La compresión lectora y el rendimiento académico de los alumnos del IV ciclo del nivel primaria de la Institución Educativa Nº 5095 “Julio Ramón Ribeyro” Callao-Lima, 2011

El presente trabajo analiza la relación de La Comprensión Lectora y el Rendimiento Académico de los alumnos del IV ciclo del nivel primaria de la institución educativa N°5095 “Julio Ramón Ribeyro “Callao - Lima, 2011, teniendo como objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la Comprensión Lectora y el Rendimiento Académico de los alumnos del IV ciclo del nivel primaria de la institución educativa N°5095 “Julio Ramón Ribeyro “Callao - Lima. La presente investigación es un estudio tipo Correlacional Comparativo, diseño transversal y el método hipotético-deductivo. Se utilizó la técnica de fichaje, psicométrica y estadísticas; y como instrumento, las pruebas de comprensión lectora. Como V1 se tiene a la Comprensión Lectora, utilizándose como instrumento para recolectar información dos pruebas de comprensión lectora que mide los niveles de comprensión lectora: literal, inferencial y crítica; y como V2 el rendimiento académico. El grupo de estudio fue seleccionado según el criterio de muestreo aleatorio simple, conformada por 58 alumnos, de ambos sexos, de situación económica baja, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 8 y 9 años y fueron evaluados a través de pruebas de comprensión lectora. La aplicación de los instrumentos se realizó en forma colectiva. Para la verificación de las hipótesis se ha hecho uso del coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman y en términos generales, los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que existe relación entre la Comprensión Lectora y el Rendimiento Académico, en los alumnos del IV ciclo del nivel primaria de la institución educativa N°5095 “Julio Ramón Ribeyro “Callao

Vulnerability analysis to wildland- urban interface fires in metropolitan areas: an integrated approach

Wildfires pose a growing threat to populated areas around the world and especially in the Mediterranean Basin. Numerous Mediterranean cities have typically developed neighbourhoods that expand into forest land in which basic aspects for an efficient WUI fire management have not been considered. In this paper, we present a holistic approach to analyse threats to metropolitan areas due to WUI fires, accounting for infrastructural, societal and ecosystems vulnerability at settlement scale. Based on design fires and the key parameters responsible of fire impact and percolation through communities of most probable WUI fire events, we define key indicators to describe how vulnerable structures are in WUI metropolitan areas. Following, urban and societal indicators are selected to account for population’s vulnerability and, finally, ecosystems potential losses are accounted by ecosystem vulnerability indicators such as ecosystem sensitivity and adaptability. We have implemented this methodology to analyse vulnerability in Barcelona WUI areas and identified those that can be more threatened in case of wildfire. Results of this study will be key to inform risk-reduction public policies, as they provide particular insights on those WUI areas within Barcelona municipality that should be prioritized along with the specific issues that should be tackled.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

ESTUDIO DE LA MORFOLOGÍA Y ACLIMATACIÓN DE PLANTAS DE LAELIA EYERMANIANA RCHB. f. GENERADAS IN VITRO

A morphological study of plantlets of Laeliaeyermaniana Rchb.f. cultured in vitro wascarried out. Histologic preparations weremade to observe different stages from seedgermination until ex vitro acclimatizationof plantlets. Photomicrographs showedvarious transitional stages. Seven relativestages of development were identifiedand described: seed, non-photosyntheticprotocorm, photosynthetic protocorm,differentiated protocorm, plantlets withleafs, plantlets with leaves and roots, andplantlets with leaves and two roots, aswell as two transitory phases: somaticembryogenic mass (SEM) and protocormlike bodies (PLBs) obtained by indirectsomatic embryogenesis. Stomatal leafdensity doubled under ex vitro conditions.This study contributes to the knowledgeof morphological development of L.eyermaniana during in vitro culture and exvitro acclimatization.En este trabajo se hizo un seguimientomorfológico de plantas de Laeliaeyermaniana Rchb. f. obtenidas in vitro.Se realizaron preparaciones histológicaspara observar diferentes etapas, desde lagerminación hasta la aclimatación ex vitro.Las fotomicrografías de las preparacionesmostraron varios estadios transitorios. Seidentificaron y describieron siete estadiosrelativos de desarrollo: semilla, protocormono fotosintético, protocormo fotosintético,protocormo en diferenciación, plántula conhojas, plántulas con hojas y raíz, plántulacon hojas y dos raíces. Así como también,dos fases transitorias: masa embrionariasomática (MES) y cuerpos parecidos aprotocormos (PLBs) por sus siglas en inglés,obtenidos por embriogénesis somáticaindirecta. La densidad estomática en lashojas se duplicó bajo condiciones ex vitro.Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento deldesarrollo morfológico de L. eyermanianadurante su cultivo in vitro y aclimataciónex vitro

