Projeto de intervenção direcionado ao controle da hipertensão arterial, na UBS Profilurbi I, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná

A hipertensão arterial é uma doença crônica na qual existe um aumento de lá pressão diastólica e sistólica produzida por distintos fatores de risco como obesidade, sedentarismo, malos hábitos dietéticos, sendo vista hoje como uma doença muito patológica para o ser humano. Sabendo da severidade dessa doença a EBF de Profilurbi I, município Foz do Iguaçu, resolveu agrupar o grupo de pacientes hipertensos da EBF, com o objetivo de projetar ações para atuar sobre o controle da Hipertensão Arterial com o objetivo de aumentar a qualidade de vida dessa população. O projeto de intervenção contou com a participação dos professionales da EBF (medica, enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem e agentes de saúde) juntamente com os profissionales da equipe NASF (nutricionista, psicólogos) com quem foram feitos 9 encontros com intervalos de quinze dias, nas segunda e terças férias do mês, com a participação de 325 hipertensos da área. Nesses encontros, ocorreram rodas de conversas e depoimentos. De acordo com os depoimentos dos encontros nas rodas de conversas pode-se concluir que apesar de não ter ocorrido pouco diminuição de as cifras de pressão arterial em vários pacientes houve interesse por mudança de hábitos alimentares, realizar exercícios físicos, adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, motivando os professionais envolvidos a planejar outras atividades para obtenção de melhores resultados

Different Modes of Retrovirus Restriction by Human APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G In Vivo

The apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 (A3) cytidine deaminases are among the most highly evolutionarily selected retroviral restriction factors, both in terms of gene copy number and sequence diversity. Primate genomes encode seven A3 genes, and while A3F and 3G are widely recognized as important in the restriction of HIV, the role of the other genes, particularly A3A, is not as clear. Indeed, since human cells can express multiple A3 genes, and because of the lack of an experimentally tractable model, it is difficult to dissect the individual contribution of each gene to virus restriction in vivo. To overcome this problem, we generated human A3A and A3G transgenic mice on a mouse A3 knockout background. Using these mice, we demonstrate that both A3A and A3G restrict infection by murine retroviruses but by different mechanisms: A3G was packaged into virions and caused extensive deamination of the retrovirus genomes while A3A was not packaged and instead restricted infection when expressed in target cells. Additionally, we show that a murine leukemia virus engineered to express HIV Vif overcame the A3G-mediated restriction, thereby creating a novel model for studying the interaction between these proteins. We have thus developed an in vivo system for understanding how human A3 proteins use different modes of restriction, as well as a means for testing therapies that disrupt HIV Vif-A3G interactions.United States. Public Health Service (Grant R01-AI-085015)United States. Public Health Service (Grant T32-CA115299 )United States. Public Health Service (Grant F32-AI100512

Notch1 Deficiency Dissociates the Intrathymic Development of Dendritic Cells and T Cells

Thymic dendritic cells (DCs) form a discrete subset of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells, the function of which is to mediate negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes. The developmental origin of thymic DCs remains controversial. Although cell transfer studies support a model in which T cells and thymic DCs develop from the same intrathymic pluripotential precursor, it remains possible that these two types of cells develop from independent intrathymic precursors. Notch proteins are cell surface receptors involved in the regulation of cell fate specification. We have recently reported that T cell development in inducible Notch1-deficient mice is severely impaired at an early stage, before the expression of T cell lineage markers. To investigate whether development of thymic DCs also depends on Notch1, we have constructed mixed BM chimeric mice. We report here that thymic DC development from Notch1−/− BM precursors is absolutely normal (in terms of absolute number and phenotype) in this competitive situation, despite the absence of Notch1−/− T cells. Furthermore, we find that peripheral DCs and Langerhans cells are also not affected by Notch1 deficiency. Our results demonstrate that the development of DCs is totally independent of Notch1 function, and strongly suggest a dissociation between intrathymic T cell and DC precursors

Generation of peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells and presence of regulatory T cells during vaccination with hTERT (class I and II) peptide-pulsed DCs

Optimal techniques for DC generation for immunotherapy in cancer are yet to be established. Study aims were to evaluate: (i) DC activation/maturation milieu (TNF-α +/- IFN-α) and its effects on CD8+ hTERT-specific T cell responses to class I epitopes (p540 or p865), (ii) CD8+ hTERT-specific T cell responses elicited by vaccination with class I alone or both class I and II epitope (p766 and p672)-pulsed DCs, prepared without IFN-α, (iii) association between circulating T regulatory cells (Tregs) and clinical responses

Estrategias visuales aplicadas a la difusión de información en el tema del cáncer hereditario

