DIREITO SOCIAL AO LAZER NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA DIFUNDIDA NO CAMPO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

A pesquisa objetivou analisar, em artigos publicados em congressos, seminários e revistas a respeito de políticas públicas de lazer em todo o Brasil, no período de 1988 a 2009, as possíveis contribuições que tais produções trouxeram para a consolidação do lazer como direito social. Foram analisados 83 artigos, nos quais se procurou identificar os conceitos de direito social, cidadania, participação social e lazer, no intuito de que possam fornecer subsídios para uma análise rigorosa da concepção de homem, de mundo e de sociedade que tem fundamentado a produção teórica no campo lazer. Os estudos do lazer estão inseridos em um contexto maior da produção intelectual no Brasil e no mundo, expressando os conflitos sociais, influenciando e sendo influenciado pelo conjunto de conhecimentos difundidos em uma época. Tendo em vista as características presentes nas concepções de Estado, em especial nas perspectivas neoliberal e marxista, foram identificados alguns aspectos importantes que relacionam os conceitos aqui explorados com a concepção de Estado que estes acabam fundamentando. Ficou clara, na pesquisa, a existência de uma lacuna quanto à problematização dos conceitos de cidadania e direito social, tratados como termos autoexplicativos e quase sem referência teórica. A participação social é, muitas vezes, confundida com responsabilização da sociedade civil, o que enfraquece o Estado e dá poder ao mercado. No que se refere ao lazer, a discussão ocorre de maneira descontextualizada, que não favorece sua vinculação a um projeto de emancipação social. Em conjunto, esses artigos não oferecem uma proposta alternativa ao modelo de sociedade neoliberal e, portanto, o lazer não apresenta potencial para superar a legalidade em favor de sua legitimidade como direito social

COPD and cardiovascular disease

COPD is one of the major public health problems in people aged 40 years or above. It is currently the 4th leading cause of death in the world and projected to be the 3rd leading cause of death by 2020. COPD and cardiac comorbidities are frequently associated. They share common risk factors, pathophysiological processes, signs and symptoms, and act synergistically as negative prognostic factors. Cardiac disease includes a broad spectrum of entities with distinct pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis. From an epidemiological point of view, patients with COPD are particularly vulnerable to cardiac disease. Indeed, mortality due to cardiac disease in patients with moderate COPD is higher than mortality related to respiratory failure. Guidelines reinforce that the control of comorbidities in COPD has a clear benefit over the potential risk associated with the majority of the drugs utilized. On the other hand, the true survival benefits of aggressive treatment of cardiac disease and COPD in patients with both conditions have still not been clarified. Given their relevance in terms of prevalence and prognosis, we will focus in this paper on the management of COPD patients with ischemic coronary disease, heart failure and dysrhythmia.Novartis Portugal Novartisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cell adhesion and proliferation of skeletal muscle cells on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes

Several body tissues, including bone and muscle, are subjected to electromechanical solicitations during their functional activity [1-3]. Thus, the use of electroactive polymers as active scaffolds shows innovative large potential for tissue engineering applications as it offers functional resemblance to biological clues [2]. In particular, piezoelectric polymers have shown suitability for tissue engineering due to their ability to vary surface charge when a mechanical load is applied [4] and their possibility to be processed in form of films, porous 2D and 3D membranes and scaffolds and fiber mats. The influence of poling state and morphology (film or fiber morphology) of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) on the adhesion and morphology of myoblast cells was studied. Non-poled, ‘‘poled +’’ and “poled-’’ !-PVDF films were prepared by solvent casting followed by corona poling. Further, random and aligned electrospun !-PVDF fiber mats were also prepared. It is demonstrated that negatively charged surfaces improve cell adhesion and proliferation and that the directional growth of the myoblast cells can be achieved by culturing the cell on aligned fibers. Therefore, the potential application of electroative materials for muscle regeneration is demonstrated

Evolution of functional capacity and health status two years after a pulmonary rehabilitation programme