Conbiomics: the missing approach for the conservation of freshwater bivalves

The decline of freshwater biodiversity hás reached alarming proportions. The extinction rate of freshwater biodiversity is predicted to be five times faster than ali other groups of species. The Unionidae, being the largest of the freshwater bivalve families, is among the most endangered group in the world. They are important providers of aquatic ecosystem services and are characterized by an unusual pattem of mtDNA inheritance. However, phylogeny, population genetic structure and species-level diversity remains unclear for much of the group. With an experienced and well-qualified team, the present proposal aims to define the most important freshwater mussel taxa and most criticai áreas for conservation, at European and Global leveis, to inform the most relevant policy niakers. This will be achieved by integrating a genomics approach with available distribution data, in order to determine and map global species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and weighted endemism. This complementary approach will not only help conserve this vulnerable group but will offer wider benefits to freshwater ecosystems whose billions of people depend globally. Additionally, as these animals have an extraordinary unusual pattern of mtDNA inheritance, they will be used as model-taxa to study the evolution of mtDNA and life in general.This research was developed under Project Nº NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030286 (ConBiomics: the missing approach for the Conservation of freshwater Bivalves), co-financed by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF, and by FCT through national funds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Transferrin Isoforms, Old but New Biomarkers in Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Hereditary Fructose Intolerance (HFI) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterised by the deficiency of the hepatic enzyme aldolase B. Its treatment consists in adopting a fructose-, sucrose-, and sorbitol (FSS)-restrictive diet for life. Untreated HFI patients present an abnormal transferrin (Tf) glycosylation pattern due to the inhibition of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase by fructose-1-phosphate. Hence, elevated serum carbohydrate-deficient Tf (CDT) may allow the prompt detection of HFI. The CDT values improve when an FSS-restrictive diet is followed; however, previous data on CDT and fructose intake correlation are inconsistent. Therefore, we examined the complete serum sialoTf profile and correlated it with FSS dietary intake and with hepatic parameters in a cohort of paediatric and adult fructosemic patients. To do so, the profiles of serum sialoTf from genetically diagnosed HFI patients on an FSS-restricted diet (n = 37) and their age-, sex- and body mass index-paired controls (n = 32) were analysed by capillary zone electrophoresis. We found that in HFI patients, asialoTf correlated with dietary intake of sucrose (R = 0.575, p < 0.001) and FSS (R = 0.475, p = 0.008), and that pentasialoTf+hexasialoTf negatively correlated with dietary intake of fructose (R = −0.386, p = 0.024) and FSS (R = −0.400, p = 0.019). In addition, the tetrasialoTf/disialoTf ratio truthfully differentiated treated HFI patients from healthy controls, with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.97, 92% sensitivity, 94% specificity and 93% accuracy.This work was supported by Exp. No. 2018111095, Basque Government, Health Department to J.D.H., and by FEDER; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras (FI18053)

Vitamin C and folate status in hereditary fructose intolerance

Background Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare inborn error of fructose metabolism caused by the deficiency of aldolase B. Since treatment consists of a fructose-, sucrose- and sorbitol-restrictive diet for life, patients are at risk of presenting vitamin deficiencies. Although there is no published data on the status of these vitamins in HFI patients, supplementation with vitamin C and folic acid is common. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess vitamin C and folate status and supplementation practices in a nationwide cohort of HFI patients. Methods Vitamin C and folic acid dietary intake, supplementation and circulating levels were assessed in 32 HFI patients and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results Most of the HFI participants presented vitamin C (96.7%) and folate (90%) dietary intake below the recommended population reference intake. Up to 69% received vitamin C and 50% folic acid supplementation. Among HFI patients, 15.6% presented vitamin C and 3.1% folate deficiency. The amount of vitamin C supplementation and plasma levels correlated positively (R = 0.443; p = 0.011). Interestingly, a higher percentage of non-supplemented HFI patients were vitamin C deficient when compared to supplemented HFI patients (30% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.01) and to healthy controls (30% vs. 3.1%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results provide evidence for the first time supporting vitamin C supplementation in HFI. There is great heterogeneity in vitamin supplementation practices and, despite follow-up at specialised centres, vitamin C deficiency is common. Further research is warranted to establish optimal doses of vitamin C and the need for folic acid supplementation in HFI.This work was supported by Exp. No. 2018111095, Basque Government, Health Department; FEDER, the Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases (FI18053); and Danone-Nutricia-Metabolics, which was not involved in the study hypothesis/design, execution, analysis, or interpretation

Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of wild Mediterranean edible plant extracts