“El presente proyecto pretende ser un ejemplo del uso de diseño gráfico aplicado en distintos medios en el área de la medicina, específicamente con el objetivo de informar, crear conciencia y sensibilizar a la población sobre el cáncer hereditario con la aplicación de una campaña. Durante muchos años se han realizado considerables esfuerzos para la identificación de genes específicos involucrados en el desarrollo del cáncer. No obstante, en la actualidad es una de las enfermedades que afecta a millones de personas en el mundo. Sin embargo, el cáncer hereditario es de los menos estudiados, pues el campo de la genética es relativamente nuevo. Además, solamente existe entre el 5% y 10% de probabilidad de adquirir dichos genes en la población general, pero el porcentaje incrementa considerablemente si ya existe disposición dentro de la familia. En la actualidad se ha observado que la información es escasa para doctores e investigadores, lo que da como resultado que para la comunidad, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, sea un tema desconocido; donde a pesar de conocer cierta terminología, ignoran el significado preciso, las consecuencias y acciones preventivas o de cuidado. Por otro lado, el diseño gráfico tiene una gran cantidad de ramas sobre las que se puede trabajar en casos sumamente variados.

Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression of Spleen Dendritic Cells in Mouse Toxoplasmosis

Dendritic cells have been known as a member of strong innate immune cells against infectious organelles. In this study, we evaluated the cytokine expression of splenic dendritic cells in chronic mouse toxoplasmosis by tissue cyst-forming Me49 strain and demonstrated the distribution of lymphoid dendritic cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 increased rapidly at week 1 post-infection (PI) and peaked at week 3 PI. Serum IL-10 level followed the similar patterns. FACS analysis showed that the number of CD8α+/CD11c+ splenic dendritic cells increased at week 1 and peaked at week 3 PI. In conclusion, mouse splenic dendritic cells showed early and rapid cytokine changes and may have important protective roles in early phases of murine toxoplasmosis

LXR Nuclear receptors are transcriptional regulators of dendritic cell chemotaxis

The liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors with established roles in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in multiple tissues. LXRs exert additional biological functions as negative regulators of inflammation, particularly in macrophages. However, the transcriptional responses controlled by LXRs in other myeloid cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), are still poorly understood. Here we used gain- and loss-of-function models to characterize the impact of LXR deficiency on DC activation programs. Our results identified an LXR-dependent pathway that is important for DC chemotaxis. LXR-deficient mature DCs are defective in stimulus-induced migration in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that LXRs facilitate DC chemotactic signaling by regulating the expression of CD38, an ectoenzyme important for leukocyte trafficking. Pharmacological or genetic inactivation of CD38 activity abolished the LXR-dependent induction of DC chemotaxis. Using the low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR−/−) LDLR−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis, we also demonstrated that hematopoietic CD38 expression is important for the accumulation of lipid-laden myeloid cells in lesions, suggesting that CD38 is a key factor in leukocyte migration during atherogenesis. Collectively, our results demonstrate that LXRs are required for the efficient emigration of DCs in response to chemotactic signals during inflammation

Overview of bovine dendritic cells

This article is an overview of dendritic cells (DCs) in cattle. The understanding of the immune system and the role of DCs in many ways can contribute to their use in the prevention and treatment of many infectious and autoimmune diseases. DCs are bone marrow-derived cells that function as professional antigen presenting cells. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems. The morphology of DCs results in a very large surface to volume ratio. That is, the DCs have a very large surface area compared to the overall cell volume. Currently, most dendritic cells research occurs in the human and mice. There is a lack of studies in cattle describing DCs. DCs survey the body and collect information relevant to the immune system. They are then able to instruct and direct the adaptive arms to respond to challenges.O

Programa de innovación tecnológica con impacto social

ITESO, A.C

Identification of a Novel Developmental Stage Marking Lineage Commitment of Progenitor Thymocytes

Bipotent progenitors for T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are thought to exist among early precursor thymocytes. The identification and functional properties of such a progenitor population remain undefined. We report the identification of a novel developmental stage during fetal thymic ontogeny that delineates a population of T/NK-committed progenitors (NK1.1+/CD117+/CD44+/CD25−). Thymocytes at this stage in development are phenotypically and functionally distinguishable from the pool of multipotent lymphoid-restricted (B, T, and NK) precursor thymocytes. Exposure of multipotent precursor thymocytes or fetal liver– derived hematopoietic progenitors to thymic stroma induces differentiation to the bipotent developmental stage. Continued exposure to a thymic microenvironment results in predominant commitment to the T cell lineage, whereas coculture with a bone marrow–derived stromal cell line results in the generation of mature NK cells. Thus, the restriction point to T and NK lymphocyte destinies from a multipotent progenitor stage is marked by a thymus-induced differentiation step