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRP) have been shown to improve exercise capacity and health status and to reduce dyspnoea and use of healthcare resources, in patients with chronic lung disease. These benefits usually wane after the programs conclusion. Aim: Evaluate functional capacity and health status 2 years after the end of a PRP. Methods: Retrospective study of patients who took part in PRP. After PRP, patients who reported a physically active lifestyle were included in the active group (AG). The other patients were considered as the control group (CG). Functional capacity was evaluated with 6. minute walk distance (6MWD) and health status with St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: Thirty-two patients were included, 24 in the AG and 8 in the CG. Immediately after PRP, there was a significant improvement in the 6MWD and SGRQ global score, for both groups. After completing PRP, in the AG, there was a decline in the mean 6MWD when evaluated at 6 months, 1 and 2 years and also in health status.However, after 2 years, the AG continued to show an average improvement of 32 m (p=0.03) in the 6MWD and at least 4 points in SGRQ compared to pre-PRP, while in the CG, there was a clinically significant decline in 6MWD (-34 m) and SGRQ score (13 points worse). Conclusion: Despite the progressive decline of benefits gained after completing PRP, in the AG these are still significantly positive after 2 years. An active lifestyle seems to help maintain the benefits of the Rehabilitation Program.publishersversionpublishe

Prevalence of pre- and postpartum depression in Jamaican women

BACKGROUND: Maternal depression during pregnancy has been studied less than depression in postpartum period. The aims of this study were to find out the prevalence of prepartum and postpartum depression and the risk factors associated in a cohort of Afro-Jamaican pregnant women in Jamaica. METHODS: The Zung self-rating depression scale instrument was administered to 73 healthy pregnant women at 28 weeks gestation and at 6 weeks postpartum for quantitative measurement of depression. Blood samples were collected at 8, 28, 35 weeks gestation and at day 1 and 6 weeks postpartum to study the thyroid status. RESULTS: Study demonstrated depression prevalence rates of 56% and 34% during prepartum and postpartum period, respectively. 94% women suffering depression in both periods were single. There were significant variations in both FT(3 )and TT(4 )concentrations which increased from week 8 to week 28 prepartum (p < 0.05) and then declined at the 35(th )week (p < 0.05 compared with week 28) and 1 day post delivery study (p < 0.05 compared with week 35). The mean values for TSH increased significantly from week 8 through week 35. The mean values at 1 day postpartum and 6 week postpartum were not significantly different from the 35 week values. For FT(3), TT(4 )and TSH there were no significant between group differences in concentrations. The major determinants of postpartum depression were moderate and severe prepartum depression and change in TT(4 )hormone concentrations. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of depression was found during pre- and postpartum periods. Single mothers, prepartum depression and changes in TT(4 )were factors found to be significantly associated with postpartum depression

COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak

This N = 173,426 social science dataset was collected through the collaborative COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey – an open science effort to improve understanding of the human experiences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic between 30th March and 30th May, 2020. The dataset allows a cross-cultural study of psychological and behavioural responses to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures like cancellation of public functions and stay at home orders implemented in many countries. The dataset contains demographic background variables as well as measures of Asian Disease Problem, perceived stress (PSS-10), availability of social provisions (SPS-10), trust in various authorities, trust in governmental measures to contain the virus (OECD trust), personality traits (BFF-15), information behaviours, agreement with the level of government intervention, and compliance with preventive measures, along with a rich pool of exploratory variables and written experiences. A global consortium from 39 countries and regions worked together to build and translate a survey with variables of shared interests, and recruited participants in 47 languages and dialects. Raw plus cleaned data and dynamic visualizations are available

Neural protection by naturopathic compounds—an example of tetramethylpyrazine from retina to brain

Given the advantages of being stable in the ambient environment, being permeable to the blood–brain and/or blood–eye barriers and being convenient for administration, naturopathic compounds have growingly become promising therapeutic candidates for neural protection. Extracted from one of the most common Chinese herbal medicines, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), also designated as ligustrazine, has been suggested to be neuroprotective in the central nervous system as well as the peripheral nerve network. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms of its efficacy for neural protection are understood limitedly, accumulating evidence suggests that antioxidative stress, antagonism for calcium, and suppression of pro-inflammatory factors contribute significantly to its neuroprotection. In animal studies, systemic administration of TMP (subcutaneous injection, 50 mg/kg) significantly blocked neuronal degeneration in hippocampus as well as the other vulnerable regions in brains of Sprague–Dawley rats following kainate-induced prolonged seizures. Results from us and others also demonstrated potent neuroprotective efficacy of TMP for retinal cells and robust benefits for brain in Alzheimer’s disease or other brain injury. These results suggest a promising prospect for TMP to be used as a treatment of specific neurodegenerative diseases. Given the assessment of the distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity information that is already available on most neuroprotective naturopathic compounds such as TMP, it would not take much preclinical data to justify bringing such therapeutic compounds to clinical trials in humans