating procedures for EULAR-endorsed recommendations Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2015;74:8-13.[2]Gattorno M, Hofer M, Federici S, Vanoni F, Bovis F, Aksentijevich I, Anton J, Arostegui JI, Barron K, Ben-Cherit E, Brogan PA, Cantarini L, Ceccherini I, De Benedetti F, Dedeoglu F, Demirkaya E, Frenkel J, Goldbach-Mansky R, Gul A, Hentgen V, Hoffman H, Kallinich T, Kone-Paut I, Kuemmerle-Deschner J, Lachmann HJ, Laxer RM, Livneh A, Obici L, Ozen S, Rowczenio D, Russo R, Shinar Y, Simon A, Toplak N, Touitou I, Uziel Y, van Gijn M, Foell D, Garassino C, Kastner D, Martini A, Sormani MP, Ruperto N; Eurofever Registry and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO). Classification criteria for autoinflammatory recurrent fevers. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Aug;78(8):1025-1032.Disclosure of Interests:Roberta Berard: None declared, micol romano: None declared, Zehra Serap Arici: None declared, David Piskin: None declared, Olcay Jones: None declared, Karen Durrant: None declared, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky: None declared, Marco Gattorno Consultant of: Sobi, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sobi, Novartis, Erkan Demirkaya: None declare