The recent interest in wild edible plants is associated with their health benefits, which are mainly due to their richness in antioxidant compounds, particularly phenolics. Nevertheless, some of these compounds are metabolized after ingestion, being transformed into metabolites frequently with lower antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the digestive process on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of extracts from four wild edible plants used in the Mediterranean diet (Beta maritima L., Plantago major L., Oxalis pes-caprae L. and Scolymus hispanicus L.). HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that S. hispanicus is characterized by the presence of caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids and flavonol derivatives, P. major by high amounts of verbascoside, B. maritima possesses 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin derivatives and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and O. pes-caprae extract contains hydroxycinnamic acids and flavone derivatives. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and antioxidant activity by the ABTS, DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays. Phenolic contents of P. major and S. hispanicus extracts were not affected by digestion, but they significantly decreased in B. maritima after both phases of digestion process and in O. pes-caprae after the gastric phase. The antioxidant activity results varied with the extract and the method used to evaluate the activity. Results showed that P. major extract has the highest total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, with considerable values even after digestion, reinforcing the health benefits of this species.European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE)European Union (EU)European Union (FEDER)European Union (EU)Programa de Cooperacion Interreg V-A Espana - Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020 [0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E]project INTERREG - MD. Net: When Brand Meets PeopleFCT Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technolog

Complex genetic patterns in human arise from a simple range-expansion model over continental landmasses

© 2018 Kanitz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Although it is generally accepted that geography is a major factor shaping human genetic differentiation, it is still disputed how much of this differentiation is a result of a simple process of isolation-by-distance, and if there are factors generating distinct clusters of genetic similarity. We address this question using a geographically explicit simulation framework coupled with an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach. Based on six simple summary statistics only, we estimated the most probable demographic parameters that shaped modern human evolution under an isolation by distance scenario, and found these were the following: an initial population in East Africa spread and grew from 4000 individuals to 5.7 million in about 132 000 years. Subsequent simulations with these estimates followed by cluster analyses produced results nearly identical to those obtained in real data. Thus, a simple diffusion model from East Africa explains a large portion of the genetic diversity patterns observed in modern humans. We argue that a model of isolation by distance along the continental landmasses might be the relevant null model to use when investigating selective effects in humans and probably many other species

El sistema de control interno y la ejecución del gasto en la Sucamec 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene objetivo determinar la relación del sistema de control interno con la ejecución del gasto en la Sucamec durante el periodo 2020, este propósito busca que en la relación entre el sistema de control y la ejecución del gasto se impulse el cumplimiento de los objetivos institucionales, para ello se realizó un estudio de diseño no experimental correlacional de tipo básico, estableciendo como población los colaboradores de la Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Control de Armas, Municiones y Productos Pirotécnicos de Uso Civil – Sucamec, específicamente a los que tienen relación directa con la ejecución del gasto. Para el levantamiento de la información en esta investigación se ha utilizado el instrumento encuesta aplicando 16 preguntas tipo Likert, este instrumento ha sido validado por especialistas de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo y para su confiabilidad se utilizó Alpha de Cronbach. Asimismo, para la correlación se ha utilizado el coeficiente de Rho Spearman teniendo como resultado un coeficiente de 0.488 con una significancia de 0.01 lo que nos indica que existe una correlación moderada entre el sistema de control interno y la ejecución del gasto en la Sucamec en el periodo 2020

Factores de riesgo seleccionados que afectan la toma del Papanicolaou en mujeres mayores de 30 años. Chepo año 1999.

En un estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 195 mujeres que habitan en Chepo, se estudian algunas características socioculturales individuales y de la oferta, que se asocian a la demanda de la prueba del Papanicolaou por parte de estas mujeres. En la distribución de frecuencias encontramos que el 14.4% nunca se habían realizado un Papanicolaou. 49.7% prefiere que lo realice alguien de sexo femenino. 85.6% inicia vida sexual entre 10 y l9 años y solo el 25.7% realizó su primera prueba en este grupo de edad y 4.2%. refirió que no volverá a realizarlo. El 90.9% de las mujeres sin escolaridad se había realizado la prueba. Las mujeres que alcanzaron primaria lo hicieron en un 45.5%. En su última visita a las instalaciones de salud al 35% no se les menciono la palabra Papanicolaou. y a más del 40% no se les ofreció. Las mujeres aseguradas tienen 2.85 veces más probabilidad de realizarlo, (OR 2.85, LC 1.11-7.52). Las Solteras presentaron un riesgo 77% menor de realizarlo, (OR 0.23, LC 0.6-0.81). Las mujeres cuya primera relación sexual fue después de 30 años, presentó un riesgo 93% menor para hacerlo, (OR 0.07, LC 0.01-0.056). El no tener compañero sexual representó un riesgo 95% menor para realizarlo, (OR 0.05, LC 0.00-0.83). El grupo que refirió, no sentir temor a que le vean sus partes íntimas tiene 4.04 veces, más probabilidad de realizarlo. (OR 4.04, LC 1.48-11.67). Concluimos que las mujeres de Chepo aún desconocen la importancia que tiene la prueba del Papanicolaou y que no se está realizando correctamente su promoción y práctica por parte de los equipos de salud